All Classes Question Paper And Syllabus Here: 3/1/08

Sunday, March 23, 2008

Some About Physics

Physics Project Report

http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dgb5xzcv_0gdzm6vd2

According there are two types of transistor , namely

http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dgb5xzcv_22fn7dsngz

Expriment 6
Numerical Integration of one dimensional function using Simpson Rule

http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dgb5xzcv_297gh9mwfz

Get Physics Thesis

http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dgb5xzcv_30cjfj45dm

http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dgb5xzcv_85f7p49chs

http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dgb5xzcv_91zpbhwzhg

http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dgb5xzcv_91zpbhwzhg

http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dgb5xzcv_149rdhn7wch

Friday, March 21, 2008

Revised m.phil Syllabus

M.Phil.-_Geography
M.PHIL._PSYCHOLOGY
M.Phil.Electronics
M.Phil.Enviro._Science
M.Phil.Home_Science
M.Phil.Maths
M.Phil.Social_Work
M.Phil.Sociology
M.Phil.Zoology
M.Phil_Bio-Informatics
M.Phil_Commerce
M.Phil_Education
M.phil_English.
M.Phil_Food_and_Nutrtition
M.Phil_History
M.Phil_in_Physical_Education
M.Phil-_Management
M.Phil_Physics
M.Phil_Textiles
M.Phil-Biochemistry
M.Phil-Computer_Science
M.Phil-Economics
M.Phil-Library
M.Phil-Microbiology
M.Phil-Statistics
M.Phil Geology_syllabus
M.Phil_Public_Administration
M Phil-Political_Science

Friday, March 14, 2008

CSR NOTES II

CSR NOTES
1.The study of bones is called ostelogy
-Total no of bones 206
-Smallest bone-Stapes(ear boe)
-Longest bone-Femus(Thigh bone)
-Strongest bone-Tibia(leg bone)
-Total no of muscles-639
-Largest grand-liver
-Longest gland-thyroid
-Longest nerve-Sciatic
-Hardest bone-Tooth enamal
-Tolal amount of blood in the body is (1/15 of body weight)
-Normal body Temperature-98.6F(37C)
2.Govt.of India banned the student Islamic movement of India (SIMI)because it had linked with Osama Bin Laden’s a1-Qaeda Group
3.The Salary of member of parliament and higher perks is ehanced from Rs.4000 to 12,000 per month and constituency allowance from Rs.8000 to 10,000 per month and daily allowance of Rs.400 to Rs. 500 for a period of five year
4.Competition bill to replace MRTPC (Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practice Act.)
5.Supreme court ruled on August 2,2001 that a public servant convicted in corruption case should not hold office till he was cleared of the charges by a superior court
6.Number of amendments in constitution is 8 till now
7.The terrorist out fit that brought the WTC and destroyed part of Pantagon in Washington is A1-Queda.the network association with Osama Bin Laden
8. ISI-Inter Service Intelligence
9.Durent line boundary between India and Afghanistan
11.Mc Mohan Line:-boundary between India and china
12.Redcliff Line:- boundary between India and Pakistan
13.Palk Strait:- boundary between India and Sri Lanka
14.Prithvi:-Surface to surface missile.It has a range 250km
15.Agni:- Is Surface to surface missile.it has a range1500-2000km
16.Akash:- Is Surface to surface missile.it has a range of 25km
17 Nag: It is an anti tank missile having range of 4km
18.Bank rate is the rate at which the reserve Bank of India gives credit to commercial Banks
19.Amicus Curiae-Lawyer appointment by the court to represent a poor person.it means friend of court
20.C.R.R- Cash Reserve Ratio
21.Medico Legal case-Accidental Case
22.The most important influence of the moon on the earth is the effect on ocean tides
23.Ranthambore:- Ranthambore National park in Rajasthan(410 sq.km)was ones the private tiger reserve of the Maharaja of Jaipur
24.Ghana Bird Sanctuary-Bharatpur Rajasthan
25.Standerd Deduction in income tax-30,000/-
26.Maximum income not liable to tax-50,000/-
27.American’s Robinson Walton(Bill gates)is the richest person in the world
28.Bio terrorism:-It refer to the use of disease causing micro oganism as terroist weapons to cause devastating ipack on the people.for example.Anthrax
29.Public University founded in 1982 at Lahore.After partition in was re-established in India on 1st of October 1947.the University moved to Chandigarh in 1956,vice chancellor of Punjab university is -K.N.Pathak
30.Kapil Dev has been chosen the wisdom Indian cricketer of the century.
31.Akshardham Temple is in Gandhi Nagar (Gujrat
35 people were killed by terrorist )
32.Metro rail Delhi 24 Dec,2002(Shahdra to is Hagari -8.3km)
33.CAG- V.N.Kaul
34.Chairman of SBI-A.K.Purwar
35.Guru Nanak born in Talwandi now called ‘Nankana Sahib’ in 1469 .He died in 1539.Guru was founder of Sikhism
36. Guru Angad Dev- introduced langer system
37. Guru Amar Das- social reformer and discarded sati pratha
38. Guru Ram Das- founded city of Amritsar
Guru Arjun Deb- Built GoldenTemple and compiled Aadi Granph or Guru Granth Sahib. Guru Arjun Deb compled Granth Sahib in 1604 with the of bhai Gurdas Bhalla ji. Guru Arjun Dev was executed by Jahangir on the advice of Chandu Singh. Guru Arjun Dev got the foundation of Harmandir Sahib laid down by a Muslim Faqir main mir.
41.Guru hargobind singh - stared the system of
Akal takht and miri,piri
42.Guru Har Rai
43.Guru Harkishan
44.Guru Teg Bahadur-Guru Teg Bahadur executed by Aurangzeb
45. Guru Gobind Singh -Founder of Khalsa 13th April,1699,Baisakhi, Khalsa means military
brotherhood Zafarnama :- This is Letter written by
Guru Gobind Singh to Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
This letter was written because Aurangzeb was committed many atrocities on people.Guru Gobind Singh asked Aurangzeb to give up the policy at Anandpur Sahib on the 1st Baisakh 13th April,1699 A..D
46.Dasam Granth was compiled by a devoted sikh mani singh after passing away Of Guru Gobind Singh .
47.Guru Ki kashi-Takhat Damdma Sahib. It is famous Gurudwara, Which is situated at Talwandi Sabo. It is called Guru Ki Kashi
48.Guru Ki Wadali - it is Birth place of Guru Hargobind Ji . it is famous Gurudwara of Punjab
49.Banda Bahadur- Was born on 27th October, 1670. His real name was Lachaman Das. Once,
during hunting an arrow of Banda Bahadur stuck a pregnant she deer; Banda Bahadur was greatly pained to see the tragic death of the deer and its two kids. He renounced the world and become a Bairagi. Banda Bahadur adopted the name Madho Das after becoming a Bairagi. Madho Das (Banda Bahadur) met Guru Sahib. He said “I am your Banda (Servant)”. Thus Madho Das become Banda. Guru Gobind Sahib called him Banda the brave. Thus acquired the name Banda Bahadur
50. Sharomani Gurdawara Prabandhak Committee was established on 15th Nov. 1990, at Akal Takhat Amritsar.
51.Aklis launched a non-movement in 1921 with the aim of -Librating Sikh Guru Gurudwara from Mahants.
Literature:-
52.Creator of Asa-di-war,Japuji sahib-Guru Nanak
Dev ji.
53.Creator of Bachittar Natak- Guru Gobind Singh
54.Creator of Jab Sahibh- Guru Gobind Singh
55.Creator of Anand Sahib- Guru Amar Das ji
56.Creator of Sukhmani Sahib -Guru Arjan Dev ji
57. Compiler of Guru Granth Sahib - Guru Arjan Dev ji
58.Writer of Adhi Granth at the time of its compilation of - Bahi Gurdas Bhalla ji
59.Creator of Bani written in Dasam Granth-Guru Gobind singh ji
60.Most famous writer of Qisa Puran Bhagat -Fazal Shah.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his Administration:-
61.Date of Birth of Maharaja Ranjit Singh-Nov.2,1780.
62.Name of the parents of Maharaja Ranjit Singh- Father name:-Maha singh ,Mother name :-Raj Kaur
63.Time of treaty of Amritsar between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and British -25th April,1809
64.Name of the Foreign minister of Maharaja Ranjit Singh-Faqir Azizudeen
65.Head of Finance minister at the the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh- Deewan Kaura Mal
66.Most famous prime minister of Maharaja Ranjit Singh- Dhian Singh Dogra
67.Meaning of Kankut system started by Maharaja Ranjit Singh- Tax on standing crop in the field
68.’Nazim Adalat’ at the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh state level- Court
69.Capital city of maharaja Ranjit Singh- Lahore
70.First war between Sikh and British - 1845 A.D.
71.Second Anglo Sikh War-1848-1849 A.D.
72. Ranjit Singh (Thein) Dam has been constructed on the river- Ravi
73.Which Dam is built on Beas near Talwara- Pong Dam.
74. Dam built on the river Satluj- Bhakrha Dam
75.The Dusi dam has been constructed on the river Beas
76.The old name of the Amritser -Ramdas nagar
77.Which Guru got constructor Akal Takhat -Guru
Hargobind Sahib
78The real Granth Sahib has been placed at -Kartarpur
79.Guru Nanak Dav Ji was enlightenment at- Sultan
Pur
80.Which Guru built Buraj Baba Atal- Guru Hargobind Sahib
81. The old name Punjab- Sapat Sindhu
82.The Gurudwara situated at present where foundation of Khalsa Panth was laid -Gurudwara Kesgarh Sahib.
83.The other name of Harmandir Sahib is-Darbar Sahib.
84.The Guru;who founded Anandpur Sahib was -Guru Teg Bahadur
85.Bhagat Singh was hanged on-23rd March, 1931
86.Number of district in Punjab-17, Lok Sabha seats-13
87. Highest Gallantry Award-Param Vir Chakra
88.NOBLE PRIZES;-The Honors of Wining the Noble Prizes go to the Following 7 Indians
(i)Rabinder Nath Tagore win the noble prizes from literature in 1913.
(ii)C.V. Raman win the noble prizes from physics in 1930.
(iii)Hargobind Khurana win the noble prizes from medicine in 1968.
(iv)Mother Teresa win the noble price from peace in 1979.
(vi) S. chandrashekher win the noble prize from physics in 1986.
(vii) Prof. Amaritya Sen win the noble prizes from Economics in 1998.
(viii) V.S.Naipal win the noble prizes from Literature in 2001.
90.Highest Gallantry Award- ParamVir Chakra
91.Highest Civilian Award- Bharat Ratana
92.First Olympic Game held at Athens in 1896
93.First Deputy Prime Minister of India-Sardar Patel
94.2nd deputy Prime Minister of India-Morarzi Desai
95. 3hd Deputy Prime Minister of India - Choudhari Charan Singh
96. 5th Deputy Prime Minister of India - Y.V.Chauan.
97.6th Deputy Prime Minister of India -Dev Lal
98. 7th Deputy Prime Minister of India- Lal Krishan
Advani
99. AIDS:Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
100.HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
101.AIDS:Is caused by Virus Aids is due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus
102.Classical Dance of India:-
-Manipur of Manipur
-Oddisi of Orissa
-Katha-Kali of Kerala
-Kuchi-Pudi of Andhra Pradesh
-Bharat Natyam of Tamil Nadu
-Kathak of Utter Pradesh
-Bihu of Assam
103.Legal Service Clinic:-A Legal Service Clinic open 24 hours on all days, has been established in Ahemdabad to provide free service of retired high court judge and reputed lawyear.
105.The State of Haryana-:Came into begin on , Nov.1,1966 as result of the re- organizations
of the old Punjab state into two separate seats.It consist of the Hind speaking area of Punjab,secong language status has been given to Punjab(1996)
106.Book and Author:-
-Life Diving
-Ain-I-Akbari -Aourbinbo Ghosh
-Panchtantra -Abdul Fazal
-Mahabharta -Vishnu Sharma
-India wins Freedom -Ved Vyas
-Discovery of India -Maulana Abdul Kalam
-My Experiment with Truth -Gandhi
-Madhushala -Harivansh Rai Bachan
-Prisoner’s Scorapbook -L.K.Advani
107.Sports:-
-Agha Khan Cup -Hockey
-Durant Cup -Football(India)
-Duleep/renjit Trophyre -Cricket
-Santosh Trophy -National Football
-Thomas Cup -World Bedminton(Men)
-Davis Cup -Lawn Tennis
108.Buddhism:Buddhism was founded by Gautam
Buddha. His Original name was Gautam Siddhartha , A Kashatriya, Boran in 563 B.C at Lumbini in Nepal . He attended enlightenment at Bodhgaya under papal tree.Budha died at the age of 80 years in 483 B.C at Kushinagar (District Utter Pradesh).He gave 8 fold paths to control the desire.1st sermon was delivered by him at Srnarth at Banaras .The Language used by Buddhist people was pali .
109.Red cross was founded by-J.H. Durant , Established in 1864 World red Cross day iscelebrated on May 8,The Birthday its founder J.H. Durant.
110.Sir Robert S.S Baden Powell is the founder of scouting
111.Who gave the call go back to Vedas-Dayanand
112.The construction of Qutab Minar was begun by Quatab-ud-din Aibak but it was complateed by lltutumish.
113.Who built the Sanchi Stupa- Agratala.
114.Who founded slave dynasty in 1206 A.D.- Quatab-ud-din Aibak.
115.The Capital of Tripura is Agratala.
116. The Capital of Mizoram is aizawl.
117. The Capital of Australia is -Canberra.
118.Spring tides occurs on- Full moon day as well on new moon day.
119.Tides in the oceans are caused by-Attraction of the moon.
201.Buddhism place of worship is-Pongda.
121.Jews place of worship is-Synagogue.
122.Holish book of Jews-Talmud.
123.Malguddi days written by -R.K. Naraynan
124.Das capital-Karl Marx
125.The father of Economics- Adam smith.
126.The Chipko Movement was associated with-preventing felling of trees.
127.Pashmina is a breed of -Sheep.
128.What is the meaning of Buddha -An enlightened one.
129.Which is the holy book of Parsis- Jorah
130.Parliament of U.S.A is known as- Congress
131. Parliament of Afghanistan- Shoora
132. Parliament of Russia-Duma.
133. Parliament of Japan -Diet.
134.SARS:-It Stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. SARS is caused by viruses from the corona and paramyxo virus family.
135.New Governors of India:-
-Kailashpati Mishara - Gujrat
-Ram Parkash Gupta -Madhya Pradesh
-O.P Verma -Punjab
-V.S Kokje - Himachal Pradesh
-Nirmal Chand - Rajasthan
136.LCA(Light Combat Aircraft)is named as “Tejas”
137. Lakshva is Pilot Less target Aircraft
138.Kalpna Chawla: She was an Indian born American Astronaut. She died with other six astronauts in the Columbia shuttle crash on feb.1,2003.She embarked on her second Voyage in the United State space shuttle Columbia on Jan 16,earlier.She was an Indian born American Astronaut.She died with other six astronauts in the Columbia shuttle Columbia on jan 16,earlier.She
was one of the six astronaut crew that flew the
Columbia Flight STS-87in nov.1997 Chawla who had her schooling in Karnal (Haryana)and college education in Punjab did her Masters in Aerospase Engineering from the university of Taxes in in 1984 and Doctorate from Colorado University two year later. An avid flier, she held certified flight instructor’s license with Airplane and Gladder ratings, commercial Pilot L icense for single and multi-engine land and seaplanes
139.Jan. 9,the day Mahatma Gandhi return from South Agrica in 1915-was chosen to celebrate the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
140.The five day 90th session of the Lndian science congress conclude in Bangalore on Jan.7,2003.The focal theme of the congress was Vision for the global Space community.
141.Sriska and Ranthambore are the reserve for lion.
142.International Criminal court was launched formally in the mid march in the Hauge . The first eighteen judges took Oath in the grand ceremony. The court has been set up to handle genocide and the Worst case of war crime or mass atrocities against civilians when no national court
is able or willing to do so.
143.Right to Education:-article 21A provides the free and compulsory education to all children of
the age of six to fourteen.
144.Freedom of information bill:- The parliament approved the “Freedom of information bill”.Now it is statutory right of the citizen to access information from the Government.
145.Right to Education :- article21A provides the free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen
146.Freedom of information bill:- The Parliament approved the “freedom of information bill”. Now it is statutory right of the citizen to access information from the Government.
147.Minister of state for defence is prof. Chaman lal gupta
148.Ajit singh is Agriculture Minister.
149. Sapan is not a member of G-8 group.
150. APSARA is the name of the India’s first Nuclear Reactor.
151.The world environment day is celebrated on june 5.
152.Jainism:-Founded by (Rishabha)Varhamana Mahavira. He was a great 24th Triathankras (Pathfinder).Or prophet of Jainism .Mahavir was a
greast Kshtiya ,born at Kundagram (Vaishali) in bihar. He came to be known as Mahavir of jina. The conqueror of passing; his following are known as Janis. He passed away at age 72 in 462 B. C at Pavapuri, a place near modern Rajgir . Mahavira Teaching are known as the “Tri Ratna” or the three jewels of Jainisn,which lead to the attainment of salvation . They are (I) Right Knowledge and (II) Right Action .The Janis used and developed Prakrit,The language of the common people .Their religious literature was written in Ardhamagadhi.
153.Vasco da Gama landed in Calicut in 1498.
154.Ist Chinese traveler, Fahein came to India during the period of chandra Gupta-II(Vikramaditya)
155.2nd Chinese traveler Hieun Tsang came to India during the region of Harshvardhana
156.Who is the Napoleon of India -Samundra Gupta for his military exploits.
157.Harshvardhana written three books-1.Priya Darshika 2.Rattanavali 3.Naga Nanda. The official poet of harshvardhana was bana bhatt .Bana bhatta
composed harsha chirtra and kadambari
158.first battle of panipat in 1526 and founded
the Mugahal dynasty in India
159.Second battle of Panipat was fought between
Akbar and Ibrahim Lodhi at Panipat in 1556 Akbar
Defeated Himu and became the ruled of Delhi and Agra
160 Third battle of Panipat fought between Ahmed Shah Abdali of Afghanistan and Marathas in 1761.In this third battle of Panipat Marathas were completely routed by Ahmed Shah Abdali.
161.Indian National Army was founded by Subash Chander Bose in 1943 in Singapore alongwith Rasbihari Bose. The main aim of Azad Hind Fauz
was to liberation of India.
162.The Brahmo Samaj was established by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828 whose leadership was later taken by Debendernath tagore and Keshub Chande Sen.
163.The Arya Samaj founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in 1875 attempted to reform the Hindu religion from its decadence.
164.The Ramakrishana Mission was founded by
Swami Vevekananda in 1896 .
165.Annie besant:- Founded Theosophical society started home rule league in 1916. She was the first woman president of Indian National Congress.Indian National Congress Founded by A.O.Hume in 1885. However first President of Indian national congress was W.C. Banerjee.
166.Swadeshi movement was started in 1905.
167.Gadder party was founded by lala Hardayal singh in 1913 at Francisco.
168.Home rule league founded by Annie Besant and Bal Ganga Dhar Tilak in 1916.
1916.Rowlatt Act. Passed in 1919.
170.Non-Co-Operation movement started in 1920 by Gandhi ji. This movement ended in 1922 after Chauri Chaura incident.
171.Simons commission -1928
172.Civil Disobedience movement-1930
173. “Do or die” -Mahatma Gandhi
174. “Nightingale of India”-Saorjini Naidu.
175. “Father of Indian Unrest”-Bal Ganga Dhar Tilak.
176. “Architect of India”- Pandit Nehru.
177. “
Man of Peace”-Lal Bhadur Shastri.
178. “Iron Man of India”-Sardar.
179. “jai hind” -subash chander bose
180. “Grand old man of India” -Dada Bhai Narogi.
181.Mughal Dynasty (1526-1540and 1555-1857)
1.Babur (1526-1530)
2.Humayum
3.Sher Shah Suri (1540-45)
4.Akber (1556-1605)
5.Jahangir (1605-1627)
6.Shah Jahan (1628-1658)
7.Aurangzeb (1658-1707)
182.BABUR:
-Founder of Mughal Empire
-1st battle of panipat between Babur and Ibrahim lodhi
183.HUMAYUN:
-Son of Babur
-Humayun Tomb at Delhi-1st Mughal Monument
184.SHER SHAH SURI:
-He was an Afghan
-Introduced a brilliant administration
-Issued a coin called ‘Rupia’
-Build Grand Trunk Road Linking Peshawar to Calcatta
185.AKBAR:
Eldest son of Humayun
Real founded of Mughal empire
Good works done by him
Popular for his toleration
Foundation of Din-e-illahi(code of conduct)
Akbar Tomb -Sikandria
Largest building built called ‘Agra Forte’
Abdul Fazal was a famous Poat who has written Aaine -Akbari ,Akbar -Name
186.JAHANGIR:
Real name Salim
Son of Akbar
He is known for his strict administration of Justice
He married Mehr-un-nissa or Nurjahan in 1661.
Jahangir’s Tomb built at Lohore
Exeecuted Guru Arjun Dev at the advice of Chand Singh
187.SHAH JAHAN:
Son of jahangir
His wife Mumtaz Mahal died in 1631
Built Taj Mahal in her memory in Agra
Known for promotion of Art
‘Red Fort’ and ‘Jama Masjid’ got built by him
Shah Jahan was imprisoned by his third son Aurangzeb till he died in 1666
188.AURANGZEB:
Third son of shah jahan
Ruled for 50 years and he was a cruel king
Banned all religious festival and demolished Hindu Temples
Executed Guru Teg Bahadur Ji (9th Guru) when he refused to embrace Islam
189. NADIR SHAH:
A Persian King during the region of Mohamd Shah took the ‘Kohinoor’ diamond to Afghanistan
190.Who was the first Governor of free India -Lord Mountbatten
191. Who was the first Governor General of free India - C Rajagopalchari
192. Who was the first Governor of free British India -Warren Hasting(1772-1793)
193. Who was the first father of Civil Service in India-Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793)
194. Who abolished sati Pratha and other cruel rites -Lord W.Bentick (with the help of Raja ram Mohan Rai in 1829
195.Who introduced Widow remarriage Act.In 1856 -Lord Dalhousie
196.TRAI -Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
197.VAS-Voluntary Retirement Scheme
198.VAT-Value Added Tex
199.STD-Subscriber’s Trunk Dialing
200.ISD-Internationl Subscriber’ s Dialing
201.PAN - Permanent Account Number
202.PIN -Postal Index Number
203. NATO-North Atlantic treaty Organization
204.SAARC -South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation.
205.C.R.R.-Cash Reserve Ratio.
206. I.S.R.O. -Indian Space Research Organization.
207.NASA-National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
208.V.D.I.S. -Voluntary Disclosure Income Scheme
209. P.C.O. -Public Call Office
210. L.P.G. -Liquefied Petroleum gas
211.C.T.B.T. -Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
212. V.P.P. -Value Payable Post
213. L.C.A. - Light Combat Aircraft.
214. P.O.W. - Prisoner of War.
215. T.E.L.E.X - Teleprint Exchange.
216 L.C.C -Line of Actual Control.
217. CNG-Compressed Natural Gas.
218. SMS -Short Messaging Service.
219. OAPEC -Organization of Arab Peteoleum Exporting Copuriers.
220.OPEC -Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
221.Interpol-International Crimunal Police Organisatiom it’s headquarter is in Lyons (Paris)
222.Who was the first man go to space- Yuri Gagran
223.Who was the first Indian go to in Space- Rakesh
224. Who was the first Indian woman go to in Space -Kalpna Chawla.
225. Who was the first man land on moon -Neil Armstrong on 21, July , 1969.
226.Bangalore is the Silicon City of the India.
227. Hyderabad is the hil - Tec.City of India.
228. 2004 Olympics to be held in Athens.
229. Misslie man of the India -A.P.J.Abdul Kalam Azad.
230. Capital of Fiji - Suva.
231. World’s largest river in South America’s Amazon which flows into South Atlantic. The source is Glacier -Fed- Lakes.
232. Which of the first Indian state to be recognized on the basis of language - Andhra Pardesh.
233. When were the Indian states re-organized on linguist basis - 1956.
234. Which scheduled deals with matters relating to
anti defection - 10th
235. Which scientist laid the foundation of atomic energy research in India - Homi J. Bhabha.
236. Which branch of science studies the relationship between matter and energy - Physics.
237. Which planet have no atmosphere -Mercury
238. Convex lenses are used for correction of -Short Sightedness
239. Which mirror is used as a rear view mirror in vehicles -Conves
240. Filament of an electric bulb is maid of -Tungsten
241. The oil in the wick of an oil lamp rises up due to -Capillary action
242. The best conductor of heat -Silver
243. A radar which defects the presence of an enemy air craft uses -Radio Waves
244. Velocity of round is maximum in -Steel
245. The terminal colure of Rainbow are -Rd & Blue
245. The gas extinguish fire is -Carbon Monoxide
246. The purest form of carbon is-Diamond.

Which mettle is always found in free state in nature-Gold.
Bauxite is an ore of-Aluminum.
Material used for bleaching pulp is-Sodium Hypo -chlori
Which gas is leaked in Bhopal gas tragedy-Methyl Isocyanides.
The chemical name of table salt is-Sodium Chloride.
Chemical name of Vitamin C is -Ascorbic Acid.
Bone is used as fertilizer because it contains the plant nutrient-Phosphorus.
Baking soda is-Sodium Bicarbonat.
255.Plaster of Paris is made from-Gypsum.
Which element is common in all acids-
Hydrogen.
Which element is common in all organic compounds is -Chlorine.
What is the function of Green leaves in plants -Photosynthesis.
Which is largest Gland in human body Liver
Which is largest Organ in human body -Skin
Which is longest Bone in human body -Femur
Which Gland is called the master Gland -Pituitary
How many Bones in adult human body -206
How many Bones in child’s body -300
What is the temperature of normal human body -36.9C.
Which is the helps in clotting in blood -Vitamin K.
Total volume of blood in normal adult human body 5-6iiters.
Red blood corpuscles(RBC)are formed in the bone marrow
The largest part of the human brain is the -cerebrum
What is main component of the bone and teeth -Calcium Phosphate
The main constituent of hemoglobin is -Transport Oxygen
The main function of Hemoglobin is - Transport Oxygen.
Malaraia is a disease which effect the -Spleen
Leukemia is a disease of the -Blood.
Rickets is a disease of the -Bones.
ECG is used for the diagnosis of ailments of -Heart.
Food is normally digested in the -Small intestines.
The main function of the kidney is -To remove waste product from body
The human cells contains -46 Chromosomes
Acquired immune-deficiency syndrome(AIDS)is caused by -Virus
The light with the longest wave length in the visible spectrum is - Red.
In the electric bulb, the gas used is - Inert.
Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales resemble at -40C.
Study of insects is called - Entomology.
The inner layer of the skin is called - Dermis
Nucleus of an atom has - Neutrons and Protons
Marsh gas is - Methane
In fireworks the green flame is produced because of - Barium
Nuclear fission is caused by the impact -Neutron
Atom Bomb is based on principal of - Nuclear Fission.
Glass is made from the mixture of - Sand and Salt.
Permanent hardness of water may be removed by the addition of - Sodium Carbonate.
P.V.C is obtained by the polymerization of - Vinylchtoride
The pursuit form of iron is - Cast Iron
The element found on the surface of the moon is -Titanium
One joule is equivalent to-10 ergs
The most efficient engine is -Electric
Wisdom teeth normally grow during the age of- 17- 30 years
The yellow colures of urine is due to the presence of -Urochrome.
Life of RVC in human blood is of -120 days.
How many teeth are known as milk teeth in human beings - 20.
Colure of the skin due to presence of -Melanin
Bile juice secreted by -Lactro meter
The smallest cell in the human body are -Blood cells.
Food is mainly digested in -small intestine.
The number of ribs in human body is -24
The smallest bone in the human body is - Stirrup
Total number of bones in human skill are- 30
The hitting element in an electric iron is made of -Tungsten.
A nuclear reactor uses as fuel -Uranium.
The Velocity of light was first measured by -Roemer.
The purity of milk is checked by -Lactro meter.
The hottest part of the flame lies in its -Non luminous Zone.
The first life came on this earth -In Water
An object weights maximum in -Vacuum
Which is the semiconductor -Silicon
Ic Chips for Computers are usually made of -Silicon
A device used for converting AC into DC is
called-Rectifier.
The volume Urine produced in an adult human every 24 hours is-1.5Liters.
The average Gestation period of Sheep is -150 days.
The Smallest possible unit of a comical compounds is -Molecule
The Vitamin which contains Cobalt is -B12
The first metal to used by man was Copper
All acid essentially contain the element -Hydrogen
The main active continent of tea and coffee is -Caffeine.
Pencil lead is made up of -Graphite.
The human body contains the maximum amount of -water.
Which gases ifs filled in balloons -Helium.
Rickets occurs due to the deficiency of -Vitamin A
Rocket launched station in Life-expectancy -Sriharikota
A lemon is sour is because of -Citric acid
Animals having hair and giving birth to young ones are called -Mammals
Resistance in Series -R=R1+R2+R3+R………..
Resistance in Parallel -1/R=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3
Sound travels the fastest in -Steel
Tuberculosis (T.B) is caused by -Bacteria
Temperature -C/100=F-32/180=K-273.15/100
Cow’s milk is slightly yellowish in hue due to -Riboflavin
The blue color of the sky is due to -Scattering of light
Clinical thermometer range -95F to 110F
Gold is a noble metal because it -is chemically less reactive
Which of the following is a bad conductor of electricity -Rubber
RDX is an explosive
In oxygen things burn -Brightly
What is water is composed of -Oxygen and Hydrogen
Domestic electric fitting are connected in Parallel
Cooking utensils are made up of metals because metals -are good conductors of heat
The voltage of the domestic electricity is -220 volt
The voltage of electicity used in factories is -440 volt
Which is the major source of the energy in human diet -Starch
A satellite is kept in circular orbit due to the gravitational -force of the earth
Hair, on our body, are meant to -Be a organs of defence
Velocity of a body is -Rate of changes of its position
Dialysis is done when -Kidneys fail
The speed of the Rocket Launcher is -Greater than ---11.6 KM per second
The color of carrot is red is due to -the presence of pigments
An instrument to measure the density of liquid -Hydrometer
The blood pressure of a normal human being is -120 /80 mm /Hg
During sleep, man’s blood pressure -Fluctuates
Copper is mainly used in -Electric wires
It is known as the silent killer -Blood pressure
Human body’s weight on the earth is maximum at -Poles
Which gas helps in extinguishing fire -Carbon dioxide
Marble is the changed form of -Limestone
Insulin is given for the treatment of -Diabetes
If a magnet is divided into two pieces -Both the pieces become independent magnets
Dehydration is loss of -Water
Which part of body typhoid affects -Intest-
-ines
One pound is equivalent to -453 gms
Diamonds are made up of -Carbon
Hydrophobia may effect a person suffering from -Dog bite
Carbon-dioxide as compared to air is -Heavier
Distance traveled by light in one year is called -Light year
One is germicide -Potassium permanganate
Jaundice is a disease of -Liver
Food poisoning is Caused by -Micro- organism
Formation of rust on iron is what kind of phenomenon -Chemical
The good conductor of electricity -Copper
Mercury is used in thermometers because it -Expands uniformly
Considered a balanced diet -Milk
Scientific study of micro-organs -Microbiology
Pollutes the environment -Carbon monoxide
Which bone related to head -Skull
When a piece of ice floats on water, its level -Remains the same
Nights are cool when -The nights are clear and the days are cloudy
Who discovered the steam engine -James Watt
Who invented Telephone -Graham Bell
Who discovered X-rays -Roentgen
Who discovered Radium -Marie Curie
Who discovered Penicillin -Alexander Fleming
Who discovered the cure for rabies -Louis Pasteur
The inventor of Television is -J. L. Baird
Phosphorus is a -Non -metal
A plant with green leaves placed in red light with apprear -Black
Light from the sun reaches us in nearly -8 Minute
The Common refrigerant used in domestic refrigerator is -Freon /ammonia
A Fuse wire is characterized by -high resistance and how melting point
Which metal is commonly used as an electromagnet -Iron
When ice melts in the beaker of water, the level of water in the beaker with -remain the same
The dynamo converts- electrical energy into mechanical energy
The oil in the wick of an oil lamp rises up due to -capillary action
The flying of birds is a proof of Newton’s -first law
When milk is churned cream gets separated due to -centrifugal
A red light used in traffic signal because -It has longest wavelength and can be easily noticed from a long distance
The most convenient color combination that can be used for vehicle running day and night is -red and green
Metals are good Conductor of electricity because -they contains free electron
The phenomenon of total internal reflection may occur when light is passing from -glass to air
The velocity of sound is maximum in -a solid
The mirage is seen in the hot desert because -the density of layer of air increase with altitude
The best conductor of heat among liquid is -mercury
Sound of frequency below 20Hz are called -Infrasonics
A man standing at the finish line is recording the time of a race competition by means of a stop watch. He must start the watch when -He sees flash of light coming from starting gun
If a shell from a canon bursts in the air, the total kinetic energy -increase
The pitch of sound is measured by its -frequency
Alternating current is converted to direct current by a -rectifier
When iron and wood are exposed to sunlight, the iron rod become hot quickly because of -the greater thermal conductivity of iron
In diesel engines, ignition takes place by -Compression
Cloudy nights are warmer because -Clouds prevent radiation of heat from the ground into the air
A electric bulb produce a loud sound when broken because -the air rushes into partial vaccum in the bulb
What is the approximate velocity of sound in air -800m/s.
In deserts, clouds do not precipitate because of -low humidity.
The ink of a pen leaks out in an aeroplane because -pressure of ink inside is more than the ambient pressure
Coating of iron with zinc is known as -Galvanization
A piece of rock was brought from moon to earth, then -Its weight alone changed
Which of the following is not a primary colour -Black
Which falls down faster in a vacuum -All with fall down at same speed in a vacuum because there will be no air resistance.
Atmospheric pressure is measured by using an instrument call a/an -barometer
The process of transfer of heat by matter but without actual movement of particle then selves is called -Conduction
In an electric kettle water becomes hot by -Convection
Tea will cool most easily in a -Metal cup
The source of solar energy is -Nuclear fusion
A radar that detect the presence of an enemy aircraft uses -Radio waves
Light year is a unit of -Distance
What is normal temp, of a human body -370 c
A Celsius and a Fahrenheit thermometer give the same reading at a particular temp. - -400C
In which atmospheric layer are the communication satellites located ? -Ionosphere
In an earthen pot , cooling of water depends upon the -All the above
A fuse wire used to -Prevent an unduly high electric current from passing through a circuit
The nucleus of an atom consists of -Proton + electron
What happen if water is cooled from 80C to 0C ? -its volume decrease up to 40C and then Increase
Which of the following is a good conductor of heat but bad conductor of electricity -Mica
A sudden fall in a barometer reading indicates -Storm
Sound travel with a different speed in different media. In what order does the velocity of sound increase in these media ? -Air, water and iron
Which part of the sun is visible during total solar eclipse ? -Corona
When a pencil is partly immersed in water in a beaker and held in a slanting position, the immersed portion appears -Bent towards the water surface
The three primary colour are -Blue, green, and red
Which part of a camera is analogous to the retina in the human eye ? -Film
When a person walking in bring sunlight enter a dark room, he is not able to see clearly for a little while because -the iris unable to dilate the pupil immediately
In electric fittings, the wires are earthed because -In case of a short circuit, current passes to the earth.
To an astronaut, the outer space appears -Black
Which of the following metal is used in aircraft ? -Palladium
A transformer is used to -Increase of decrease AC voltage
The element used in an electric filament is -Tungsten
The sky is blue in colour due to -dispersion
When a ship floats on water -The mass of water displaced is equal to the mass of the ship
The S. I

English IDIOMS, PHRASES,SYNONYMS,ANTONYAMS

ANTONYAMS
Cold Hot Live Die Lead follow employ dismiss
Dry wet Long Short Land water liberty slavery
Love Hate Like Dislike Bow stern think guess
Question Answer Gay Grave Stationary moving work rest
Asleep Awake Rejoice Mourn Dynamic static worker drone
Front Back Pleasant Disagreeable centrifugal centripetal familiar strange
Joy Sorrow Success Failure oriental occidental freedom captivity
Begin Cease Harmony Discord miser spendthrift extravagance thrift
Find Lose Blessing Curse sober intoxicated sacred profane
Friend Enemy Generous Mean spacious limited virtue vice
Dead Alive Velour Cowardice future past wisdom folly
Busy Idle Bravery Cowardice abundance scarcity polite rude
Sweet Sour Advance Retreat common rare proper common
Bright dull Arrive Depart simply complex Attack Defend barren fruitful agree contradict saint sinner height dept
True False Before After ally enemy bashful bold quick slow Engage Dismiss flow ebb indolent diligence
Start finish Appear Vanish teach learn inhale exhale
Ugly beautiful Everywhere Nowhere natural artificial expand contract
Near far Earth Sea polite saucy victor vanquished
Kind cruel Hill Valley summit base antecedent consequent
Empty full Mountain Plain apex base eager reluctant
Ever never Right Left cloudy clear order chaos
Bless curse Public Private dawn duck certain doubt
Adult child Acute Obtuse ascend descend venial unpardonable
North south Lazy Industrious vacant occupied rigid flexible
Absent present Master Servant hope despair novice veteran
Poor rich Arrive Depart interior exterior industry sloth
Right wrong Remember Forget permanent temporary accelerate retard
Win lose Appoint Dismiss obey command benevolent malevolent
Peace war Knowledge Ignorance negative positive compulsory voluntary
Rough `smooth Placid ruddy conceal reveal analysis synthesis
Coarse fine Raw cooked hide show surplus deficit
Top bottom Help hinder singular plural prosperous indigent
Buy sell Accept refuse foreign native consent dissent
Life death Robust feeble smile frown include exclude
Proud humble Good bad multiply divide transverse longitudinal
Easy difficult Big small wax wane attract distract
Cheap dear Clever stupid prosperity adversity amateur professional
Inside outside Here there victory defeat confine release
Give take first last superior inferior orthodox heterodox
Hit miss early late level steep pure adulterated
Wide narrow fat thin liquid solid lovely repulsive
Loud soft join separate pardon punish graceful hideous
Clean dirty light dark complainant defendant pugnacious peaceful
Weep laugh Day night debtor creditor hostile friendly
Collect disperse Many few rural urban gentile Jew
Youth age All none emigrant immigrant monotony variety
Modern ancient often seldom optimist pessimist survive succumb
Former latter fresh stale sincere insincere prospective retrospective
Least greatest straight crooked numerous sparse premature overdue
Slender stout Weak strong transparent opaque caution recklessness
East west Deep shallow pedestrian passenger force compel
High low Open close powerful feeble colleague antagonist
Upper lower Black white guilty innocent prudence indiscretion
Higher lower praise blame heaven hell motionless agitated
Better worse This that heroic base accurate inaccurate
Entrance exit These those ancestor progeny Indigenous Exotic
Active passive Morning evening assemble disperse Apprehend Release
Noise silence Summer winter condemn exonerate Gaiety Melancholy
Quiet noisy Young old slim stout Solitary Populous
Inner outer Giant dwarf minimum maximum Sparse Populated
Lend borrow Wild tam arrival departure Predecessor Successor
Go come Gain loss reward punishment Confusion Orderliness
Hard soft Happy sad economy extravagance Pleasure Pain
Old new Daily nightly increase decrease Convict Acquit
Junior senior Health sickness majority minority

SYNONYMS
Adandon desert, forsake, leave fate lot, destiny, end rude insurrection, revolt
Abbreviate curtail, abridge, compress fault error, flaw, defect rule govern, manage, supervise
Abundant ample, copious, plentiful fear terror, dread safe secure, sure, locked
Adore worship, idolize fearful timid, cowardly, nervous scandal slander, calumny
Alive lively, vivacious fight battle, contest, combat scorn despise, abhor, deprecate
Ally colleague, helper, partner float glide, drift, slip see behold, perceive, view
Frank candid, open, plain Fond affectionate, loving silent reticent, tactiturn, speechless
Alms offertory, dole, gratuity Friend comrade, companion sin transgression, offence, misdemeanour
Amend improve, ameliorate frugal thrifty, sparing, economical sly wily, artful, subtle
Anxiety misgiving, foreboding, solicitude Fruitful fertile, fecund, prolific small tiny, puny, little
Assent consent, acquiesce, agree game pastime, sport, fun smooth level, evel, flat Bad evil, wicked, devilish, naughty gay merry, jolly, lively souvenir token, relic, memorial
Beautify adorn, decorate general universal, common speech oratory, rhetoric, eloquence
Beg implore, solicit, beseech genuine pure, real spread disperse, diffuse, broadcast Value esteem, worth, appreciate Victory success, triumph stranger foreigner, alien, immigrant Behaviour conduct, emeanour, deportment good just, true, virtuous striong able, sturdy, lusty
Big huge, great, large habit custom, way, usage suitable appropriate, befitting, becoming Weak feeble, frail, flimsy ugly hideous, horrid, squalid surrender yield, submit, capitulate
Blame censure, upbraid, reprove. Hateful detestable, execrable trick hoax
Blessing benediction, benison Help aid, support, assist trust rely, believe
Brave courageous, fearless, daring. High tall, lofty, elaborate try strive, essay
Bright clear, intelligent, lustrous hinder thwart, impede, obstruct Fashion custom, style, form regent viceroy, deputy, substitute Fasten bind, tether, fix Fatal deadly, mortalr
Brittle frail, fragile Home abode, dwelling, residence riot insurrection, revolt, mutiny
Disaster misfortune, calamity, adversity Obedient meek, servile, respectful Discourse lecture, sermon, exhortatio Oblation gift, offering
Busy lively, alert, nimble Infinite endless, limitless, boundless
Map plan, outline, chart
Candid frank, open, outspoken Care anxiery, solicitude Insolvent Bankrupt
Catch seize, arrest, appreshend Invasion raid, attack
Cause reason, purpose, motive Invoke call, summon Character reputation, Irritate tease, provoke
Charity benevolence, philanthrop Kind thoughtful, good, affectionate
Choose select, discriminate, differentiate Lazy slothful, idle, inert
Clever ingenious, versatile, precocious Lure coax, entice, seduce
Clothes attire, dress, garb,
Confess admit, own, acknowledge,
Constant incessant, eternal, perpetual Marry gay, jolly, jocund
Cross fretful, crusty, ill-humoured Mistake blunder, fault, error
Cruelty oppression, tyranny, persecution Motive reason, purpose
Dangerous perlous, risky, hazardous Narrate tell, say, report
Dear expensive, costly Necessary needful, requisite, essential
Decrease contract, lessen, curtail Necessity want, need
Difficult hard, involved, intricate Obey yield, submit
Malice spite, hate, rapacity

IDIOMS AND PHRASES
Above all (chiefly, mainly)
On Account of (due to, for the reason)
On no account (not for any reason)
Above board (honest, beyond reproach)
To give a good account of oneself (to act with credit to oneself)
A fidus Achates (a faithful friend)
The heel of Achilles (a week point)
An Adonis (a very handsome man)
To build castles in the air (To day dream)
To assume airs (to affect superiority)
To air one’s opinions (to give vent to one’s feeling in public)
To stand aloof (To keep to oneself and not mix with others)
To lead to the altar (to marry)
An Amazon (a warlike masculine woman)
An Ananias (a liar)
An Apollo (a man with perfect physique)
The apple of discord (cause of quarrel)
To upset the apple cart (to disturb the peace)
Apple pie order (in perfect order)
Arcadian life (a blissful ,happy , rural and simple life)
To keep a person at an arm’s length (to avoid and keep distance from a person)
To take up arms ( to fight , to go to war)
To have an axe to grind ( to have some selfish objective in view)
Not to know a B from a bull’s foot ( to be ignorant of even the simplest things)
A Babel (a confused noise)
To break the back of any thing(to perform the most difficult part of it)
To get one’s back up (to rouse one’s anger)
To backbite a person (to slander or speak ill of someone)
He has no backbone (he has no will of his own)
To cause bad blood (to cause enmity)
Bag and baggage (with all one’s belongings)
To keep the ball rolling ( to keep things going0
Baptism of fire ( a soldier’s first experience of actual war)
To call to the bar (to admit as a barrister)
Barmecide’s feast ( imaginary benefits)
To beat about the bush (to approach a matter in an indirect and round about manner)
To be dead beat (worn out by fatigue)
Bed and board (lodging and food )
As you make your bed, so must lie on it (you will have to bear the consequences of your crimes or your own mistakes or misdeeds)
To take to one’s bed (to have to be confined to bed as a result of sickness)
Bee- line (the shortest distance between two places)
To go a -begging (to be sold very cheaply because no one cares to buy)
Behind one’s back (without one’s Knowledge)
Behind the scenes (in private, out of sight)
To bell the cat (to undertake a dangerous task and the enemy is common)
To hit below the belt (to act unfairly in a contest)
His better half (a man’s wife)
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush (certainty is better then possibility)
An old bird is not to be caught with chaff (experienced people are not easily fooled or deceived)
To take the bit between one’s teeth (to get out of control)
To bite the dust (to be defeated in battle)
The biter bit (to cheat the cheater)
His bark was worse than his bite (he usually makes a lot of vain verbal threats)
A wet Blanket (a person who is a discourage)
In cold Blood (deliberately)
Blood is thicker than water (One usually takes the side of ones relation against another who is not one’s own blood)
To blow hot and cold (to do one think at one time and the opposite soon after)
A blue stocking (a learned woman)
Once in a blue moon (a very rare occurrence)
Blue ribbon (the highest prize in any sport competition)
At first Blush (at first sight)
In the same boat (in the same misfortune or circumstances)
A bolt from the blue (a sudden )
A bone of contention (a cause of dispute)
A Book-worm (a person always poring over books)
By leaps and bounds (with remarkable speed)
Breach of promise (failure to keep a promise to marry one of whom you are betrothed)
One’s bread and butter (one’s means of livelihood)
His bread is well butter (he is in fortunate circumstance)
The bread winner (one who provides the means of livelihood for himself and his family)
To Break in (to tame, to control in a gentle manner)
To break the news (to reveal something pleasant in a gentle manner)
To break the ice (to be the first to begin)
To breadth one’s last (to die)
To breadth freely again (to be no longer in a fear or anxiety)
To make bricks without straw (to attempt to do something without proper materials or due preparations)
Never cross the Bridge until you come to it (don’t anticipate difficulties
It is an broad as it is long (it is the same whichever way you view it)
To brow beat (to bully)
To kick the bucket (to die)
John bull (an Englishman)
To burry the hatchet (to forget past quarrels and be friends again)
Good wine needs no bush (there is no need to advertise something good)
To raise cain (to rebuke severely)
To take the cake (to take the first prize)
To burn the candle at both ends (to expend energy in two directions at the same time)
If the cap fits, wear it (if you think the remarks refer to you)
Capitan punishment (the death sentence or penalty)
To put the cart before the horse (to do first what ought to be done afterwards)
To let the cat out of the bag (to expose the trick)
To fight like cats and dog (to be always quarrelling and fighting)
Care killed the cat (don’t fret and worry yourself to death)
See which way the cat jumps (sit on fence)
To rain cats and dogs (to rain incessantly)
He is a cat’s paw (one used as a to something dangerous)
To Catch one’s eye (to attract attention)
To take the chair (to preside a meeting)
She is no chicken (she is older than she says)
Chicken hearted (weak, timid)
Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched (don’t calculate your gains before they are realized)
A chip of the old block (a son resembling his father in face disposition, habits etc.)
Hobson’s choice (no alterative)
To pick and choose (to make a careful selection)
Every cloud has a silver lining (adverse conditions do not last for ever)
To square the circle (to attempt something impossible)
Close fisted (mean)
To have one’s head in the cloud (to live in dreamland)
To carry coals to New castle (to do any thing superfluous)
Cut your cloth according to your cloth (live within your income)
A cock and bull story (a foolishly incredible story)
To be cock sure (to be absolutely certain)
To throw cold water upon anything (to discourage effort)
Off color (not in the usual form)
To came off with flying color (to succeed brilliantly)
To commit to memory (to learn by heart)
Too many cooks spoil the broth (when there are more worpkers than necessary)
To send to Coventry (to boycott)
An admirable Crichton (a very talented person)
Crocodile tears (hypocritical tears)
By hook or by crook (by fair or foul means)
As the crow flies (in a direct line)
To take up the cudgels (to champion or flight for someone)
To curry favour (to seek favour by flattery)
Cut and dried (ready made)
To cut a dash (to make an impression)
To be at daggers drawn (to be deadly enemies)
A dare-devil (a fearless, reckless man)
Up to date (recent, modern)
Out of date (obsolete)
Evil days (a period of misfortune)
Halcyon days (A time when there is peace and happiness in the land)
To step into dead man’s shoes (to come into an inheritance)
To give the devil his due (give a person credit for his good qualities however worthless he may be)
Go to the devil (be off)
Devil’s playthings (playing cards)
Devil’s bones (dice)
To be between the devil and the deep sea (to be faced with two dangerous situations, each of which is to be dreaded as much as the other)
To be on the horns of dilemma (to in such a position that it is difficult to decide what to do)
Give a dog a bad name and hang him (once a person loses his reputation)
To be a dog in the manger (to prevent others from using what one can’t use oneself )
Every dog has his day (sooner or later, every one has his share of good fortune)
To be in the doldrums (to be in low spirits, to be out of spirits)
Ups and downs (varying fortunes; changes and chances of life)
To throw dust in one’s eyes (to try to deceive some one )
Dutch courage (bravery induced by alcoholic liquors)
Eagle -eye (quick to discover; very discerning )
A bad egg (a worthless person)
Don’t put your eggs in one basket (Don’t stake all your money on a single industry)
A white elephant (a useless possession which is extremely expensive to keep )
At the eleventh hour (at the last moment)
To make both ends meet (to keep expenses within one’s income)
An eye for an eye(tit for tat to return evil for evil ;retaliate
Bad faith (dishonest intentions)
A breach of faith (to act contrary to what one had professed)
To fall out (to quarrel)
To fall through (fail)
Birds of a feather flock together (people of similar tastes and dis- positions crave each other’s company)
To set the Thames on fire (to do something sensational or remarkable)
A burnt child dreads the fire (one who has had a previous unpleasant experience is always scared of situations where such experience are likely to be repeated)
A fish out of water (anyone in an awkward)
Other fish to fry (more important business to attend to)
By fits and starts (spasmodically)
Foul play (cheating)
To jump from a frying pan into fire (to come out of one trouble and get into a worse)
To gain ground (to make progress in any undertaking)
To play to the gallery (to endeavour to gain cheap popularity)
To give up the ghost (to die)
Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones (people who do not live blameless lives should not find fault with others)
All that glitters is not gold (things are not always as attractive as they appears)
A good for nothing (a worth less person)
A good Samaritan (a friend in need)
A wild goose chase (a vain attempt)
To kill the goose that laid the golden egg (to lose a valuable source of income though greed)
To cut a Gordian knot (to solve a difficult problem by adopting bold and drastic measures)
From hand to hand (from one person to another)
Hard and fast rules (strict rules)
Hard to hearing (almost deaf )
Back in harness (to resume work after a holiday)
To die in harness (to continue at one’s occupation until death)
More haste less speed (work done hurriedly is apt to be badly done)
Make hay while the sun shines (take advantage of all opportunities)
To be in hot water (to be in trouble or difficulty)
To eat an humble pie (to submit oneself to humiliation and insult)
To kiss the book (to take an oath in a produce or commodities)
To kiss the dust (to be defeated in battle)
A laconic speech (a concise)
To look to one’s laurels (to take care not to lose one’s place)
To win laurels (to gain distinction or glory in s contest)
To smell of the lamp (to show signs of strenuous preparation for an examination or a speech etc)
Look before you leap (think before action)
To stand on one’s own legs (to depend entirely on one’s own resources)
To give the lie to (to prove to be false)
To bring to light (to reveal)
A Lilliputian (a pygmy)
The lion’s share (the largest part)
Lock, stock and barrel (the whole of everything)
A Martinet (a very strict disciplinarian)
A miss is as good as a mile (comes nowhere near it)
To move heaven and earth (to exert all efforts)
To hit the nail on the head (to mention the true facts of a case)
A stitch in time saves nine (If we give our attention to the little details of life)
In a nutshell (Summed up in a few words)
Out of temper (angry)
To pick to pieces (to analyses critically)
The proof of the pudding is in eating (people are judged by their actions)
To put down a person (to degrade or humiliate a person)
To make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear (to attempt to accomplish great things with inferior materials)
Pyrrhic victory (a victory that is as costly as defeat)
To be like a drowned rat (to be soaking wet)
Red flag (the symbol of revolution)
To be caught red-handed (to be caught in the very act of committing a crime)
Red letter-day (a memorable day)
Red tape (a team used to describe the delay in attending to matters in government department because the official routine and formality)
Rome was not built in a day (it takes time to accomplish anything really worthwhile)
To be between Scylla and Charybdis (to be faced with two dangerous alternatives)
To see daylight (to begin to understand)
A close shave (a narrow escape)
A skeleton in the cupboard / the family skeleton (a dreadful domestic secret)
By the skin of the teeth (very narrowly)
A snake in the grass (an enemy who strikes under cover)
A Spartan life (a life of extreme self discipline)
To call a spade a spade (to be brutally frank)
A rolling stone gathers no moss (unstable people never achieve anything worthwhile)
One swallow does not make a summer (it is unreliable to base one’s conclusions on only a single test or incident)
Empty vessels make the most noise (those who know or have little knowledge often shout the loudest)
If wishes were horses, beggars might ride (if all people’s wishes came true every body would be rich)
A nine days’ wonder (an event which relates a sensation for a time but is soon forgotten)
Yellow press (newspapers which publish sensational and unscrupulous stories about crime, sex etc.)
PROVERBS
A bad beginnings makes a bed ending.
A bad excuse is better than none at all.
A bad husband cannot be a good man.
A beggar can never be bankrupt.
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
A burnt child dreads fire.
A cat may look at a king.
A cheerful look makes a dish a feast.
A cheerful wife is the joy of life.
A clear conscience is a coat of mail.
A drowning man will catch at a straw.
A drunkard’s purse is a bottle.
A fault confessed is half redressed.
A fool and his money are soon parted.
A fool may give a wise man counsel.
A fool may make money, but it takes a wise man to spend it.
A friend in need a friend indeed.
A friend is easier lost than found.
A friend’s frown is better than a fool’s smile.
A full purse makes the mouth to speak
A good dog deserves A good bone.
A good husband makes a good wife.
A good man is better than riches.
A good name is sooner lost than won.
A great talker is a great liar.
·26 A guilty conscience needs no accuser.

A wise man changes his mind sometimes, a fool never.
A wonder lasts nine days.
A word to the wise is enough.
Absence makes the heart grow founder.
Action speaks louder than words.
Advice when most needed is least heeded.
After a storm comes a calm.
All covet, all lose.
All that glitters is not gold.
All work and not play makes Jack a dull boy.
All play and no work makes Jack a mere toy.
A rolling stone gather no moss.
A rose between two thorns.
A short cut is often a wrong cut.
A switch in time saves nine.
A thing begun is half done.
All’s fair in love and war.
All’s fish that comes to his net.
All’s well that ends well.
Among the blind the one -eyed man is king
A miss is as good as a mile.
A penny for your thoughts.
A pound of the care won’t pay an ounce of debt.
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A man is as old as he feels.
A man’s house is his castle.
An army marches on its stomach.
An empty bag will not stand upright
A hungry man is an angry man.
An idle brain is the devil’s workshop.
A man in debt is caught in a net.
A heavy purse makes a light heart.
An old bird is not to be caught with chaff

CSR NOTES

Monday, March 3, 2008

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE II

General Knowledge Questions

Fundaments rights: There are six fundaments rights.
1. Right to equality before law 2. Right to freedom 3. Right to freedom of religion 4. Right against exploitation 5. Right to constitution remedies 6.Culture and educational right
Right to property contained in fundamental right has been repealed by constitution by 44th amendment in
1978.
Fundamental duties: 10 fundamental duties have been taken in constitution with the 42nd amendment act. In 1976.
President Qualification: 1. Must be citizen of India 2. Must have completed the age of 35. 3. Must be qualified for election as a member of Lok-Sabha. 4. Must not hold any office of profit under the Govt. of India or Govt. of any state or under any local authority
An elected member of both houses of Parliament elects the President of India indirectly & elected member of legislature assembly of state in accordance of system proportion represent by mean of single Tran sable Vote.
Salary: Salary is Rs.50, 000 month & others allowance.
Time Period: Office hold for five years.
Powers: Chief Justice of India makes him to take the Oath of secrecy. If he is the resign, he must handover his resignation to vice president. He is the supreme commander of defence forces. He can declare war and make peace. He appoints governors, chief Justice, and judges of Supreme Court, Judges of High Court. Any bill passed by parliament gets OK. He can nominate 12 members to the Rajya-Sabha. He can nominated 2 Anglo Indian member to Lok-Sabha & order of fresh election. He can grant, pardon, & remit punishment. He can suspend entire constitution or some article under emergency conditions.
Rajya-Sabha: It is permanent body of terms 6 years. It should not have more than 250 members. 238 elected, 12 nominated by president, every member must be Indian. He should not below the age 30. 1/3 of the members retired every second year. The vice president is chairman of Rajya-Sabha. MLA of state assembly Elect its members.
Lok-Sabha: It should not have more than 550 members. The member must be elected directly by the peoples. Each member must be citizen of India. He must not below 25 years of age. Each member must represent 5 Lac Citizen. The members of the house elect the speaker & deputy speaker from among them self. The speaker Act. As Chair Man.
Supreme court: It is the highest court of. It should not have more than 25 judges & single Chief Justice. Judge holds office for 65 years. The president appoints the Judges with the consolation of Chief Justice. After retirement no Judge can practice in any court.
Salaries of Some important persons:
Vice President - 40,000
Governor - 36,000
Chief Justice of Supreme Court - 33,000
Other Judges of Supreme Court - 30,000
Chief Justice of High Court - 30,000
Other Judges of High Court - 26,000
M.P of states - 12,000
Union Service Public Commission: The C.M and other member of the union service public commission are appointed by the president they hold the office for the term of six years from the date of appointment or the age of 65 years. The main function of the commission is to conduct Exams. & Hold interviews for the making appointments for various services of union.
Attorney General of India: The President of India appoints a person who is qualified for the Judge court to be the attorney general of India for expert legal advice to the government of India. He is to perform also other duties of legal character and such other function as may be assigned to him by the president under the constitution
Comptroller Auditor General of India: The president appoints him to perform all duties and exercise power in constitution with the accounts with the union and the state. His main duty to keep a vigilant watch on the fiancés of union and the states to submit repots to the president or governor and to ensure that money is voted by the legislature are spent under appropriate heads and they are not exceeding and varied
State Legislature: Every state has a Legislature. Some states have two houses. One is Legislatures assembly is called Vidhan-Sabha and the other is called legislature Council is called Vidhan-Parishad.
Note: Two Houses are in 5 states 1. Maharashtra 2. Karnataka 3. Bihar 4. U.P 5. J & K
Vidhan-Sabha: One member represent 75,000 people in Legislature
- Maximum Number of members - 500
- Minimum Numbers of members - 60
Vidhan-Parishad: Maximum Strength of this council must not be more than 1\3 of total no. Of members of legislature assembly. But is not be less than 40.
Emergency; there are 3 types of emergencies.1. National emergency; [Art 352] provides for emergency due to war internal or armed rebellion. During the national emergency fundamental rights under Art 99 can be suspended. Right to move the court can also be suspended. But Art 21 protection of life and liberty can’t be suspended. It has been declared thrice.
Presidential rules: [Art 356] provider for president’s rules due to failure of the constitution machinery in the state. This is also known as state emergency. It has been declared 100 or more times.
Financial emergency: [Art 360] Provides for financial emergency if there is threat to the financial stability or credit of India. It has been declared never.
Official languages: 18 languages in the 8th schedule. They include Nepali, Manipuri, Conconi, which was added by the 70th amendments the official language of Supreme Court is English. Constitution provides that Hindi in Devnagri. Script shall be the official language of union
Amendments: [Art368] provides for amending the constitution .42nd amendment [1976] declare that there is no limit on the power of parliament. To amend any provision of the constitution no court can question the validity of any such amendment 42nd amendment is also called mini constitution. It adds the words (1) socialism, (2) secularism, (3) integrity .it is also introduce fundamental duties directive principal of state policy is in the amendment
1st amendment: 1951
44th amendment: 1978 it omitted right is property as a fundamental right made it only a legal right.
61st amendment: [art 326] amendment to reduce the voting age form 21st to 18th years.
65th amendment: [1990] it establishes a national commission for SC/ST.
73rd amendment: [1992] provides constitution status to Panchayati-Raj added the 11th schedule.
74th amendment: [1992] provide constitution status to municipal govt. and added the 12th schedule.
90th amendment: [2001] limit of 50%job reservation for SC/ST /BC in the union govt. is removed .
93rd amendment: [2001] right of literacy is fundamental right.
Special status to J and K: [art 370] of the constitution deals with J and K the status of J and K enjoy a special status with in the Indian union. It is the only state possessing a separate constitution.
Election commission: art 324 of constitution provides for as election commission, which shall consist of a chief election commission and such other E.C as a president, may fix from time to time.
Function of commission: 1. Preparing for electoral roles. 2. Super vision, direction control of election to parliament & state legislature. 3. Reorganization of political parties & allotment of symbols to them. 4. Conducting election to office of the president & the vise president. 5. The chief election commission is independent of executive control of service are provided in the constitution.
Review of the Constitution: After 50 years in the working of constitution of Government of India set up the commission on 23rd Feb. 2000. Under the chairmanship of chief justice M. N. Venkatachliah. The commission submit his report on 31st March 2002
Quorum: It is a minimum numbers of members of a legislature that must be present to make the proceeding valid. This is equal to 1/10 of the total number of members.
Question House: The first house of every sitting in the Lok-Sabha & Rajya-Sabha is meant for Question. This question relates to the matter of administration, problem of country & the matter is bought to the notice to the ministers.
Zero Hour: The Zero hour falls after the question hour in the house. The hour leads loss of time of parliament because of subjective matter is raised without prior permission.
Republic :It is a republican country because the head of the country (President) is also elected.
§ None can punish twice for same offence under art 2(2)
§ No one will be compelled to be witness against himself art20 (3)
§ Directive principles are inspired by the constitution of Ireland.
§ A money bill shall are introduced only in the house of people (Lok-Sabha).
§ All disputes relating to the electing of president & vice president decided by Supreme Court.
§ Vice president addresses his resignation to president.
§ The council of ministers collectively responsible to the Lok-Sabha.
§ Advocate the governor appoints general.
§ A Member of Parliament or state legislature cannot be arrested civil action within a period of 40 days before & after the session.
§ By convention deputy speaker is a member of party in opposition.
§ Whether a bill a money bill or not is decided by speaker of Lok-Sabha.
§ Who administer oath of office to the governor- chief justice of state high court
§ President through Lt. Governor administrates U.T.
§ 1/3seates are reserved in all Panchayat at all level for woman.
§ No. of article at the time of constitution is 398,$10schedule.
§ At present No. Of art.- 444.
National law: Is the law administrated by military authority
Preamble: Sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, republic.

Liberty – Of thought, expression, faith, belief, worship, equality of status of opportunity and to promote among all.
Fraternity: Assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and the integrity of the nation.

Books and their authors:
1. Anand math – Bankim Chander Chatterji
2. Arthashastra-Kautilya
3. Ainiakbari, akbarnamah-Abul fazal
4. Bhagwat geeta, Mahabhart-Rishi Ved Vayas
5. Discovery of India - Jawaharlal Nehru
6. Geetanjali- Dr. Rabindra Nath Tagore
7. The Guide- R.K.Narayan
8. The Hindu Views of life – Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
9. India Wins Freedom – Maulana Abdul Kalam
10. Hamlet – Shakespeare
11. Kadambari – Banabhatta
12. Mein Kamph – Adolf Hitler
13. Meghdoot, Shakuntla – Kalidas
14. The Experiment With Truth – Gandhi
15. Wealth of Nation – Adam Smith (Father of Economics)
Popular Names: -
Grand Old Man of India – Dada Bhai Naro Ji
Iron Man of India – Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
Guru Ji – M.S. Golwalker
Guru Dev – Rabindra Nath Tagore
Desh Bandhu – C. R. Das
Lok Maneya – Bal Gangadhar Tilk
Bapu – Mahatma Gandhi
Chacha Ji – Jawahar Lal Nehru
Neta Ji – Subhash Chander Boss
10.Lion of Punjab – Lala Laj Patrai
11.Man of Blood & Iron – Prince Bishumark
12. Father of English Poetry – Geoffery Chaucer
13. Father of Computer – Charles Babbage
14. Nightingale of India – Sarojini Naidu
15. Lal, Bal, Pal, - Lala Laj Patrai, Bal Gangadhar Tilk, Vipin
Chander Pal,
Geographical Sir Names: -
City of Seven Hills – Roam
Blue Mountain – Nilgiri Hills
City of Palaces – Kolkata
Pink City – Jaipur
China’s Sorrow – Hwang Ho
Cock Pit of Europe – Belgium
Dark Continent – Africa
Gift of Nile – Egypt
Gate Way of India – Mumbai
10.Holly Land – Jerusalem
11.Land of midnight sun – Norway
12. Land of Thousands Lakes – Fin Land
13.Land of elephants – Siam (Thai Land)
14. Playground of Europe – Switzerland
15. Roof of the World – Pamirs in Central Asia
16. Sick man of Europe – Turkey
Instrument Measurement
Barometer Atmospheric pressure
anemometer Wind wage
odometer Speed
Scale Length
Balance Mass
Rain gauge Rain
Sphygmomanometer Blood pressure
Hydrometer Humidity
Ammeter Current
10. Screw Gauge Thickness
11.Seismograph Earth Quakes
12. Taseometer Strain

Quantity Unit

Length Meter
Mass Kilo Gram
Force Newton
Energy Joule
Resistance Ohm
Volume Liter
Angle Radian
Power Watt
Potential Volt
10.Work Joule
Discoveries of Important Vaccinations: -
Small Pox – Edward Jenner (1786)
Cholera – Lewis Pasture (1880)
Rabbis – Lewis Pasture (1860)
Diphtheria – Emil Adolf Von (1891)
Tetanus – Emil Adolf Von (1891)
T.B. – Leon Calmette (1922)
Polio – John – E – Salk (1954)
Missile & Ranges: -
Agni – (1500-2000 Km.)
New Agni – (3000 Km.)
Prithvi – (150 – 200 Km.)
Akash – (25 Km.)
Nag – (4 Km.)
Trishul – (500 Km.)
There are six kind of Noble prizes :-
Physics 2. Peace 3. Literature
4. Chemistry 5. Medicine 6. Economics
Country Symbol: -
1.India – Royal Bengal Tiger
Canada – Maple Leaf
USA – Bald Eagle
Colombia – Orchid
Spain – Red Carnation
Russia – Blown Bear
Japan – Cherry Blossom
Den Mark – Beech Tree
South Africa – Blue Crane
10.Greece – Olive Branch
11.China – Dragon
12.Argentina – Leiko (Flower)
13.Bugaria – Lion
14.England – Rose
15.Wales – Leek, Dragon
16.Scotland – Thistle
17.Turky – Tulip
18.Australia – Golden Wattle Flower
19.Irland – Shamrock
About India: -
Area – 3287263 Square. Km.
Union Territory – 7
Largest State in Population – U.P
Highest Density in Population – West Bengal
Lowest Per Capita Income – Bihar
Highest Per Capita Income – Punjab
Largest State in Area – Rajasthan
First State to Achieve total Literacy – Kerla
Minimum Population – Sikkim
10.Frist state to achieve nearly 100% rural electricity – Haryana
11.Minimum Area of State – Goa
12.Recoginse Languages – 22
13.People Below Poverty Line – 19%
14.Major Export – Tea
15.Modern Tank – Arjuna
16.Hieghest Population City – Mumbai

English Letter and More

1.THE DIAMOND NEKLACE

— This lesson is based on the theme that those who have over ambitions are punished by fate.life is very strange.A little thing is needed to run or ruin human beings.Chance plays a very important role in human life.To every climax there is an anti-climax.Women love jewellery.They think that it adds to their charm.They do not hesitate in borrowing jewellery.Some times their habbit to borrow the jewwelery creats problems to them.
In the lesson Mathilde loisel was born in a poor family.She was very charming.But she had to marry a clerk.So she was unhappy. She was very proud to her beauty.She was very ambitious girl.She always dreamt about wealth and pleasures.
Mathild was an unlucky woman.She borrowed a necklace to wear in a party.But she lost it in the party.She had to spend 36,000 frances to replace it.She had to lower her standard of living to return the money.She and her husband had to work hard to repay the borrowed money.She was shocked to find that the borrowed necklace was made of artificial diamonds.
Mathilde was a brave girl.To pay off the debt,she had to face many difficulties but she did not lose heart.
2.THE LOST CHILD
—This lesson is based on the working of the mind of a child lost in a village fair.This shows the great love of a child for his father and mother.A child by nature wishes to poises every beautiful,attractive and strange thing when he was ih the company of his parents.But when he is lost,nothing interests or attract him.

MONDAY MORNING
This lesson is based on the theme that young school going boys do not like to go to school on Monday after enjoying a holiday of Sunday. They make lame excuse to avoid school.
In this lesson- Tom is a young school going boy. He, his brother Sid and his sister Marry all live with their Aunt Polly. Like all schoolboys, he does not like to go to school after Sunday. For him going to school is like going to jail. He makes lame excuse to avoid going to school. First he cries due to toothache. He wakes up Sid and tell him that he is going to die. Sid gets frightened. He brings Aunt Polly to do something for Tom. Aunt Polly knows the tricks of Tom. She makes the arrangement to pull out his aching tooth. Tom gets frightened. He gets ready to go to school.
SWAMI AND HIS FATHER
This lesson is based on the theme that young school going boys do not like to study during their vacations. They get angry when someone asks them to study. For them holidays mean only enjoyment. They want to play in the company of their friends.
Swami is a young school going boy. He does not like to study during the summer vacations. He wants to roam with Rajan and Mani. He gets angry when his father ask him
to study. Swami has a revengeful nature, when his father tells him to bring a piece of cloth to dust the books. He pulls the cloth from under the baby for taking revenge from his mother. He is very weak in Arithmetic when his father asks him to solve this sum. He cannot solve this sum. He wants to know if the mangoes are ripe or unripe. This silly question makes us laugh.
ALL ABOUT A DOG
This lesson is based on the theme that are different types of rules. Some are hard and fast which cannot be broken until the risk of life, like the rules of traffics. But there are some other rules which may apply or not as the circumstances may be. The rule of carrying dogs in buses is of this type. These types of rules should follow in spirit and not in letter.
In this lesson a bus conductor is used the rules to troubling his passengers. He can easily allow the lady to travel in his bus with her dog. But he orders the lady to go on the top of bus in a cold bitterly night. It is very difficult for a lady to go on the top of a bus in a cold bitterly night. The writer advises him to mix up a little good temper and goodwill with the rules.
TREASURE FROM THE DEEP-
This lesson deals with the profession of pearl fishing. There are two types of men, thin and fat. The thin men are the divers and the fat men are the rope puller. The thin men must keep their body in fine shape and not to get more food. So they eat little and chew their food very slowly. Their work is very hard. They have to dive into the water about 160 times daily. But the fat men eat a great deal o meal. They need the great strength of muscles. The lives of the divers depend upon the strength of the rope puller. The thin men get the best treatment, but the rope pullers are ignored.
MAORI VILLAGES-
This lesson deals with the life style of Maori people. They are the natives of New-Zealand. They live in villages. They use wooden houses to live, because there is danger of earthquakes and a wood house cause less damage while falling than brick houses. The men do the harder job like cultivation while women do the household work. There are many hot pools in Maori villages. These hot pools are very useful for them. People use these pools for washing, bathing and cooking. For cooking the food they put their eatables in a bag of flux and place. It into the hot pools after a short while it becomes ready to eat. Some hot pools have medicinal properties. People came from far to cure their Skin diseases by bathing in these pools. The Maoris are religious minded people. They often go to church. In this way Maori way of life is very interesting.
THE PENGUINS
This lesson is based on the theme that nature has a rich variety of birds and animals. Penguins are strange Sea birds. They cannot fly. Their wings are small and stiff. They use their wings as paddles while swimming. Their legs are short and thick and are set very far back. Therefore they can walk only in an upright position. They feed on fish, weed and other creatures in sea. They breed on the lonely Island of the Southern seas. They carry their eggs in small pockets near their tails between the legs, to keep them warm. Their behavior and appearance are very amusing. The Penguins have the qualities of fish, animal and bird.
AL FRED NOBEL-
This essay is based on the theme that a man with genius may not get praise from his own countrymen. A very intelligent man may have in his own country.
Alfred Nobel was born on 21st Oct 1833 in Stockholm. His father was an engineer who invented the under water mines. Nobel invented dynamite. This dynamite begin to be used by arms producers. Politicians, Industrialists and the press bitterly criticized him for adding to the horrors of war. This criticism was unfair and unjustified. Nobel’s inventions were also useful for works of peace. They were used in road building, mining and construction of tunnels.
Alfred Nobel is best known through the Nobel prizes which are awarded every year. The awards were first given in 1904. Five prizes are given every year, three to those who have made outstanding contribution to Physics, Chemistry and medicine. One award is a literary award. Another award is given to a person who has done most to promote the friendship of Nations.
THE EASTER EGG-
This lesson is based on the theme that children fell excited when they receive any gift from their elders. They want to show the gift to their friends and classmates. They want to share their happiness with others.
In this lesson Susan is a young school going girl. She is a loveable child. She receives a gift from her godmother. She feels excited and she gets her mother’s permission to invite some girls on tea. She wants to share her happiness by showing the gift to her friends. Susan is a brave girl, while going to school, she is feeling great. She reaches school late. But she bears the punishment with braveness. In the excitement she invite the whole school to her home. Her mother scolds her to invite so many girls, because it is very difficult to serve tea to so many girls. In the excitement she even forgets to show her gift to the girls.
ON PATROL-
This lesson is based on the theme that a man who has a very high opinion of him-self often comes to grief.
In this lesson Johnson was a proud and boastful Journalist. He has a very high opinion of himself. He thinks that he knows everything about Jungle Patrol. He was very Stubborn. The army commander told him about the difficulties in the Jungle Patrol but he does not take any attention to it. He boasts that he knows a lot about Jungle Patrol, but actually army men befool him. He is loaded with heavy equipments. Johnson is a big bore. He bores the army men by his endless talking. He has to suffer for his talkativeness. In the end he is flown away to a military hospital. He is made the victim of a practical.
COLUMBUS SAILS-
This lesson is based on the idea that he who seeks, finds. A man with strong will can always-faced difficulties. A person with adventureours spirit never loses his heart. He always tries his bests to achieve his target.
Columbus was the man of strong will. He discovered America. He was born in 1457 in Genoa. His father was a weaver. Columbus was a brave adventurer. He had to face many difficulties and challenges during his voyage. Columbus was a very tactful. The sailors in his ship refused to go forward because they have not seen any sign of land for more than a month. He got their acceptance for another three days. But before the time limit they sighted land and Columbus was able to go further. Columbus was rewarded by luck.
FIGHTING THE INVISIBLE-
This lesson is based on the idea that Science is a great bless as well as a great healer of disease with the help of Science. We are able to cure from dreadful disease like rabies. Louis, Pasteur was the first person who discovered the curing for rabies. He became very famous for his discovery. He was a great achiever. He found preventing against anthrax and silk worms. He helped mankind by many ways. He also found the way for preventing the purity of milk, wine and other liquids. Pasteur faced many dangers during his discoveries. It was very dangerous to get some saliva from a mad dog’s mouth. Pasteur was a great seeker of knowledge. He always tried to get more and more knowledge. Due to his discoveries and knowledge he is a world famous scientist.
OPERATION INDIAN OCEAN-
This lesson is based on the theme that everything is possible for a man with strong will, man with an adventurous spirit can do extra ordinary things. Such person is become an example for another. He is not bothered by difficulties.
The story of Mihir Sen. is an example of courage and braveness. He becomes a proof for the world that Indian can do every difficult and challengeful deed. To swim, the palk straits, the straits of Gibraltar were the great challengers for the world. But Mihir Sen of India had swum the palk straits and straits of Gibraltar. He was the first Indian to have swum the straits of the 50-mile long Panama canal. The purpose of Mihir Sen behind this to encourage the youth of India to do some extra ordinary things. We can learn a lot from his fine and great achievement.
Character Sketch Of Mihir Sen.- Mihir Sen is a famous swimmer of India. He was born in 1930 at Purulia in Bengal. He is a barrister at the Kolkata High Court. He is married and has four children. He has been interested in swimming since his boyhood. He is a man of determination. When he was a student in England, he tried to swim the English Channel many times. But he did not succeed. However, he did not lose the heart. In 1958 he become the first Indian to swim the English Channel.

IMPORTANT LETTERS-
1.Write a letter to your father giving him an account of the prize distribution function of your school.
Examination Hall,
Dec 31st 2007,
Respected Father,
In this letter I am giving you an account of the Prize distribution function of our college held on 25th Dec. The Education Minister presided over the function. The Principal and other teaching staff received him at the college gate. The function began with the National Anthem. The principal spoke a few words to welcome the guests and the President. Then the principal read out the college report. Then the principal requested the president to give away the prizes. I was also one of the prizewinners. After giving away the prizes, the president made a short speech. He congratulated the prizewinners. He advised the student to work hard. In the end, the principal thanked the president and the function was over. Tea was served to the guests and the prizewinners.
Regards to dear mother and love for Christ.
Yours affectionately,
Name …… 2.Write a letter of sympathy to a friend who has failed in the Matriculation Examination.
A-2/344, Janta Nagar,
Dhuri,
Dec 31st 2007.
Dear Christ,
The result of the matriculation Examination is out today. I am shocked not to find your roll number among the successful candidates in the result Gazette. Your failure quite unexpected.
I deeply sympathize with you. You are an intelligent and hardworking boy. You have always shown keen interest in your studies. It is only a bad luck that you have failed in the examination. Anyhow you should take your failure as a stepping-stone to your success. I am sure you will get good marks next year.
With deepest sympathy,
Your’s sincerely,
Name ……
3.Complaning against postman-
13, Janta Nagar,
Dhuri,
Feb.1st 2008,
To
The Postmaster,
General Post Office,
Dhuri.
Sir,
With due respect, I regret to bring to your kind notice that the postman Sh. Ram Singh of my street is both rude and irregular. He is very careless and does not do his duty honestly. He often comes late. Some-times he does not come at all.
I have put up a letterbox on the outer wall of my house. The letterbox bears my name. The letterbox bears my name. The postman does not put my letters in the letterbox. He gives them to the children playing in the street. Thus many of my important letters are lost. I have requested him many times to do his duty properly. But my repeated requests have not made any desired effect to him.
I request you to look into the matter and warn the postman to be careful in future.
Your’s faithfully,
Christ.
4.Unfair Means in the examination
Knowledge Foundation,
Dhuri,
March 24th 2008.
To
The Editor,
The Tribune,
Chandigarh.
Sir,
I shall be very thankful to you if you kindly publish following views about the growing use of unfair means in the examination.
The use of unfair means has become the order of the day. Examinations are no more a true test of the ability of the students. Those who doesn’t careful about their studies and miss classes pass the examination with high marks by using unfair means.
The use of unfair means can be checked by changing the format of the question paper questions should be set from the entire syllabus. Students should be kept busy for all the three hours. Expected and important questions should not be set. Teachers and supervisors who help the students in the examination should be punished.
Your’s Faithfully,
Name ……
5.Letter About Home News-
13, Janta Nagar,
Dhuri,
Jan.28 2008.
Respected Father,
I received your letter yesterday. We are glad to read that you reached Delhi safely. Many things have happened in your absence.
A few days ago Uncle Ramesh visited us. He stayed for a day and then left for Shimla. He missed you badly.
My first quarterly examination started yesterday. I have fared well in English. I am preparing for Economics test. I have received Christ’s report card from typhoid. There is nothing worry about it.
Mother had recovered from typhoid. There is nothing worry about it.
Everyone at home is waiting for your return. Please write about your future programme.
With Regards,
Your’s affectionately,
Name ……
6. Inviting a friend on your Birthday Party-
A-2, Janta Nagar,
Dhuri,
Jan 1st 2008.
Dear Sanjeev-
My birthday falls on Jan 13th 2008. I am inviting all my friends and relatives on this occasion. My parents are celebrating it with great enthusiasm. It will give me a chance to meet my old friends. Father has promised to get me a birthday cake. A photographer will also be there. I am giving a grand party on this occasion. The party will be held at 3 o’clock in the evening. I invite you to attend this party.
I have made many new friends in my college. It will be a time to laugh and dance together. We will also hear some sweet songs, from you. Please come prepared. I hope you won’t disappoint me.
With Love,
Yours sincerely,
Name ……
7. In-sanitary Condition
Dashmesh Nagar,
Dhuri,
Jan 1st 2008.
To
The President,
Municipal Committee,
Sangrur
Sir,
Through this letter, I beg to bring to your kind notice the in-sanitary condition of my street.
It is the dirtiest street. Heaps of rubbish lies here and there in it. Flies swarm over them. The drains always remain dirty. They give out a bad smell. Mosquitoes breed on them. They spread Malaria.
The sweeper does not come up for many days together. I have requested him many times to do his duty regularly. But my repeated requested have not made any effect on him. I request you to visit to the street and see things for yourself. I hope you will look into the matter and set the things right.
Yours Faithfully,
Name ……
8.Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper complaining against the use of loudspeaker at night.
15, Model Town,
Chandigarh,
Jan 1st 2008.
To
The Editor,
The Tribune,
Chandigarh.
Sir,
I shall be very thankful to you if you publish following lines in your esteemed paper.
The loudspeaker, like most of the inventions of science, is both a blessing and a curse. It is useful at a public meeting. But it use at night, and early in the morning is in tolerable. Some people and institutions use loudspeakers at night as well as in the early hours of morning. They make it difficult for one to study or to do any serious work. The examinations are fast approaching. It will be greatly appreciated if the Government bans the use of loudspeakers after 8:30 pm.
Yours Faithfully,
Name ……
9. Dowry System-
To
The Editor,
The Tribune,
Chandigarh.
Sir,
I shall be very thankful to you if you kindly publish my views about custom on your esteemed paper.
The dowry system has become a curse for our society. A girl will never get a status equal to that of a boy as long as the dowry system prevails. The parents of the groom demand rich dowry from the bride’s parents. They fell they have spent a lot of money on their son; they want to get their money. The girl’s parent can’t pay that heavy amount. Many girls remain un-married and many girl are teased by their in laws for bringing less dowry. Sometimes the girls burn themselves or are burnt. All this is a blot on the fair name of our society.
I fell that this evil custom should be ended through social rather than legal sanctions. More and more girls should be educated. Young boys and girls in universities and colleges should take a pledge that no dowry will be involved in their marriage. This will solve the dowry problem.
Yours Truly,
Name ……
10. Write a letter to your mother about hostel life-
Guru Gobind Hostel,
Amritsar,
Jan 1st 2008.
My dear father,
In this letter I am giving you an account about my hostel life.
Life at hostel is regulated at levels right from getting up in morning to going to bed at night. We work according to the fixed schedule time. The first bell rings at 5 am and every student, gets out of their bed. They are soon absorbed in their studies. The ringing of the bell announces the time for breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner. The last bell rings at 10:30 pm and lights are switched off and every student goes to sleep. This is bringing regularity and punctuality in my life.
Life at hostel is an education in itself. There are students from different sections of society. Life at hostel is enjoyable. We do not fell bored for a moment.
Yours Sincerely,
11.To the Editor against Wreck less Driving.
A-2/244 Janta Nagar,
Dhuri,
Chandigarh.
To
The Editor,
The Tribune,
Chandigarh.
Sir,
I shall be very thankful to you if you kindly publish following lines in your esteemed paper. I want to draw the attention of the authorities concerned toward wreck less driving in my city.
The roads of my city are quite wide. There are least chances of accidents to take place. But these facts encourage wreck less driving. Motor drivers drive at a very high speed. Young college boys drive vehicles at top speed. They neither care for their own lives nor for the others. This creates danger to children, women and old men who can not cross the roads quickly. The rash driving is responsible for serious accident, which take place everybody.
The authorities should limit the speed of the vehicles in the city. The offenders of traffic rules should be punished by low.
Your Faithfully,
Name ……

QUESTION-ANSWER-
Q-What according to the author is more astonishing the absent mindedness or the efficiency of the human mind?
Ans-The efficiency of the human mind is more astonishing.
Q-In what sense was the baby also born on installments?
Ans-The fee of the doctor attending on Jill for delivery is paid in installments. It is in this sense that the baby was also born on installments.
Q-What happened at the critical moment when Uncle Podger leaned over the chair?
A-He lost his balance and fell on the piano. A fine musical effect was produced.
Q-How did Professor Ambrik Singh bring about the reconciliation?
A-He handles the greedy husband very clearly. He told him that he would marry his wife to better husband. This made him jealous. He agreed to take his wife back.
Q-What did the professor Ambrik Singh observe when his driver was examining the engine of car?
A-The professor saw a young man and young woman on a cycle. The young woman sat on the bar in front.
Q-How far according to Gandhiji, is the teacher responsible for the errors of his pupils?
A-A teacher is responsible for the errors of his students to some extent because they have been put under his charge.
Q-What arguments does Gandhiji give in favor of letting good boys mix with bad ones?
A-The association with bad boys will be a good displine for bad boys. They will learn to know the difference between good and bad. The good boys may also influence the bad boys.
Q-How did he make the wrong doers at the Ashram realize their faults?
A-He made the wrong doers relies their faults to penance himself.
Q-Why did Gandhiji dislike the idea of corprolor physical punishment?
A-Gandhiji thought that it was brutal and violent. He believed in correcting the students without using violence.
Q- How did Gandhiji want to train his boys at the Tolstoy’s home?
A-He wanted to train his boys mentally as well as spiritually.
Q-Where did Jonas find the Tank?
A-Jonas found the tank by the roadside. It lay there in the tall grass.
Q-How did Jonas and Cora converts the tank into their living place?
A-They first swept the inside. They covered the walls with tarpaper and cardboard. Jonas also made a door for the tank. Cora made a curtain for the window. They built a fireplace inside.
Q-Why could Cora not go high up on the side of the mountain?
A-Because Cora was pregnant. It was neither safe nor easy for her to reach such a high place.
Q-What happened when the policeman came?
A-The policeman pulled down the tank and threw away all their things. Policeman warned them that they would send to jail if they use the tank again.
Q-What outward differences between the Tamil and the Parthian can be mentioned to show the diversity of India?
A-The diversity can be seen in their physical appearances, food, clothing and language.
Q- What kind of unity does Nehru see among the people of India?
A-There are certain moral and mental qualities which are common to all Indians. It shows itself in their way of living.
Q-How has people of other countries looked upon the visiting Indians?
A-Indians visiting foreign countries are looked upon as for foreigners. An Indian Christian visiting a Christian country is looked upon as an Indian. An Indian Muslim country is also regarded as a foreigner.
Q- What trouble Mathilde Loisel?
A-Mathilde Loisel was a charming young girl but she was born and married in the families of clerks. She was not happy with her life.
Q-Why did she refuse to go the party?
A-She had no good dress to wear on the party. So he refused to go to party.
Q- What did she do at the party?
A-She danced at the party. She was drunk with joy. All the officials of the ministry wished to dance with her.
Q-What did they notice after she and her husband had returned from the party?
A-They noticed that they had lost the borrowed necklace.
Q-How did they manage to return the necklace?
A-They purchased a similar necklace for thirty six thousand francs. They borrowed the money on high interest.
Q-What request did the child make to his parents and what results?
A-He demanded a toy, some sweets, a garland and a balloon. His parents rejected his request.
Q-Why did the people trust Dr. Raman so much?
A-Dr. Raman was very frank and efficient. He never gave false hopes to anyone. His opinion is highly valued.
Q-What saved Gopal?
A-Dr. Raman’s word saved Gopal. Dr. Raman assured Gopal that he would recover.

MATCH THE WORDS-
Vacant-Empty. Oppurnity-Chance Intended-Meant.
Shivered-Trembled Cultivate-Develop Haul-Pull.
Erect-Straight Obliged-Compelled Hymn-holy song.
Hostess-Woman who looks after guests Perilous-Dangerous.
Apathy-Indifferent Demonstrated-Shown Terrified-Filled with fear.
Endure-Bear Purity-Cleanse Preserve-Save for the future.
Cremate-Burn Indicate-Show Literally-Word forward sense.
Unexpectedly-Without Hope Chill-Cold.
Pompous-Full of self-importance Insistence-Demanding compelling attention.
Exasperate-Irritate Erect-Upright Stiff- Hard.
Erected-Hoped Offer-Proposal Merely -Only.
Cease-Stop Inhabited-Occupied Stretched-Extended.
Shyly-Slowly Racing-Running Miserable-Wretched
Captivity-Imprisonment Goodwill-Kind feeling Necessary-Essential
Relief-Comfort Atlas-A book of map Fraction-Small part.
Revered-Respected.
CHANGE INTO COMPLEX SENTENCES
1.The Maoris don’t seem to think so- It seems that Maoris do not think so.
2.No ailment was found and he investigated again-He invested again as no ailment found.
3.Take the dog out or bus doesn’t go-If the dog is not taken out this bus does not go.
4.Mihir Sen. was heart broken. But he pressed on-Although being heart broken Mihir Sen pressed on.
5. I don’t see anything harmful in it-I don’t see in it anything, which is harmful.
6.He walked the room and took on of the Servant tubes-After he had walked across the room; he took one of the several tubes.
7. The bus stopped, two women and a man got in together –When the bus stopped, two women and a man got together
8.His mouth began to water at the thought of mangoes – His mouth began to water when he thought of mangoes
9. The beating was painful to him and he carried out of-He carried out because the beating was painful to him.
10.I like doing a little job of this sort-I like doing a little job that is of this sort.
11.They injected dogs with fourteen dogs old medulla-they injected dogs with medulla, which was fourteen days old.
12.The lady felt giddy and sank down on the floor-The lady sank down oh the floor as she felt giddy.
13.I looked at the pulpit made of finely carved wood-I looked at the pulpit which made of finely carved wood.
14.They reached the top and looked for the lost man-They looked for the lost after they had reached the top.
15.The groans ceased and the pain vanished-The grains ceased when the pain had vanished
16.I like doing a sum of this type-I like doing a sum, which is of this type.
17.This was the opportunity to earn some sympathy-This was the opportunity which could earn some sympathy.
18.Hearing his words, we felt ashamed-When we heard his words, we get ashamed.
19.The conductor came in and took the fair-When the conductor came in, he took the fairs.
20.She has been a symbol of India’s age long culture- She has been a symbol of India’s culture which is age long.
21.There are not many men killed by sharks-There are not many men who are killed by sharks.
22.I later found it wanting in accuracy-I later found that it was waiting in accuracy.
23.It was decided to stop making mines-It was decided that they should stop making mines.
24 It seemed all set for an early landing-It seemed that all was set for an early landing.
25.They sat on their short legs- they sat on their legs, which are very short.
26.I can offer you no other guarantee-I can offer you nothing which may be called another guarantee.
27.Swaminathan felt utterly helpless-Swami Nathan felt that he was utterly helpless.
28.The Maoris are the natives of New Zealand-The Maoris are the people who live in New Zealand.
29.No aliment was found and he invested again-He invested again as no ailment was found.
30.I do not expect to see him back here- I don’t expect that I shall see him back here.
31.By wandering he will die of sun store- He will die of sun stroke if he keeps on wandering.

UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION

UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION
Origin-UN charter was signed by 50 members on June 26,1945.It officially came into existence on October 24,1945.
UN Charter-The Charter is the Constitution of the UNO and contains its aims and objectives and rules and regulations for its functioning.
Aims and Objectives: They are security, welfare and human rights.
Headquarters-New York.
Flag-The flag is light blue in colour,and emblazoned in white: in its center is the UN symbol-a polar map of world embraced by twin olive branches open at the top.
Official Languages-The official languages of the UN are:English,French,Chinese,Russian,Arabic and Spanish.However,working languages are English and French only.
Main Organs of the UNO:There are six main organs:
1.General Assembly 2.Security Council 3.Economics and Social Council.
4.Trusteeship Council 5.International Court Of Justice,and 6.Sacretariat.
Present Membership: At present 192 countries are members of the UNO.Montenegro is the latest entrant ti this world organization.
Secretary General of the U.N.O-
1.Trygve lie -Norway(1946-53) 2.Dog Hammarsk-Joled – Sweden(1953-61)
3.U.Thant-Myanmar(1961-71) 4.Kurt Waldheim-Austria(1972-81) 5.Javier Perez de Cuellar-Peru(1982-91)6..Cuellar-Peru(1982-91)
7.Dr.Boutros Ghali-Egypt(1992-96)8.Kofi Annan-Ghanna(1997-2006)
9.Ban Ki-moon-South Korea(2007 till date).
Budget of the U.N.O.-The expenses of the U.N.O.are borne by the following countries in given rations.-
1.America-31.91% 2.Russia-14.92% 3.England-7.21% 4.France-6.9%
5.China-5.75% 6.Canada-3.25% 7.India-1.85% 8.Others-29.02%
Years Observed by United Nations Organization-
1967-International Tourism Year 1970:International Education Year.
1968-Human Rights Year 1972-International Book Year
1973-Copernicus Year 1974-World Population Year.
1975-International Woman’s Year 1979-International Year of the child.
1981-International Year of Disabled 1983-World Communication Year.
1985-International Youth Year 1986-International Year of Peace.
1987-International Year of shelter for the homeless 1990-International Literacy Day. 1992-International Space Year. 1993-International Year for world’s Indigenous People 1994-International Year of Family 1995-International Year of Tolerance.
1996-International Year for Eradication of poverty.
1998-Humah Rights Year 2000-Year of the Culture of Peace.
2001-International Year of Voluhteer 2002-International Year of Ecotourism
2003-International Year of Fresh Water.2004-International Rice Year.
2005-International Year of Sports and Physical Education.
2006-International Year of Deserts and Desertification.
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation-SAARC-The first South Asian Summit held in Dhaka(Bangladesh)in December 1985,Culminated in the formation of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation.It has eight member States viz. India,Bangladesh,Pakistan,Sri Lanka,Bhutan,Nepal,Maldives and Afghanistan.The charter of SAARC provides annual meetings of the Heads of States and Governments and a six monthly meeting of a Council of Ministers,which is the organisation’s highest policy making body.A permanent Secretariat of the SAARC has been set up at Kathmandu in Nepal.
SAARC Historic Annual Summit-
1st –1985(7-8 Dec.)-Dhaka(Bangladesh) 2nd –1986(16-17 Nov.)-New Delhi(India).
3rd –1987(2-4 Nov.)-Kathmandu(Nepal) 4th –1988(29-31 Dec.)-Islamabad(Pakistan)
5th –1990(22-23 nov.)- Male(Maldives) 6th –1991(21 Dec.)-Colambo(Sri Lanka)
7th –1993(10-11 Apr.)-Dhaka(Bangladesh)8th –1995(3-4 May)-New Delhi(India)
9th –1997(12-14 May)-Male(Maldives) 10th 1999(29-31 July)-Kathmandu(Nepal)
11th 2002(4-6 Jan.)-Colomboo(Sri Lanka) 12th –2004(4-6 Jan)-Islamabad(Pakistan)
13th 2005(12-13 Nov.)-Dhaka(Bangladesh)14th 2007-(3-4 Apr.)-New Delhi(India).
N.B.-The tenth meeting secheduled to be held in Kathmandu in 1999,could not be held.
Famous International Organisations,Headquarters and Year Of Establishment- 1.United Nations Organisation(U.N.O.)-New York-1945.
2.International Monetary Fund(I.M.F.)-Washigton-1945.
3.World Health Organisation(W.H.O.)-Geneva-1948.
4.Food & Agriculture Organisation(F.A.O.)-Rome-1943.
5.International Labour Organisation(I.L.O.)-Geneva-1948.
6.UNESCO-Paris-1946. 7.International Court of Justice-The Huge-
8.Universal Postal Union(UPU)-Beme-1874.
9.International Civil Aviation Organisation(ICAO)-Montreal-1947.
10.UNIDO-Vienna-1967. 11.International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)-Vienna-1967.
12.International Finance Cooperation(IFC)-Washigton-1956.
13.United Nations Development Programme(UNDP)-New York-
14.UNICEF-New York-1946. 15.Arab League-Tunis-1945. 16.International Maritime Organisation(IMO)-London-1948.
17.World Meterorological Organisation(WMO)-Geneva-1961.
18.International Telecommunication Union(ITU)-Geneva-1947.
19.Common Wealth of Nations-London-1931.
20.World Trade Organigation(WTO)-Geneva-1995.
21.International Development Association(IDA)-Washigton D.C.-1960.
22.International Bank for Reconstruction and Development(IBRD)-WashigtonD.C.-1946.
23.World Intellectual Property Organisation(WIPO)-Geneva-1967.
24.Organisation of Islamic Conference(OIC)-Mecca(Saudi Arabia)-1971.
25.European Economic Community(EEC)-Geneva-1957.
26.Red Cross-Geneva-1863. 27.Interpol-Paris-1923.
28.Asian Development Bank(ADB)-Manila-1966.
29.North Atlantic Treaty Organisation(NATO)-Brussels-1949.
30.Association of South East Asian Nations(ASEAN)_Jakarta-1967.
Other Important Alliances/Bodies of the World.
Commonwealth of Nationas:It is an important international body founded by great Britain in 1931.It is a free Association of 53 sovereign independent States formerely under British rule.Important countries are:U.K.,Canada,Australia,New Zealand,India,Bangladesh and Pakistan.Head quarters:London.
European Union(E.U.):It is the new name of European Economic Community(EEC) or European Common Market(ECM).Now a union of 27 European Nations.Members are:France,Germany,the Netherlands,Belgium,Italy,Luxembourg,Britian,Ireland,Dehmark,Greece,Spain,Portugal,Austria,Finland,Sweden,Cyprus,Czech Republic,Estonia,Hungary,Latvia,Lithuania,Malta,Poland,Slovakia,Slovania,Romania and Bulgaria.It is world’s biggest and richest bloc.
Interpol:Established in 1923,it is the popular name of the International Crimical Police Organisation(ICPO).Its headquarter is in Paris.It has got 176 members countries.
International Red Cross-Two International Organisations are known respectively as International Committee of the Red Cross Societies,both with headquarters in Geneva,Switzerland.The first of these is a wholly International agency unconnected with any national society,and attempts to maintain the basic Red Cross principals of Geneva Convention;the second agency is a federation of autonomous national Red Cross Societies designed to further co-operation among them.
Amnesty International:World wide human right organization.The organization established on 28th May 1961,it won the nobel Prize for Peace on 1977.Headquarters in London.
World Trade Organisation(W.T.O.):The new World Trade Organisation,which replaces the General Areement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT),came into effect from January 1,1995 with the backing of at least 85 founding members,including India.The WTO now comes as the third economic pillar of worldwide dimensions along with the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.
Non-Aligned movement(NAM)-It is a group of 118 countries mostly developing.The prinicipals of non-alignment were defined in the Bandung(Indonesia).Declaration of 1956 by Jawaharlal Nehru,J.B.Tito and Game Abdil Nasser.The first NAM Conference was held at Belgrade in 1961.The last NAM Conference was held at Havana,Cuba in September,2006.
ASEAN(Association of South East Asian Nation-1967)-Indonesia,Malaysia,Singapore,Thailand,Brunai,Philippines,Vietnam,Combodia,Laos,and Myanmar are its members.Headquarters:Jakarta(Indonesia).
North Allantic Treaty Organisation(NATO)-The treaty was signed at Washigton on April 4,1949,by the Foreign Ministers of Belgium,Canada,Denmark,France,Iceland,Italy,Luxembourg,the Netherlands,Normay,Portugal,UK and USA.Greece,Turkey,German Federal Republic,Spain joined later.Poland,Hungary and Czeth Republic were admitted on March 19,1999.Romania,Bulgaria,Slovakia,Lithuania,Slovenia,Latvia and Estonia joined NATO on April 2,2004.Headquarters:Brussels(Belgium).
IMPORTANT CITIES,PLACES,BUILDINGS OF THE WORLD-
Angkor Vat-It is a large group of old Hindu temples in Cambodia;a remnant of the Khmer civilization.The temples were constructed in the first half of the 12th century.
Big Ben-A clock on the tower of the British Parliament building,installed in 1856.
Bethlehem-A town in Jordan;birth place of Christ;a place of pilgrimage
Cape Canaveral-Situated in Florida(U.S.A.).it is America’s spaceship launching centre.Formerly it was known as Cape Kennedy.
Eiffel Tower:A tower in Paris(985 ft. high);the principal landmark of the coty;designed by a French Engineer for the Paris Exposition 1889.
Fleet Street-A street in London,where offices of newspapers are situated.
Golden Gate Bridge(U.S.A.)-One of the world’s longest suspension bridges,built in 1933-37 across the entrance(Golden Gate)of San Francisco bay in California.It has a length of 9266 ft.
Harappa-Situated near Montgomery(Pakistan) .The famous ruins throw light on 5000-year-old Indus Valley Civilisation.
Hiroshima-A city in Japan;it was the target of the first atom bomb ever dropped on a city (by U.S.A. on August 6,1945):casualities numbered nearly 1,30,000 and ninety percent of the city was leveled.
India Office Library(London)-A museum of Indian historical works,collected by the British.The library consists of about 3,00,000 books,a large number of manuscripts in Sanskrit,Urdu,Perisan and Arabic.
Kabba:The inner shrine of the great Mosque at Mecca in Saudi Arabia.It is the most sacred place.Muslims face the Kabba when praying.
Karakoram Highway-It is a 800km all weather road linking border of China’s Sinkiang province with Pakistan.
Leaning Tower of Pisa:A white marble monument (179feet high)built in the 14th Century in Italy.It is inclined to one side.
Mohenjodro-Situated in the Larkana District of Sind(Pakistan);ancient ruins throw light on 5,000-year-old Indus Valley Civilisation.
Oval,Leeds and Lords(England):Famous for cricket matches.
Panama Canal-Canal connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.The canal is 50 miles long and has 12 locks.It was opened to traffic in August,1914.The canal is administered by the USA.
Penta gon(Washington,USA):IT isa five-sided building housing the US Defence Department offices.
Taipei-101:It is a 101 storeyed structure built in Taipai(Taiwan)having a height of 508 meter.It is now the highest structure of the world replacing the Petronas towers of Malaysia.
Pyraminds:Gigantic stone buildings built by the ancident Egyptians in 2700 B.C,;among the seven wonders of the world.The great pyramids were tombs for the pharaohs and other important people.
Scotland Yard-Headquarters of the criminal Investigation Department ih London.t is known all over world for efficient working.
Andhuste(England):Famous military training institution.
Sphinx:Mythical beast of ancident Egypt;usually represented in art as having a human head and the body of a lion.Thf most famous one is the great Sphinx,a colossal stone figure at Gizah built in the 26th Century BC.
Stonehenge-Prehistoric monument near Salisbury,England built in between 1800 B.C.and 1500 B.C.
Suez Canal-This canal is an important link between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.It is about 160km long and was construted in 1869 by a French Engineer.It has shortened the distance between Southampton(England)and Bombay(Now Mumbai)by about 4,000 miles.The canal was nationalized by Col.Nasser on July 26,1956.Port Said is the famous port at the ehtry from Mediterranean Sea.
Vatican:Official residence of the pope(in Rome).The smallest country.It enjoys a separate entiry in the world.(Area 109 acres).
Wall Street(New York)-Famous stock exchange market.
Civil Aviation-Some famous International Airpots-
1.India-Netajee Subhash Airpot(Kolkata),Meenambakkam Aorpot(Chennai),Chhatrapati Shivajee Airpot(Mumbai),Indira Gandhi International Airpot(Delhi),Thiruvananthapuram Airpot(Kerala),Rajasansi Airpot(Amritsar),Devanahali Airpot(Banglore).
2.France-Charles de Gaulle(Paris).
3.Britain-Heathrow(London).
4.America-J.F.Kennedy Airpot(New York)
5.China-Peking(Beijing).
6.Pakistan-Karachi,Lahore.
7.Canada-Montreal.
8.Denmark-Costupe,Copenhagen Narita and Heneda,Tokyo.
9.Sweden-Stockholm.
10.Singapore-Singapore.
11.Sri Lanka-Colombo.
12.Taiwan-Taipei.
Famous International Air Services-
1.Air India-India. 2.British Overseas-Britain. 3.Japan Airlines –Japan. 4.Airways Corporation Trans World Airlines-America.5.Malaysia Airlines-Malaysia.
6.Pakistan International Airlines-Pakistan. 7.Royal Nepal Airlines-Nepal.
8.Swiss Airways-Switzerland 9.Air France-France. 10.Kuwait Airways-Kuwait.
11.Pan American World Airways-America. 12.K.L.M.Royal Airlines-The Netherlands(Holland) 13.Lufthansa Airlines-Germany. 14.Iraqi Airways-Iraq.
15.National Airlines-Iran. 16.Quantas Airlines-Australia 17.Sewa-Bangladesh.
18.Hong Kong Airlines-Hong-Kong. 19.Egypt Airlines-Egypth. 20.S.I.A.-Singapore.
21.Slovak Airlines-Slovakia. 22.Bangladesh Viman Sewa-Bangladesh.
23.Garuda Airways-Indonesia. 24.Air Lanka-Sri Lanka. 25.Air Canada-Canada.
26.Elitalia Airlines-Italy.
Famous Religions,Founders,Holy Books&Places of Worship-
1.Hinduism-Hinduism has no one Founder.(This religion is based upon the religion of original Aryan Settlers)-Ramayan,Vedas,Puranas and Geeta-Temple.
2.Sikh-Guru Nanak Dev-Guru Granth Sahib-Gurudwara.
3.Christianity-Jesus Christ-Bible-Church.
4.Islam-Prophet Mohammed-Koran(Quran)-Mosque.
5.Parsi-Zoroaster-Zend Avesta-Fire Temple.
6.Buddhism-Gautam Budda-Tripitaka-Budha Temple.
7.Jew-Moosa-Torah-Synagogue.
Principal Ten Language of the World(No. of speakers in Millions)-
1.Mandarian-1075-China. 2.English-514-Britain,Australia.
3.Hindi-496-India. 4.Spanish-425-Spain.
5.Russian-275-Russia. 6.Arabic-256-Central East.
7.Bengali-215-India,Bangladesh 8.Portuguese -194-Portugal.
9.Malay(Indonesia)-176-Malaysia. 10.French-129-France,Switzerland.
Intellengce Agencies of Some Prominent Countries.-
1.India-Research and Analysis Wing(RAW),Intellengce Bureau (I.B.),Central Bureau of Investigation (C.B.I.).
2.Pakistan-Inter Service Intelligence(I.S.I.)
3.U.S.A.-Central Intellegence Agency,Federal Bureau of Investigation.
4.Britain-Military Intelligence (M.I.)-5 and 6,Special Branch,Ultra,Joint Intelligence Organisation.
5.Israel-Mosad. 6.Egypt-Mukhabarat 7.Japan-Nicho.
8.Russia-K.G.B.(Komitel Gosudars-tvennoy Bezopasnosty) (Committee for State Security) 9.Canada-Security Intellegence Service.
10.S.Africa-Bureau of State Security 11.Australia-Australian Secuirty and Intelligence Organisation. 12.Iran-Sabak. 13.Iraq-Al-Mukhabarat.
14.France-S.D.E.C.E. 15.Spain-C.E.S.I.D. 16.Cuba-D.G.I.
Some Prominent Races of the World –
1.Veddas-Sri Lanka. 2.Somaid-West Sibera 3.Masai-East-Africa.
4..Muree-New Zealand. 5.Yakoot-Russian Tundra. 6.Papuans-New Guyana.
7.Pygmy-Congo Basin. 8.Bantu-Central And South Africa
9.Tartars-Siberia. 10.Baddu-Arab’s Desert. 11.Semang-Malaysia.
12.Lapps-European Tundra. 13.Eskimo-Canada,Tundra Region.
14.Hausa-Nigeria. 15.Kirhiz-Stepps(Russia). 16.Bushman-Kalahari Desert.
17.Red Indian-North America.
The Solar System: Some Facts.
Number of Plantes-8-Mercury, Venus,Earth,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus and Neptune.
Largest Most- 1.Massive planet-Jupiter. 2.Brightest plant-Venus.
3.Brightest star-Sirius. 4.Fastest orbiting planet-Mercury. 5.Longest(Syndics)day-Mercury. 6.Most moons-Jupiter-39.
7.Planet with largest moon-Jupiter. 8.Greatest average density-Jupiter.
9.Tallest mountain-Earth. 10.Strongest magnetic fields-Jupiter.
11.Most circular orbit-Venus. 12.Shortest (syndics)day-Jupiter.
13.Hottest planet-Venus. 14.No moons-Mercury, Venus.
15.Planet with moon with most eccehtric orbit-Neptune.
16.Lowest average density-Saturn. 16.Deepest Oceans-Jupiter.
17.Greatest amount of liquid on the surface-Earth.
Solar Statistics .
Distance from the Earth-149.8 Absolute Visual Maghitude-4.75
Diameter-1,384,000 Core Temperature-15000000
Photosphere Temperature:5770K Rotation as seen from the Earth-25.38days.
Rotation as seen from Earth(near the poles)33 days. Age-About 4.5 billion years.
Chemical Composition-Hydrogen 71%,Helium 26.5% other elements 2.5%
Expected lifetime of a normal star-Abound 10 billion years.
Longest Rivers
1.Nile-Africa-6650 2.Amazon Mississippi-Missouri-S.America-6437.
3.Yangtze-Kiang-China-4344. 4.Lena-Russia-4400.
5.Niger-Africa-4180. 6.Murray-Darling-Australia-3780.
7.Volga-Russia-3690. 8.St.Lawrence Canada(USA)-4023.
9.Orinoco-S.America-2575. 10.Danube-Europe-2850 11.Indus-Asia-2900.
Largest Deserts of the World.
1.Subtrophical-Sahara,North Africa-9,064,650 Kalahari,Southern Africa-582,727sq.km. Thar,Indian/Pakistan Great Sandy-453,232sq.km, Australia-388,485sq.km.
2.Cool Coastal-Atacama,Chile S.A.-139,854sq.km.
3.Cool Winter-Gobi,China Colorado,Western USA-336,687sq.km. (also called the painted desert)
ATMOSPHERE_Composition of Gases in Atmosphere.
Nitrogen-78.03% Oxygen-20.99% Argon-0.93%
Carbon dioxide-0.03% Hydrogen-0.01% Neon-0.0018%
Helium-0.0005% Crypton-0.0001% Xenon-0.000,005%
Ozone-0.000,0001%
Types of World Agriculture.
Viticulture:The cultivation of the vine for production of grapes and wine.
Pisciculture:The breeding,rearing and transplation of fish by artifical means.
Sericulture-The raising of silk worms for the production of raw silk.
Horticulture:To grow flower front,vegetables on small plots.
Apiculture:Bee keeping on a commercial scale for the sale of honey.
Floriculture:The cultivation of flowers or flowering plants.
Mariculture:Sea farming,or the cultivation of marine plants and animals for commercial purposes.
Olericulture-The cultivation of vegetables and kitchen herbs.

World PARLIAMENTS

NAMES OF PARLIAMENTS
USA-Congress, Senate (Upper house) House of representatives (Lower House)
UK-Parliament: House of commans (Lower house) House of lords (Upper House)
China- National people’s Congress GERMANY-Bundestag (Lower house) Bundesrat (Upper House) Iran- Majlis ISRAEL-Knesset,
JAPAN-Diet
NEPAL-National Panchayat, NETHERLANDS-The States General
NORWAY-Storting, KOREA, NORTH-Supreme People’s Assembly
AFGANISTAN-Shora, DENMARK-Folketing, POLAND – Sejm
RUSSIA- Duma, SWITZERLAND – Federal Assembly

IMPORTANT BOUNDARY LINES
Durand Lines – between India and Afghanistan
Mac. Mohan line – between India and China
Red Cliffe Line – between India and Pakistan
Maginet Line – between France and Germany
Hidenburg Line – between Poland and Germany
38th Parallel – between North Korea and South Korea
49th Parellel - between USA and Canada

WORLD FAMOUS OFFICAL BOOK
1. White Paper – India 2. Blue Book – Britain
3. White Book – Portugal, China, Germany 4.Yellow Book – France
5. Grey Book – Japan and Belgium 6. Orange Book - Netherlands
NOBEL PRIZES –The honour of winning the Nobel Prizes go to the following 7 Indians:

NAME
FIELD YEAR
1. Rabindar Nath Tagore Literature 1913
2. C. V. Raman Physics 1930
3. Hargobind Khurana Medicine 1968
4. Mother Teresa Peace 1979
5. S. Chandrashekhar Physics 1986.
6. Prof. Amaritya Sen Economics 1998
7. V. S. Naipaul Literature 2001
NEW NAME OF COUNTRIES / CITIES

New Name Old Name
Bangladesh East Pakistan
Beijing Peking
Cape Kennedy Cape Canaveral
Ghana Gold Coast
Ho Chi Minh city Saigon
Indonesia Dutch East India
Iran Persia
Iraq Mesopotamia
Istanbul Constant In Pole
Myanmar Burma
Malaysia Malaya
Namibia South West Africa
The Netherlands Holland
Some Important Knowledge
1.International Court of Justice has its headquarters at-The Hague.
2.The General Assembly of UNO meets regularly-Once a year.
3.The head quarters of the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC)are at-Vienna.
4.Which of the following organs of the UN has the basic responsibility for the maintenace of peace and security-Security Council.
5.Who amongst the following UN Secretary Generals,was killed in an air-crash-Dag Hammarskjoeld.
6.The headquarters of SAARC are located in which city?-Kathmandu.
7.The headquarters of International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA) are located in-Vienna.

8.India become a member of United Nations in-1945.
9.The group of 77 is a/an-Economic group.
10.What is the Commonwealth of Independence Staates(CIS)-Group of 12 former republics of dissolved USSR.
11.What does BIMSTEC stand for-Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Secrtoral Technical and Economic Conference.
12.The headquarters of the Organisation of Peteroleum Exporting Countries are at-Vienna.
13.Presently known as the European Union ,the EEC was established in –1960.
14.India become a member of the United Nations-1945.
15.Where are the headquarters of European Union located-Brussels.
16.Who is the chairman of the UN Human Rights Commission-Najat Ai-Hajjaji.
17.Who is the President of the International Olympic Committee?-Jacques Rogge.
18.Which day is observed as the Commonwealth Day by member countries?-24th May.
19.Admission of States to the membership of the UN is made by-Two-thirds majority of the General Assembly members present and voting on the recommendation of the Security Council.
20.The noemal term of office of the UN Secretary-General is-5 years.
21.All of the following countries are permanent members of the UN security council,expect-Canada.
22.The number of permanent members of UN Security Council is-5.
23.The total number of members of UN Security Council is-15.
24.The General Assembly meets regularly-Once a year.
25.Which of the following UN agencies has its headquarters in Paris-UNESCO.
26.To which country does the present UN Secretary-General belong-Ghana.
27.To which country did the first Secretary-General if the UN belong-Norway.
28.Which of the following statements in regard to the UN Security Council is not correct?-The Presidency of the Council is alternated on a monthly basis confined to the permanent members.
29.Which of the following organs of the UN has the basis responsibility for the maintenance of peace and Security?-Security Council.
30.The number of principal organs of the United Nations-6.
31.Of the various agencies related to the United Nations,the one that has been in existence for the longest period is-Universal Postal Union.]
32.The only Indian woman who become President of the World Health Organisation so far is/was-Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur.
33.The normal term of office for which thf President and Vice president of the International Court of Justice are elected is-3 years.
34.The term office of a judge of the International Court of Justice is –9 years.
35.Thr headquarters of the International Court of Justice-The Hague.
36.Which of the following countries is not a permanent member of the UN Secuirty Council-Germany.
37.The total number of judges of the International Court of Justice is –15.
38.The Director-General of the World Health Organisation is-Jong-wook Lee.
39.Who is the President of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development?-Paul Wolfowitz.
40.The Director General of UNESCO is-Koichiro Matsuura.
41.Who among the following is the President of International Court of Justice-Gilbert Guillaume.
42.The headquarters of a few agencies related to the UN are located in Vienna,which is an-Austria.
43.Which one of the following principal organs of the UN specifically works on economics,social,cultural and humanitarian problems?-Economics and Social Council.
44.East Timor,Which became the 191st member of the U.N. is in the contient of-Asia.
45.The International Crimical Police Organisation has its headquarters at-Paris.
46.The headquarters of the Warsaw Treaty Organisation were at-Moscow.
47.The Warsaw Treaty Organisation which was created on May14,1955,had its member nations from-Erswhile Siviet bloc of countries.
48.What does NATO stand for-North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.
49.The Treaty which ushered in NATO,was signed by the member-nations at-Washigton.
50.The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation was created in-1949.
51.The secretary-General is required to submit an annual report on the work of the UN to-The General Assembly.
52.When was the International Monetary Fund established?-1945.
53.All of the following organizations have their headquarters at Geneva,expect-Food and Agricultural Organisation.
54.Which of the following countries is not a member of the United Nations-Taiwan.
55.The UN charter was ratified in 1945 by-29 Nations.
56.Which of the following organizations is,among other things,concerned with human rights and freedoms without distinction of race,sex,language,or religion-UNESCO.
57.Under article 61 of the UN charter,the membership of the Economic and Social Council was increased in which of the following years from 27 to 54-1973.
58.In which of the following years,the membership of the Security Council was increased from 11 to 15-1965.
59.The first meeting of the UN General Assembly was held in which of the following cities?-London.
60.In which year a resolution ‘Uniting for Peace’was adopted by UN General Assembly?-1950

TEACHING POTTENTIAL II

TEACHING POTTENTIAL
Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti was registered as a society on –15 August 1950
Who was the Chairman of the first Indian Education Commission –Sir John Hunter
Who organizes the National Talent Search Competitive Test –N.C.E.R.T.
When was Central Advisory Board of Education set up –1956
Navodaya Vidyalayas have been set up –In Rural Areas
The programme Gyan Vani is broadcasted by –AIR
When was N.C.E.R.T. Established –2nd Oct. 1971
In 1936-37 who submitted the report on technical Education –Abbot
Who conducts the admission test for Novdaya Vidyalayas –N.C.E.R.T.
Who was the chairperson of Wardha Scheme –Zakir Hussain
National law school of India is situated at –Bangalor
A.I.C.T.E. stands for –All India Council of Technical Education
In which year University Grants Commission Act was passed –1956 A.D.
The central Institude of Indian Languages is located at –Mysore
Which Organization was established during Bengal Partition –National Council of Education
Which was the first University to be opened in Britishers time ? –Calcutta University
To whom did Lord Macaulay present the famous Macaulay’s minute ? –Lord Bentinck
In which year C.B.S.E. set up open school ? –1985
What was the other name for hunter commission –Indian Education Commission
What amount was sanctioned by Charter Act of 1813 to be spent on education ? –One Lakh
Reshtriya Sanskrit Sansthan has its head quarters at –New Delhi
Which is the first open University of India ? –Indira Gandhi open University New Delhi
What is the Minimum qualification requird to appear in any examination of the Open University ? –No Minimum qulification
Regional College of Education for the Northern region is located at –Ajmer
Where is situated the Regional College of Education for the eastem region ? –Bhuvaneshwar
Where is Regional College of Education for Western region ? –Ujjain
Regional College of Education for the Southern region is at –Mysore
The Regional Colleges of Education were set up by the N.C.E.R.T. with the co-operation of –Planning Commission of India
Generally the medium of instruction in Public School is –English
The famous Doon Public School is located at –Dehra Dun
The famous Doon Public School Bishop Cotton is situated at –Shimla
The famous Lawrence Public School is at –Sanawar
The famous Shivaji Public School is at –Pune
The famous Air Force Central School is situated at –Delhi Cantt
Tamil Nadu has a Sainik School at –Amrauathinagar
The Sainik School in Orissa is at –Bhuvaneshwar
The Sainik School in Karnataka is at –Bijapur
Gandhi had which Educational Degree ? –Law
Gandhi got his law Degree from –England
Where did Gandhi as a teacher ? –South Africa
Who said “A cowardly teacher cannot make his students valiant ? –M.K. Gandhi
Effective teaching is a function of -Teacher’s methodology
What should be the attitude of the teacher towards school authorities ? –Cordial
The attitude of teacher towards new idea should be –Receptive
Teachers should be made accountable for –Teaching
An excellent teacher must be –Good guide
As a teacher, you are never supposed to be angry –I am a human and can also be angry
What is your Prime duty as a teacher ? –To help the student in understanding Physical and Social Environment
What is the best Quality of the teacher ? –good human subject being
The enthusiastic teachers generally ? –involve the students in learning–teaching process
A teacher has better chances of succeeding if ? –he is properly trained for the profession
Does the teachers enjoy the freedom to make their syllabus flexible ? –False
A good teacher can overcome the defects of ? –System
A quality teacher always reaches the school ? –Before the morning assembly is over
Why you want to make teaching as a career ? –it make you eligible for the profession in ten months
Generally a good number of students do not like to go to the class rooms because- the curriculum is dull
What is attitude –feeling
A good teacher priority in school is his –students
People’s attitude towards teaching is becoming positive because – perceiving teaching as a profession
Who can be creative teacher- develop thinking ability among the students
Among the students faith in the human values can be generated through – Moral Education
If as teacher you give too much liberty to students what will be result – indiscipline in the class room
If some one does not agree with you what will you do – polite explain your view point to him
As a teacher what means of recreation will you like to prefer – literary magazines and news papers
A teacher always learns and he learns from – Students
What enhances the status and respect of a teacher – community service
Why a teacher fails in maintaining discipline in the class – because he lacks consistency in his approach to discipline
What type behavior is expected from a teacher in the class room – calm, dignified and composed
Why a teacher should be lover of sports – it encourages the students to take part in sports

TEACHING POTTENTIAL

---------------------------n TEACHING POTTENTIAL
Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti was registered as a society on –15 August 1950
Who was the Chairman of the first Indian Education Commission –Sir John Hunter
Who organizes the National Talent Search Competitive Test –N.C.E.R.T.
When was Central Advisory Board of Education set up –1956
Navodaya Vidyalayas have been set up –In Rural Areas
The programme Gyan Vani is broadcasted by –AIR
When was N.C.E.R.T. Established –2nd Oct. 1971
In 1936-37 who submitted the report on technical Education –Abbot
Who conducts the admission test for Novdaya Vidyalayas –N.C.E.R.T.
Who was the chairperson of Wardha Scheme –Zakir Hussain
National law school of India is situated at –Bangalor
A.I.C.T.E. stands for –All India Council of Technical Education
In which year University Grants Commission Act was passed –1956 A.D.
The central Institude of Indian Languages is located at –Mysore
Which Organization was established during Bengal Partition –National Council of Education
Which was the first University to be opened in Britishers time ? –Calcutta University
To whom did Lord Macaulay present the famous Macaulay’s minute ? –Lord Bentinck
In which year C.B.S.E. set up open school ? –1985
What was the other name for hunter commission –Indian Education Commission
What amount was sanctioned by Charter Act of 1813 to be spent on education ? –One Lakh
Reshtriya Sanskrit Sansthan has its head quarters at –New Delhi
Which is the first open University of India ? –Indira Gandhi open University New Delhi
What is the Minimum qualification requird to appear in any examination of the Open University ? –No Minimum qualification
Regional College of Education for the Northern region is located at –Ajmer
Where is situated the Regional College of Education for the eastem region ? –Bhuvaneshwar
Where is Regional College of Education for Western region ? –Ujjain
Regional College of Education for the Southern region is at –Mysore
The Regional Colleges of Education were set up by the N.C.E.R.T. with the co-operation of –Planning Commission of India
Generally the medium of instruction in Public School is –English
The famous Doon Public School is located at –Dehra Dun
The famous Doon Public School Bishop Cotton is situated at –Shimla
The famous Lawrence Public School is at –Sanawar
The famous Shivaji Public School is at –Pune
The famous Air Force Central School is situated at –Delhi Cantt
Tamil Nadu has a Sainik School at –Amrauathinagar
The Sainik School in Orissa is at –Bhuvaneshwar
The Sainik School in Karnataka is at –Bijapur
Gandhi had which Educational Degree ? –Law
Gandhi got his law Degree from –England
Where did Gandhi as a teacher ? –South Africa
Who said “A cowardly teacher cannot make his students valiant ? –M.K. Gandhi
Effective teaching is a function of -Teacher’s methodology
What should be the attitude of the teacher towards school authorities ? –Cordial
The attitude of teacher towards new idea should be –Receptive
Teachers should be made accountable for –Teaching
An excellent teacher must be –Good guide
As a teacher, you are never supposed to be angry –I am a human and can also be angry
What is your Prime duty as a teacher ? –To help the student in understanding Physical and Social Environment
What is the best Quality of the teacher ? –good human subject being
The enthusiastic teachers generally ? –involve the students in learning–teaching process
A teacher has better chances of succeeding if ? –he is properly trained for the profession
Does the teachers enjoy the freedom to make their syllabus flexible ? –False
A good teacher can overcome the defects of ? –System
A quality teacher always reaches the school ? –Before the morning assembly is over
Why you want to make teaching as a career ? –it make you eligible for the profession in ten months
Generally a good number of students do not like to go to the class rooms because- the curriculum is dull
What is attitude –feeling
A good teacher priority in school is his –students
People’s attitude towards teaching is becoming positive because – perceiving teaching as a profession
Who can be creative teacher- develop thinking ability among the students
Among the students faith in the human values can be generated through – Moral Education
If as teacher you give too much liberty to students what will be result – indiscipline in the class room
If some one does not agree with you what will you do – polite explain your view point to him
As a teacher what means of recreation will you like to prefer – literary magazines and news papers
A teacher always learns and he learns from – Students
What enhances the status and respect of a teacher – community service
Why a teacher fails in maintaining discipline in the class – because he lacks consistency in his approach to discipline
What type behavior is expected from a teacher in the class room – calm, dignified and composed
Why a teacher should be lover of sports – it encourages the students to take part in sports

1. Teaching Learning Process
There is no teaching without learning ,Interaction is between
The Teacher and the pupil or The Taught.,
It is progressive Modification of behavior ,Motivation By
Adjustment, continuous, Goal Oriented Activity.
Formal Education Through- Schools, Colleges, Universities,
Informal Education Through –Home, Society, Community.
Non-Formal Education Through-Distance Education Centres, Open Universities, Correspondence courses. Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE), INSAT-IB are its Modes.
James S. Ross-Bipolar Activity, John Dewey-Tri-polar Activity (Teacher, Pupil, Environment )
2.Audio Visual And Mass Media
The Devices which make teaching and learning process Effective & Interesting.
Audio Aids-Radio (Fourth R), Tape Recorder, Gramophone etc.
Visual Aids –Charts, Motion Pictures, Chalk Board, Film Stripe, Slides, Models, Bulletin Board, Flash cards, Poster, Projector, Photographs
Audio Visual.- Television News, Demonstrates, Films (School made,Industrial,Documentary)
Activity Aids -Science Fairs, Science Museums, Aquarium, Vivarium, Exhibition, Nature Study.
Projected Aids - Motion Pictures, Film Stripe, Films (School made,Industrial,Documentary
Non- Projected Aids- Charts, Chalk Board, Tape Recorder, Gramophone ,Globe, Story Telling.
Audio Visual Aids should be used according to the Context, Subject Matter, Age &Intelligence of the Students. Teaching Aids should be Cheap, Durable& Informative.
Mass Media-The use communication media to a large numbers of learners at the same time to strength Education- Radio, Television, Satellite Instructional Television Experiment Programmers, Newspapers, Video, Cassettes, ), INSAT-IB, Multimedia Package.
3.Educational Values In The Constitution
-
Art.45----------------- Deals With Free & Compulsory Education between the age 6 To 14.
Art 15 (1), (2), (3),-- Deals With Women Education
Art 25 & Art 28 ----- Deals With Religious Education In Educational Institutions.
Art 29 & Art 30 ----- Deals With Rights of Minorities to establish their Educational Institutions.
Art 46-Provides free education of the socially and educationally backward classes of the country
Art.341-deals with the promotion of Hindi as the national language.
Art.350[A]deals with the mother tongue at the primary level of education.
42nd Amendment 1976 deals with Concurrent list.

Sri Prakash committee-NCERT-1970-Primary Education
Secondary Education between the Age 11 to 17
National literacy Mission-1998-Each one Teach one.

4. Qualities of a good Teacher
In his profession a teacher must love for his profession and students. He sound have the knowledge of child
and educational psychology and mastery of the subject he is supposed to teach. punctuality ,interest in extra
curricular activities, awareness of department rules and regulations along with skill in question and teaching
technology are required for better professional qualities in him.
High moral character, missionary zeal patience, sharp memory, command over speech, sense of humors
and impartiality are the traits of a teacher’s character and personality.
In his human behavior the teacher should have co-operative and democratic attitude. Political neutrality
and religious tolerance are also required in his sphere. The teacher must strive hard to win the confidence
of his students.
For the all-round development of the student a teacher should be ego supporter, friend philosopher,
initiator judge, role model, moral educator, reformer, referee, guide a resource person and an upholder of
the various norms and values.
5.Code Of Conduct
It means a system of rules and principles accepted and adopted by the society or in other words a group
of people. The code of conduct contains the professional ethics meant for the teachers. We must bear in
mind that teacher is a living model for the young students or pupils who are under his charge and he his supposed to )

nurture them in order to make them useful members of the society as well as of the Nation. Teachers lack code of ethics and the teaching profession lacks certain codes that is why we find the teacher’s attitude towards teaching is not professional.
There is lack of knowledge. Teachers are not properly trained. The Teacher –Student relationship is not one to one.
What A Teacher Should Be
1.Mastery on the Subject .2.A good store of G. K.
3.Thirst of Knowledge.4. Power To Speak Effectively .
5.Pre &In-Service Training, Teaching Experience.
6.Sense of Humor, Love For Children, Justice & Impartiality.
7.High Character, Optimistic, Democratic Outlook.
8.Punctuality, Emotional, Mental & Physical Health.
[A]Teacher’s Relations with the Pupils
1 interested in welfare.2.Sympathetic and affectionate attitude.;
3.To know the pupils 4.Easily accessible 5.Respecting the child 6.lndividual attention 7.Fair dealings
8.Tactful dealing 9.Good Example 10.lnsping the pupils
[B]Teacher’ relations with his Colleagues
1.Mutual help and co-operation.2.Due credit for assistance. 3.Friendly and objective attitude.4.Maintaining decorum. 5.No back-biting. 6.No interference.7.No cliques.
[C]Teacher’s Relations with his Superiors
Teacher must look upon the Headmaster\Principal as his friends and guides. He must be loyal and obedient to them. He must give them maximum co-operation. There sound be perfect understanding between the teacher and the head. He sound be open and frank in dealings with the Head and management of the school.
[D]Teacher’s Relations with Parents
1Organisation of PTA Meeting.2. Inviting Parents to official function .3 Visiting. Homes of the Pupils.4. Sending Progress Report.
[E]Teacher’s Relations with the Community
1.Permoting social service during floods &famines. 2. Providing social service under special circumstances require cleanliness , health care and sanitation. 3.Organising of social and adult education Programme, Sports and Tournament for the adults.4.Efforts for removing Social Evils
7.History Of Modern Indian Education
1813 Charter Act-Announced the usage of one lakh of rupees on literature improvement.
1835 Macauly Minute-Medium to be English and Spreading of Western Education.
1854 Wood Dispatch –Sir Charles wood renewed the Charter Act &create a proper system of education from Primary to University. Emphasis on the Training of Teachers.
1857 Historical Year- Establishment of universities started but not open to girls.
1882-1883 Hunter Commission –The First Indian Education Commission Chaired By Sir William Hunter .It was the result of the Agitations by Indians.
1910-1911 Gokhale ‘s Bill for Compulsory Primary Education-First time a bill was introduced on making elementary Education free and compulsory throughout the country.
1920-22 National Education Movement- Headed by M.K Gandhi.
1935 Government of India Act- Recommended for checking the employment opportunities for those who were getting University Education.
1936-37 Abbot Wood Report- The report talked about the Technical/Vocational and General Education. Messer’s Abbot was This report was the results of unability of University Graduates to secure jobs.
1938 Zakir Hussain Committee—It is also known Wardha Scheme. For the first Time the Elementary education at National Level was studied.
University Education Commission 1948-1949 chaired by Dr. S. Radha Krishnan .
Secondry Education Commission was establishment in 1952-1953 .
National Education Commission 1968 –based on recommendation of 1964-1966 chaired by Dr. D. S. Kothari.The Concept Of Work Experience is also related with National Education Commission 1968.
National Policy On Education 1986 adopted by Rajiv Gandi Govt &approved by Lok Sabha ON MAY 8,1986. 10+2+3 Pattern , OPERATION BLACK BOARD,Education Is A Challenge,PROGRAMME OF ACTION.
Rammurti Review Committee 1990 was appointed to Review NPE 1986
Janardhan Reddy Committee 1992 Is The Result Of Rammurti Review Committee 1990
In 1992 NPE 1986 was revised by adding Two New Paras.Modify-31. Total=157+2=159.

NCERT-SEPT.1, 1961. HQ-New Delhi, Academic Adviser to Ministry of Education. Units-6.
NIE-The National Institute Of Education (Text Books, Teaching Aids etc. ), CET- Centre For Educational Technology(using of Media) & Four Regional College of Education (Ajmer, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar & Mysore )
NCTE- National Council For Teacher Education got its as a unit of NCERT but it independently started working in 1973 as a statutory body from Aug 17, 1995 to achieve planned and co-ordinate development of teacher education system, The Council laid down norms and standards for Primary, Elementary Secondary & Higher Level Teacher Education Institutions.
UGC-India Govt. Act 1956 –It promotes and co-ordinate the University Higher Education and also determine and maintains the standards of teaching, examination and research. It also analyses the financial needs and allocate and grant funds for the promotion of excellence in higher education.
School Education Boards –Recommended By Calcutta University Commission 1919- Secondary Education. SCERT- Under NCERT-AT STATE LEVEL. It looks after the Inservice Training, Elementary Teacher Training, research in education, holding seminar etc.
8.Classroom Problems & Solutions
This is the duty of Teacher, the Management And The Headof the institution to solve these problems for the betterment of the students and the education. These problems can be solved by updating the Knowledge on part of the teacher. The teacher can discuss these problems with his or her colleagues also with his seniors in the school. One has to improve his behavior and evaluation of the teacher by he students should be brought in. on his own behalf the teacher must improve his relations with the pupils.
Moreover the government and the policy makers should provide impressive syllabus, good
Time table, student oriented teaching, use of audio visual aids and use we of modern devices of teaching. The
teaching should be made as students oriented. The class rooms must have adequate light, space and ventilation,
furniture and seating arrangement. There should be no distraction, overcrowding and effective use of
instructional material the management is also required to solve the discipline problems and develop the social
qualities in the students. Steps to solve the problems
find out the needs. 2. frame the problem. 3. gather information. 4. develop the hypothesis. 5. test the
hypothesis. 6 acceptance.7.feed back.
Problems of Examination, Evaluation and Assessment
We can define evaluation as a measurement of all round development of the student including his physical, social, moral intellectual abilities, aptitudes and development of interests.
Evaluation is needed to provide admission, promotion and certifying the students. It also helps in awarding scholarships and infuence learning. Evaluation is of two type. (a) Formative Evaluation (b) summative Evaluation
Formative Evaluation:- This means evaluation of students during instruction and takes into cosideration all units of curriculum.
Summative Evaluation:- this summative evaluation is used at the end of the term, course or programme is used at the end of the term, course or programme foe the purpose of promotion to the next class or certification.this is also done for the progress and effectiveness of the course of study or achievements of the educational plan.
To over come the shortcomings of annual examination, the system of comprehensive internal evaluation can be an attempt. In this the student is fully assessed by the teachers teaching in the school. This system is better because it includes the weekly, monthly unit tests, oral teste, class work done, homework and assignments. This system also evaluates academic achievement. Physical achievement, social, character and personality development. LIBRARY USAGE
THE USE OF LIBRARY IS VERY IMPORTANT IN THE ATTIAMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, STIMULATES THE STUDY HABIT, GOOD USE OF LEISURE TIME AND ACHIEVEMENT OF SELF EDUCATION. The use of library helps in attaining the aims of democracy, school study, enhances the knowledge and infuses the spirit of planning and designing. The librarian and his staff should teach the students, the ways to locate the relevant references and resources material. The subject teacher should give assignments of different type of the students and tell them to complete them with the help from books from the library must have proper seating arrangement and lighting and peaceful proper seating arrangement and lighting and peaceful environment should be kept. In the library books should we made available according to the age and interests of students. In absence of a qualified librarian, the school should entrust the responsibilities to the teacher who shows interests in this work. All the subject teachers should help their fellow in recommending good books on various subjects to make the library function smoothly. While selecting the books for the library, the age, interests and requirements of then students be kept in mind and for a library committee should be formed.
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TEACHING POTTENTIAL

About India (Largest & Smallest), Indian Art

SUPERLATIVE INDIA. .
1.Highest Airpot-Leh airpot ih ladakh(3256m/16080ft.high).
2.Largest Auditorium-Sri Shanmukhananda Hall,.Mumbai.
3.Largest Public Sector Bank-State Bank of India.
4.Largest Batanical Garden-National Botanical Garden in Kolkata.
5.Longest River Bridge-Mahatma Gandhi Setu over the Ganga at Patna(5,575m/18286ft.long).
6.Longest Sea Bridge-Anna Indira Gandhi Bridge connecting the island of Rameshwaran with Mandapam in Tamil Nadu(2.34km.Long).
7.Biggest Cantilever Bridge-Rabindra Setu(also called Howrah Bridge)Hoogi river in Kolkata(457m/1499ft.iong).
8.Longest Canal-Indira Gandhi Canal or Rajasthan Canal(959km.long).
9.Largest Cave-Amarnath(about 44 km from Pahalgam er in Orrisa(24.4km.long).
17.Largest Delta-Sunderbans(75,000sq.km.)formed by the Ganga and Brahmaputra in West Bengal and Bangladesh.
18.Largest Dome-Gol Gumbaj,Bijapur in Karnatka.
19.Highest Gateway-Buland Darwaja at Fatehpur Sikri near Agra.Built by Akbar(53.5m/175ft.long).
20.Longest Glacier-Siachen Glacier on the Indo-Pakistan border(75.6km.long and 2.8km wide).
21.Largest Gurudwara-Golden Temple at Amritsar.
22.Highest Hydel Power Station-Rongtong Hydel Project in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh.
23.Largest Lake-Wular Lake,Kashmir.
24.Largest Fresh Water Lake-Kolleru in Andhra Pradesh.
25.Largest Library-National Library,Kolkata.
26.Oldest Monastery-Buddhist Monastery,(situated at an altitude of 3,048m/10,000ft.)at Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh.
27.Largest Mosque-Jama Masjid,Delhi(built by Shah Jahan in 1644-58).
28.Highest Mountain Peak-Kanchenjunga.
29.Largest Museum-Indian Museum,Kolkata.
30.Largest Planetarium-Birla planetarium,Kolkata.
31.Largest Prison-Tihar Jail,Delhi.
32.Longest Railway Bridge-Dehri-on-Sone Railway bridge over the Sone river near Sasaram on Kolkata-Delhi main line.
33.Longest Passenger Train Route-Jammu Tawi-Kanyakumari(3730km.).
34Fastest Train-Shatabdi Express between New Delhiand Bhopal at a speed on 140kmph.
35.Longest Railway Platform-Kharagpur in West Bengal(833m/27333ft.)Also World’s longest.
36.Largest Refinery-IOC refinery at Koyah(Gujarat).
37.Largest Tribe- gond.
38.Largest Concentration of Seheduled Tribes-Madhya Pradesh.
39.Longest River-Ganga(2640km.long).
40.Longest Road-Grand Trunk road from Kolkata to Delhi.
41.Highest Road-Road at Khardungla in thr Leh-Manali Sector.
42.Largest State in Area-Rajasthan.
43.Smallest State in Area-Ooa.
44.Most Populaed State-Uttar Pradesh.
45.Least Populated State-Sikkim.
46.Most Densely Populated State-West Bengal.
47.Least Densely Populated State-Arunachal Pradesh.
48.Most Literate State-Kerala.
49.Most Women State-Kerala.
50.Tallest Statue-Statue of Jain Siant Gomateswara at Sravanabelagola in Karnataka.
51.Largest Stupa-Great Stupa of Sanchi,Madhya Pradesh.
52.Largest Tunnel-Jawahar Tunne,Banihal Pass(Jammu and Kashmir).
53.Largest Union Territory in Area-Andaman and Nicobar Island(8,249 sq.km.).
54.Smallest Union Territory in Area-Lakshadweep(60,595).
55.Most Literate Union Territory-Lakshadweep.
56.Highest Waterfall-Jog Waterfall,Karnataka.
57.Largest Zoo-Zoological Gardens,Kolkata.
RIVERSIDE CITIES-INDIA & WORLD.
1.Alexandria-Nile-Egypth. 2.Amsterdam-Amsel-Netherlands.
3.Antwerp-Scheldt- Belgium. 4.Agra-Yamuna-Uttar Pradesh.
5.Ahmedabad-Sabarmati-Gujrat. 6.Ayodha-Saryu-Uttar Pradesh.
7.Baghdad-Tigris-Iraq. 8.Berlin-Spree-Germany.
9.Bonn-Rhine-Germany. 10.Budapest-Danube-Hungary.
11.Badrinath-Ganges-Uttar Pradesh. 12.Cairo-Nile-Egypth.
13.Canton-Canton-China. 14.Cuttak-Mahanandi-Orrisa.
15.Delhi-Yamuna-Delhi. 16.Dibrugarh-Brahmaputra-Assam.
17.Ferozepur-Sutlej-Punjab. 18.Glasgow-Clyde-Scotland.
19.Guwahati-Brahmaputara-Assam. 20.Hamburg-Fibe-Germany.
21.Hardwar-Ganges-Uttar Pradesh. 22.Hyderabad-Musi-Andhra pradesh.
23.Jabalpur-Narmbada-Madhya Pradesh24.Karachi-Indus-Pakistan.
25.Kanpur-Ganges-Uttar Pradesh. 26.London-Thame-England.
27.Ludhiana-Sutlej-Punjab. 28.Montreal-Ottawa-Canada.
29.Moscow-Moskva-Russia. 30.New York-Hudson-USA.
31.Nasik-Godawari-Maharashtra. 32.Paris-Seine-France.
33.Pandharpur-Bhima-Maharashtra. 34.Patna-Ganges-Bihar.
35.Quabec-St Lawrehce-Canada. 36.Rangoon-Irawadi-Burma.
37.Rome-Tiber-Italy. 38.Sambalpur-Mahanadi-Orrisa.
39.Srinagar-Jhelum-Jammu and Kashmir.40.Surat-Tapti-Gujrat.
41.Tokyo-Sumida-Japan. 42.Tiruchirapalli-Cauveri-Tamil Nadu.
43.Vienna-Danube-Austria. 44.Varanasi-Ganges-Uttar Pradesh.
45.Vijayawada-Krishma-Andhra Pradesh.46.Warsaw-Vistula-Poland.
47.Washington-Potamac-USA.
FAMOUS SITES-WORLD.
1.Ai-Aqusa-Jerusalem. 2.Big Ben-London. 3.Brandenberg Gate-Berlin.
4.Brown House-Berlin. 5.Colossium-Rome. 6.Buckingham Palace-London.
7.Downing Street-London.8.Eiffel Tower-Paris. 9.Fleet Street-London.
10.Harley Street-London.11.Hyde Park-London.12.India House-London.
13.Kabba-Mecca. 14.Kremlin-Moscow. 15.Leaning Tower-Pisa(Italy).
16.Louvre-Paris. 17.Merdeka Palace-Jakarta.18.Oval-London.
19.Pentagon-Washigton. 20.Potala-Nanking. 21.Pyramid-Eygpt.
22.Red Square-Moscow. 22.Scotland yard-London.23.Shew-dragon Pagod-Rangoon.
24.Sphinx-Egypt. 25.Statue of Liberty-New York.26.Vatican-Rome.
27.Wailing Wall-Jerusalem.28.Wall Street-New York. 29.Westminster Abbey-London.
30.White Hall-London. 31.White House-Washigton.
IMPORTANT REVOLUTIONS.
1.Green Revolution-Food Production. 2.Blue Revolution-Fish Production.
3.Brown Revolution-Fertilizers Production 4.White Revolution-Milk Production.
5.Red Revolution-Meat/Tomato Production.6.Yellow Revolution-Pulse Production.
SOURCES OF REVENUE.
INDIRECT TAXES-Income tax,Corporate tax,Wealth tax,Estate tax,Gift tax,Expenditure tax,Interest tax.
DIRECT TAXES-Sale tax,Service tax,Exise tax,Custom tax,Value added tax(VAT),Important duties.
BANKING-The first Bank of limited liability managed by Indians was`Oudth Commercial Bank’founded in 1881.After it,Punjab National Bank was established in 1894.
*The Banking Regulation Act,1949 provided the legal framework for regulation of the banking system by Reserve Bank of India(RBI).The RBI was established in 1935.The Bank is the sale authority for issue of currency in India other than one rupee notes.
*The largest Bank-Imperial Bank of India-was nationalised in 1955 and rechirstened as State Bank Of India(SBI).
*The Government issued an ordinance on 19July,1969 acquiring ownership and control of 14 major bankes in the Country.Six more commercial banks were nationalished from 15 April,1980.
PLANNING IN INDIA.
PLANNING COMMISION-The Planning Commision was set up in 1950.It is an advisory body.The Prime Minister is its ex-offico Chairman.It makes plans for the Union as well as the states.The Planning Economy in India is based on the mixed economy system.
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL-The National Development(NDC)set up in 1952 has as members the Chief Ministers of all states as also members of the Planning Commision.It is presided over by the Prime Minister of India as Chairman.It helps in working out common policies in the important spheres of the country’s economy and thus ensures balanced economic development of the country as a whole.It helps in the mobilization of resources and efforts all over the country.The five year plans are finally approved by the National Development Council.
FIVE YEARS PLANS AT A GLACE.
1.First Plan-1951-52 to 1955-56. 2.Second Plan-1956-57 to 1960-61.
3.Third Plan-1961-62 to 1965-66. 4.Annual Plan-1966-67 to 1968-69.
5.Fourth Plan-1969-70 to 1973-74. 6.Fifth Plan-1974-75 to 1977-78.
7.Annual Plan-1978-79 to 1979-80. 8.Sixth Plan-1980-81 to 1984-85.
9.Seventh Plan-1985-86 to 1989-90. 10.Eighth Plan-1992-93 to 1996-97.
11.Ninth Plan-1997-2002. 12.Tenth Plan-2002 to 2007.

ECONOMY BYTES.
MIXED ECONOMY-China is the example of Socialist Economy while USA and UK are the examples of Liberal Economy. The term-mixed economy clearly supports the co-
existence if both private as well as public sector in the Indian economy. But Indian Economy is gradually leading towards the Liberal Economy’s the result of `New Liberal Policy’ adopted by the government of India since 1991.
VALUE ADDED TAX(VAT)-A tax on the difference between the inputs, and outputs of a process. The tax is levied at each stage in the chain from the raw material, through to the customer who buys the finished product. Every time the items change hands, tax is paid by buyer of items.
SOME SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CENSUS-2001.
Total Population-1027 million[on Ist March,2001].
Men-531.3 million. Women-495.7 Dentisty-324 persons per sq.km.
Sex Ratio-933(Woman per 1000 men) Highest Sex Ratio-Kerala(1058).
Lowest Sex Ratio-Haryana(861). The most densely populated state-West Bengal(904)
The most populated state-Uttar Pradesh. Decadal growth-21.3%.
Urban population-27.78% Rural population-72.22% LiteracyRate-65.38%
Male Literacy rate75.85% Female Literacy Rate-54.16%
State with highest Literacy-Kerala(90.92%) (followed by Mizoram).
State with lowest Literacy-Bihar(47.53%).
WORLD MARKETS.
1.Bombay Stock Exchange-Sen sex. 2.National Stock Exchange-CNX Nity.
3.New York Stock Exchange-Dow Jones.4.Germany Stock Exchange-Xetra Dax.
5.Singapore Stock Exchange-S.T.Index. 6.France Stock Exchange-CaC 40.
7.Japan Stock Exchange-Nikkel. 8.London Stock Exchange-FSTE.
9.Korea Stock Exchange-Kaspi. 10.Hongkont Stock Exchange-Hong Seng.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS.(SCIENCE)
1.Rickets occur due to the deficiency of-
(a)Vitamin-K (b)Vitamin-D (c)Vitamin-A (d)Vitamin-B.
2.Country that leads in Life-expectancy-
(a)Norway (b)Peru (c)France (d)Japan.
3.Rocket launching station in India-
(a)Sriharikota (b)Ahmedabad (c)Trivandrum (d)Banglore.
4.A lemon is sour because of-
(a)Oxalic acid (b) Citric acid (c)Acetic acid (d)Tartaric acid.
5.Animals having hair and giving birth to young ones are called-
(a)Pisces (b)Reptiles(c)Birds (d)Mammals.
6.Sound travvele the fastest in-
(a)Water (b)Alcohol (c)Steel (d)Vaccum.
7.Tuberculosis (T.B.)is caused by-
(a)Bacteria (b)Virus (c)Both bacteria and virus(d)None of the above.
8.Cow’s milk is slightly yellowish in hue due to-
(a)Riboflavin (b)Protein (c)Lack of vitamin (d)None of the above.
9.The blue colour of the sky is due to –
(a)Collection of light (b)Refraction of light (c)Reflection of lignt (d)Scattering of light.
10.Gold is noble matal because it –
(a)Is chemically less reactive (b)Is used for making ornaments
(c)Is a costly metal (d)Glitters
11.Which of the following is a bad conductor of electercity-
(a)Iron (b)Silver (c)Brass (d)Rubber.
12.Which of the following statements is true-
(a)DDT is an antiseptic (b)APC is an antiseptic
(c)RDX is an antiseptic (d)LSD is an antiseptic.
13.In oxygen things burn-
(a)Dimly (b)Rapidly (c)Do not burn at all (d)Birghtly.
14.What is water composed of-
(a)Oxygen and Hydrogen (b)Oxygen and Nitrogen.
(c)Oxygen and Carbon dioxide (d)Hydrogen and Nitrogen.
15.Which is the lightest of the following gases-
(a)Oxygen (b)Hydrogen (c)Nitrogen (d)Carbon Dixoide.
16.Domestic electric fitting are connected in-
(a)Series (b)Parallel (c)Both in series and parallel (d)None of the above.
17.Cooking utensils are made up of metals because metals-
(a)do not give shock (b)do not break easily (c)are good conductors of heat (d)are good insutotors.
18.The voltage of electercity used in factories is-
(a)440 volt (b)220 volt (c)120 volt (d)240 volt.
19.The voltage of domestic elertercity is-
(a)220 volt (b)440 volt (c)120 volt (d)240 volt.
20.Which is the major source of the energy in human diet-
(a)Protein (b)Amino acid (c)Vitamins (d)Starch.
21.A satellite is kept in circular orbit due to the gravitational-
(a)force of the earth(b)force of the sun(c)force of the moon(d)all f the above.
22.Hair,on our body,are meant to-
(a)Beautify the body(b)Differentiate sex(c)Be as organs of defence(d)none of these.
23.Velocity of a body is- (a)Change of its position. (b)Rate of change of speed .
( c)Change of its position in a definite direction (d)Rate of change of its position.
24.Dialys is done when-
(a)Kidney fail(b)Heart stops functioning(c)Liver stops functioning(d)None of these.
25.The speed of the Rocket Launcher is-
(a)Greater than 11.6km/second (b)Less than 11.6km/second.
(c)Equal to 11.6km/second (d)None of this.
26.The colour of carrot is red due to-
(a)The presence of red colour (b)The absence of cholorophyll
(c)The presence of pigmets. (d)None of the above.
27.An instrument to measure the density of liquid-
(a)Calorimeter(b)Hydrometer(c)Salinometer(d)Lactometer.
28.The blood pressure of a normal human being is-
(a)100/120 (b)220/100 (c)80/120 (d)120/80 mm/Hg.
29.During sleep,man’s blood pressure-
(a)Increases (b)Decreases (c)Fluctuates (d)Remains constant.
30.Copper is mainly used in-
(a)Coolers (b)Electric wires (c)Heaters (d)None of these.
31.It is known as the silent killer-
(a)Blood pressure (b)Headache (c)Rabies (d)Tuberculosis.
32.Human body’s weight on the earth is maximum at-
(a)Equator (b)Seashore (c)Poles (d)None of the above.
33.Which gas helps in extinguishing fire-
(a)Oxygen (b)Helium (c)Carbon dioxide (d)Nitrogen.
34.Marble is the changed form of-
(a)Limestone (b)Coal (c)Basalt (d)Granite.
35.Insulin is given for the treatment of-
(a)Diabetes (b)AIDS (c)Asthma (d)Arthrities.
36.If a magnet is divided into two pieces-
(a)The magnet will lose its power. (b)Both the pieces become independent magnets.
(c)The power of the magnet will increase (d)None of the above.
37.Dehydration is the loss of-
(a)Water (b)Glands (c)Muscles(d)None of the above.
38.Which part of the body Typhoid affects-
(a)Intestines (b)Eyes (c)Brain (d)Nose.
39.One pound is equivalent to-
(a)815 gms(b)453 gms(c)1000 gms(d)1gm.
40.Diamonds are made up of-
(a)Silicon (b)Carbon (c)Sodium (d)Platinum.
41.Which is the lighest of the following-
(a)Water (b)Gas (c)Dust (d)Sand.
42.Hydrophobia may effect a person suffering from-
(a)Snake bite (b)Dog bite (c)Bacterial infection (d)Bee sting.
43.Carbon-dioxide as compared to air is-
(a)Lighter (b)Heavier (c)As heavy as air (d)As light as air.
44.Distance traveled by light in ine year is called-
(a)Light year (b)Angstorm (c)Micrometer (d)Calorimeter.
45.One is germicide out of the following-
(a)Potassium Permanganate (b)Washing Soda(c)Caustic Soda (d)Baking Soda.
46.Jaundice is disease of-
(a)Liver (b)Urine (c)Eyes (d)Skin.
47.Food poisoning is caused by-
(a)Zygote (b)Vitamin-D (c)Micro-organism (d)None of the above.
48.Formation of rust on iron is what kind of phenomenon-
(a)Physical (b)Simple chemical (c)Chemical (d)None of these.
49.One of the following is the good conductor of electercity-
(a)Rubber (b)Copper (c)Wood (d)Glass.
50.Mercury is used in thermometers because it-
(a)Is a metal (b)Expands uniformly (c)Is a liquid (d) Is heavy.
51.One of the following is considered a balanced diet-
(a)Meat (b)Vegetable (c)Milk (d)Pulses.
52.Scientific study of Micro-organs-
(a)Anatomy (b)Microbiolology (c)Bionics (d)Ecology.
53.When a piece of Ice floats on water, its level-
(a)Increases (b)Decreases (c)Remains the same (d)Fluctuates.
54.One of the following pollutes the environment-
(a)Oxygen (b)Nitrogen (c)Carbon monoxide (d)Hydrogen.
55Which bone is related to head-
(a)Pelvis (b)Coccyx (c)Scapula (d)Skull.
56.Nights are cool when-
(a)The nights are cloudly and the days are clear (b)The days are cloudly and the nights are clear
(c)Both the nights and days are cloudly.
(d)Both the days and nights are clear.
57.Who discovered the steam engine-
(a)Henry (b)Toliat (c)Colt (d)James Watt.
58.Who invented Telephone-
(a)Sholes (b)Graham Bell(c)Colt (d)Baird.
59.Who discovered X-Rays-
(a)Roentgen (b)Goldsmith (c)Sholes (d)Goldstein.
60.Who discovered Radium-
(a)Marie Curie (b)Libby (c)P.Curie (d)Calvin.
61.Who discovered Penicillin-
(a)Louis Pasteur(b)Marie Curie (c)Alexander Fleming (d)C.V.Raman.
62.Who discover the cure for rabies- (a)Madam Curie(b)Louis Pasteur(c)Dr.Raman.(d)Einsten.
63.The inventor of Televison is-
(a)J.L.Baird.(b)Marconi (c)Wright Brothers (d)Marie Curie.
64.Phosphorus is a –
(a)Non-matal (b)Metal (c)Gas (d)Liquid.
65.A plant with green leaves placed in red light with appear-
(a)black(b)green(c)red (d)violet.
66.Light from the sun reaches us in nearly-
(a)2 Minute (b)4 Minute (c)8 Minute (d)16 Minute.
67.The common refrigerant used in domenstic refrigerator-
(a)neon (b)freon/ammonia (c)spirit (d)none of these.
68.A fuse wire is characterised by-
height resistance and high melting point.
Low resistance and high melting point.
High resistance and how melting point.
Low resistance and how melting point.
69.Which metal is commonly used as an electromagnent-
(a)Copper (b)Iron (c)Nickel (d)Coblot.
70.When ice melts in the beaker of water,the level of water,the level of water in the beaker with-
(a)increace(b)decreace(c)remain the same(d)first increase,the decreace
71.The dynamo converts-
(a)mechanical energy into electrical energy.
(b)electrical energy into mechanical energy.
(c)mechanical energy into magnetic energy.
(d)none of these.
72.The Oil in the wick of an oil lamp rises up due to-
(a)pressure difference (b)capillary action(c)low viscosity of oil(d)gravitational force.
73.The flying of birds is a proof of Newton’s-
(a)First law (b)Second Law (c)Third Law (d)both second and first law.
74.When milk is churned cream gets separated due to-
(a)centripetal force(b)centrifugal(c)frictional force(d)gravitational force.
75.A red light used in traffic signal because-
(a)It has longest wavelength and can be easily noticed from a long distances
(b)It is beautiful(c)It is visible even to people with bad eyesight(d)none of these.
76.The most convenitent colour combination that can be used for vehicle running day and night is-(a)Orange and blue.(b)White and black (c)red and green (d)yellow and blue.
77.Metals are Good Conducter of electricity because-
(a)They contains free electron(b)The atoms are lightly packed (c)They have high malting point (d)all the above.
78.The phenomenon of total internal reflection may occur when light is passing from-
(a)air to glass (b)air to water (c)air to oil (d)glass to air.
79.The Velocity of sound is maximum in-
(a)a gas (b)a liquid (c)a solid (d)none of above.
80.The mirage is seen in the hot desert because-
(a)the density of layer of air increase with altitude.
(b)the density of layer of aie decrease with altitude.
(c)the reflection of light from the layers of sand.
(d)the total internal reflection from the sand.
81.The best conductor of heat among liquid is-
(a)Water (b)mercury (c)ether (d)alcohol.
82.Sound of frequency below 20Hz are called-
(a)Audio sounds (b)Infrasonics (c)Ultrasonics (d)Supersonics.
83.A man standing at the finish line is recording the time of a race competition by means of a stop watch.He must start the watch when-(a)He hears sound of the starting gun. (b)He sees the flesh of light coming from starting gun (c)He seems first man living the starting line(d)He either sees the flesh or hears the sound.
84.If a shell from a canon bursts in the air,the total kinetic energy.
(a)increases (b)decrease (c)remain constant (d)may increase or discrease.
85.Alternating current is converted to direct current by-
(a)rectifier (b)dynamo (c)transformer (d)motnr.
86.The pitch of sound is measured by its-
(a)Intensy (b)Waveform (c)frequency (d)loudness.
87.When iron and wood are exposed to sunlight,the iron rod become hot quickly because of-(a)the greater thermal conductivity of iron (b)the lower thermal conductivity of iron.
(c)the greater density of iron (d)the less density of iron.
88.In diesel engines,ignition takes place by-
(a)Compression (b)electrical spark (c)dynamo (d)battery.
89.Cloudy nights are warmer because- (a)Clouds prevent radation of heat from the ground into the air.(b)of low atmospheric pressure(c)of the compact dencity of air.(d)More dust partical gather in the air.
90.A electric bulb produce a loud sound when broken because-
(a)the air rushes into partial vaccum in the bulb(b)the gas in brittle.
(c)the gas inside it explodes (d)the gas inside it suddenly expands.
91.What is the appoximate velocity of sound in air-
(a)3m/s (b)30m/s (c)300m/s (d)3000m/s.
92.In deserts,clouds do not precipiate because of-
(a)low pressure (b)low humidity (c)high wind velocity (d)low temprature.
93.The ink of a pen leaks out in an alroplane because-
(a)atmospheric pressure increase (b)pressure of ink is more than the ambient pressure.
(c)high speed of the aeroplane (d)temp.difference.
94.Coating of iron with zinc is known as-
(a)galvanization(b)electroplating (c)ionsation (d)none of these.
95.A piece of rock was brought from Moon to earth then-(a)It mass alone changed.
(b)its weight alone changed(c)Both mass as well as weight changed(d)Neighter its mass nor weight is changed.
96.Which of the following is not a primary colour?-
(a)blue (b)green (c)red (d)black.
97.Which falls down Faster in a vaccum:
(a)Wooden ball (b)feather ball (c)steel ball (d)all with fall down at same speed in a vaccum because there will be no air resistance.
98.Atmospheric pressure is measured by using an instrument called a/an-
(a)manometer (b)hydrometer (c)altimeter (d)barometer.
99.A rainbow is produced when sunlight falls on drops of rain.Which of the fillowing physical phenomenon are responsible for this-1.diffusion 2.refraction 3.internal reflaction
(a)1,2and3 (b)1 and 2(c)2 and 3 (d)1 and 3.
100.The process of transfer of heat by matter but without actual movement of particle themselves is called-
(a)Cinduction (b)Convection (c)Radiation (d)None of the above.
101.A hydrogen filled ballon rises in air because-
(a)atmospheric pressure decrease with altitude.(b)the density of air discrease with altitude.(c)the acceleration due to gravity decrease with altitude (d)the buoyant force exerted bt the air in the ballon is greater than the weight of the ballon.
102.In an electeric kettle water becomes hot by-
(a)conduction (b)radiation (c)moving partical (d)convection.
103.Tea will cool most easily in a-
(a)Metal cup (b)porcelain cup (c)glass cup (d)clay cup.
104.The source of solar energy is –
(a)nuclear fission(b)nuclear fusion(c)Sihking of sun(d)none of these.
105.A radar that detect the presence of an enemy aircraft uses-
(a)Sound waves (b)radio waves (c)electric waves (d)ultrasonic waves.
106.Light year is a unit of-
(a)Light (b)distance (c)time (d)intensity of light.
107.What is the normal temprature of human body-
(a)36.C (b)37.C (c)38.C (d)39.C
108.A Celsius and a Fahrenhereit thermometer give the same reading at a particular temp.
What is the temprature-(a)-273.C (b)-180.C (c)-400.C (d)0.C
109.In which atmospheric layer are the communication satellites located-
(a)Startosphere (b)ionosphere (c)troposphere (d)exosphere.
110.In an earthen pot,cooling of water depends upon the-
(a)Outside Temp. (b)atmospheric humidity (c)wind (d)all the above.
111.A fuse wire is used to-
(a)To make the electrical circuit strong.(b)Convert AC into DC.
(c)Convert DC into AC.(d)prevent an unduly high electric current from passing through a circuit.
112.The nucleus of an atom consists of-
(a)priton+electron (b)only prtons (c)protons+neutrons+electrons(d)proton and neutron.
113.What happen if water is cooled from 80.C to 0.C?
(a)Its volume decrease uniformly,becoming minimum at 0.C.
(b)its volume increase uniformly becoming maximum at 0.C.
(c)its volume decrease upto 40c and then increase.
114.Which of the following is a good conducter of heat but bad conduter of electricity-
(a)asbestos (b)celluloid (c)pertex (d)mica.
115.A sudden fall in a barometer reading indicates-
(a)Clear wheather (b)hailstorm (c)Storm (d)heavy rainfall.
116.Sound travel with a different speed in different media.In what order does the Velocity of sound increase in these Media-
(a)water,iron and air(b)iron,air and water(c)air,water and iron(d)iron,water and air.
117.Which part of the sun is visible during total solar eclipse-
(a)Corona (b)Chromosphere (c)Photosphere (d)No part of the sun is visible.
118.When a pencil is partly immersed in water in a beaker and held in a slanting position,the impressed portion appears-
(a)bent towards the bottom (b)bent towards the water surface
(c)bent in a Zig Zag manner (d)as if it was not immersed.
119.The three primary colours are-
(a)Voilet,green and red(b)indigo,blue and orange(c)blue,green and red(d)blue,yellow and red.
120.Which part of a camera is analogous to the retina in the human eye?
(a)lens (b)film (c)aperture (d)shutter.
121.When a person walking in bright sunlight enter a dark room,he is not able to see clearly for a little while because-(a)The eye muscle can not immediately change the focal length of the eye lens(b)the retina retains the bright images to some time and become momentarily insensitive(c)the iris is unable to contract the pupil immediately(d)the iris is unable to dilate the pupil immediately.
122.In electric fittings,the wires are earthed because-
(a)in case of a short circuit,current passes to the earth.(b)it reduces fluction
(c)it avoids leakage of electricity (d)it completes the electric circuit.
123.To an astronaut,the outer space appears-
(a)blue (b)white (c)black (d)crimson.
124.Which of the following metal is used in aircraft-
(a)chromium (b)titanium (c)palladium (d)none of these
125.A transformer is used to-
(a)increase DC voltage (b)increase or decrease AC voltage
(c)decrease DC voltage (d)convert DC into AC.
126.The element used in an electric filament is-
(a)Copper (b)aluminium (c)iron (d)tungsten.
127.The sky is blue in colour due to-
(a)refraction (b)reflection (c)diffraction (d)dispersion.
128.When a ship floats in water-(a)it displaces no water.
(b)the mass of water displaced is more than the mass of the ship.
(c)the mass of water displaced is equal to the mass of the ship.
(d)the mass of water displaced is less than the mass of the ship.
129.The S.I. unit of electric field is-
(a)Newton per metre(b)Volt per metre (c)ampere per meter (d)coloumb per meter.
130.During rusting-(a)iron gains weight(b)iron loses weight (c)iron Volatillises(d)the weight of iron remains unchanged.
131.A unit of energy is same as that of-
(a)work (b)Power. (c)force (d)acceleration.
132.In hour homes,electricity is supplied of 220 AC.The value 220 represents-
(a)constant voltage(b)effective voltage(c)peak voltage (d)average voltage.
133.Which of the following metals is the best conductor of electricity?
(a)Copper (b)aluminium (c)iron (d)Silver.
134.When water boils,its temprature-
(a)begins to increase(b)begins to discrease(c)remains constant(d)fluctuates.
135.What has maximum density at-
(a)room temprature (b)0.C (c)40C (d)100.C
136.Natrual radioactivity was discovered by-
(a)Marie Curie (b)Ernest Rutherford (c)Hennery Baquerch (d)Enrico Fermi.
137.When a recorded tape is played after being subjected to a magnectic field,then-
(a)reproduction is exellent (b)recorded information is best.(c)only high frequency reproduction take place(d)only low frequency reproduction take place.
138.The terminal colour of the rainbow are-
(a)Voilet and red(b)Voilet and green(c)red and green(d)red and blue.
139.A fresh egg sinks in pure water but floats in soft water.This is because-
(a)Saline water is denser than pure water(b)Salin water is lighter than pure water
(c)the viscosity of saline water is higher than that of pure water(d)the surface tension of salino water is lower than that of pure water.
140.The neuton was discovered by-
(a)Chadwick(b)Rutherford (c)Fermi (d)Bohr
141.A shooting star is basically a-
(a)meteor (b)supernova (c)comet trail (d)disturbance in atmosphere.
142.Graphite and heavy water are two common moderator used in a nuclear reactor.The function of the moderator is to-
(a)slow down neutrons(b)absorb Newton (c)cool the reactor (d)control the Newton.
143.Conservation of energy means that-
(a)energy can be created as well as destroyed. (b)energy can be created but cannot be destroyed.
(c)energy can not be created but can be destroyed .
(d)energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
144.Cadmium roads are used in nuclear reactor for-
(a)Showing down neutrons(b)Speeding up slow neutrons.
(c)absorbing neutrons (d)regulating the power level of reactor.
145.Which is the smallest constellation?
(a)Crux Austrolis (b)Cepheus (c)Apus (d)Corona Boreolis.
146.The period of revolution of geo-stationary satellite is-
(a)24 hours (b)30 days (c)365 days (d)changing continuously.
147.A heavenly body that emits radio signals at regular interval of time is called a-
(a)quasar (b)White draft (c)red gaint (d)pulsar.
148.If an apple is realeased from an orbiting spaceship,it will-
(a)fall towards the earth(b)move along with spaceship at same speed.
(c)move at higher speed (d)move at a low speed.
149.A shooting star is-
(a)a small fast moving satellite that shines by sunlight.
(b)a small star moving away from the earth at a very high speed.
(c)a heavently object that shines because it is heated by the friction of the earth’s atmosphere as it falls at a great speed.
(d)a star of an extremely high density.
150.One gets the feeling of uneasiness when air-
(a)is perfectly dry(b)Contains a little amount of water Vapour (c)is saturated with moisture.

MULTIPLE CHOICE KNOWLEDGE (LITERATURE.)
1.Which is script of English language-
(a)German (b)French (c)Roman (d)Italian.
2.Which language is spoken widely in the world-
(a)Chinese (b)Hindi (c)German (d)English .
3.How many plays did Shakespeare compose-
(a)Thirty six (b)Thirty four (c)Forty seven (d)Thirty seven.
4.How many Sonnets did Shakespeare write-
(a)154 (b)144 (c)156 (d)186.
5.William Shakespeare is often called-
(a)The Swan of England (b)Bard of Avon (c)King of Writers (d)Poet’s poet.
6.Who is popularly known as “Swan of Avon”-
(a)John Milton (b)William Shakespeare(c)William wordsworth (d)John Keats.
7.Which character of Shakespeare says “I like it not “-
(a)Antonio in “The Merchant of Venice”(b)Duke Senior “As you like it”.
(c)lago in “Othello” (d)Cassius in “Julius Caesar”.
8.Which Character of Shakespeare speaks “Fraitly thy name is women”-
(a)Hamlet in “Hamlet”(b)Cordelia in “As You Like It”
(c)Portia in “Julius Caesar”(d)Desdemona in “Othello”.
9.To which period did Shakespeare belong-
(a)Victorian period (b)Puritan Period (c)Elizabeth Period(d)None of the above.
10.The author of “Othello”, “Macbeth”, Hamlet’and “King Lear” is-
(a)Raja Rao (b)C.V.Raman (c)Shakespeare (d)Kipling.
11.The utterance “I like it not”occurs in-
(a)Antony and Cleopatra (b)Othello(c)Much Ado About Nothing(d)Hamlet.
12.What are hymns-
(a)Songs in praise of God(b)Verses (c)Songs in praise of king(d)Elegies.
13.Shylock of “The Merchant of Venice”is-
(a)A Chirstian (b)A Muslim (c) A Jew (d)A Hindu.
14.Who is known as the Shakespeare of India-
(a)Kalidasa (b)Tagore (c)Tulsidas (d)Valmiki.
15.Shakespeare’s first Roman play is-
(a)Coriolanus (b)Hamlet (c)Julius Caesar (d)Antony and Cleopatra.
16.Who is the heroine of “The Merchant of Venice”-
(a)Portia (b)Helen (c)Jessica (d)Nerrisa.
17.The most popular villain in a play of Shakespeare’s-
(a)Cassius (b)Casca (c)lago (d)Shylock.
18.Lago,the villain,is a character in shakespeare’s-
(a)Macbeth (b)Hamlet (c)King Lear (d)Othello.
19.Shakespeare’s play which refers to “ideas of March”is-
(a)King Lear (b)Hamlet (c)Julius Caesar (d)Macbeth.
20. “As you like it”by Shakespeare is a-
(a)Tragedy (b)Romantic comedy (c)Historical Play (d)Farcical Play.
21.Who said’ “Sweet are the uses of adversity”-
(a)Shakespeare (b)Oliver Glodsmith (c)John Jewel (d)Carles Dickens.
22.Which play says, “Cowards die many time……”.
(a)As You like it (b)Merchant of Venice(c)Julius Caesar (d)Henry II.
23.The last play of Shakespeare was-
(a)Othello (b)The Tempest(1612).(c)Macbeth (d)King Lear.
24.What is an Elegy-
(a)Short story (b)Long story (c)Mourning song (d)Joyful song.
25.Who is known as “Fancy’s Child”-
(a)Shakespeare (b)Browning (c)W.B.Yeats (d)Lord Byron.
26. “The light of Asia”is a popular book of-
(a)Edwin Arnold(b)Stephen Spender (c)Robert Bridges (d)W.B.Yeats.
27.The poem “Daffodils”is written by-
(a)Tennyson(b)Browing(c)Wordsworth(d)John Milton.
28.The poem “The daffodil”is written by-
(a)Robert Bridges(b)Byron(c)John Jewel (d)Auden.
29.Which English dictionary is the most popular one-
(a)Concise Oxford Dictionary(2,40,000 words)(b)Oxford Dictionary
(c)Cambridge Dictionary (d)None of the above.
30.Name the writer of “My Experiments with truth”-
(a)J.L.Nehru (b)Dr.Rajendra Prasad (c)Sarojini Naidu (d)Mahatma Gandhi.
31. “The Guide”is written by-
(a)R.N.Tagore(b)R.K.Narayan (c)Tolstoy (d)Khushwant Singh.
32.The author of “Arms and the man”is-
(a)Shakespeare (b)Charles Dickens (c)Jane Austen (d)G.B.Shaw.
33.Who is the author of “Pride and Prejudice”-
(a)Charles Dickenes (b)Jane austen (c)Tolstoy (d)Hardy.
34.The author of “Arms and the Man”is-
(a)Thomas Hardy (b)Charles Dickenes (c)Galsworthy (d)Walter Scott.
35.Who is the author of “A Psalm of Life”-
(a)Wordsworth (b)H.W.Longfellow (c)V.K.Gokak.(d)Kamla Dass.
36.Name the writer of “If I am Assassinated”-
(a)Z.A.Bhutto (b)Indira Gandhi (c)John Kennedy (d)Abrahim lincoin.
37.The writer of the Novel “War and Peace”is-
(a)Leo Tolstoy (b)Shakespeare (c)Dickens (d)Shaw.
38.Name the writer of “Letters from a father to a daughter”-
(a)Sardar Patel (b)Gandhi (c)J.L.Nehru (d)Shastri.
39.Maximum poems in English are written by-
(a)Lord Byron (b)Wordsworth (c)Robert Frost (d)Shakespeare.
40.How many vowels has English language-
(a)3 (b)5 (c)11(d)9.
41.How many alphabets has English language-
(a)26 (b)35 (c)46 (d)40.
42.Who among the English poets,is known as the “Poet of Nature”-
(a)William Black(b)William Shakepeare (c)William Wordsworth(d)William Cowper.
43.The hero of “Pride and Prejudice”is-
(a)Collins (b)Bingley (c)Wickham (d)Darcy.
44.The heroine of “Pride and Prejudice”is-
(a)Jane Bannet (b)Elizabeth Bennet (c)Lydia (d)Mary.
45.Who is the author of the poem “A Nation’s Strength”-
(a)M.Longfellow (b)Aurobindo Ghose (c)Sarojini Naidu (d)Emerson.
46.Which poem is the swan song(last writing)of Keats-
(a)Lamia(b)Ode to Autumn (c)Hyperion (d)Endymion.
47.Which of the following English poets was blind-
(a)W.H.Auden(b)Thomas Nashe(c)John Milton (d)Shakespeare.
48 Who is the author of the book “Apassage to England”-
(a)Nirad Chaudhari (b)R.L.Stevenson (c)D.H.Lawrence (d)William Blake.
49.A’ Tale of two Cities’is a famous novel of –
(a)Thomas Hardy (b)Charles Dickens (c)Jane Austen (d)William Cowper.
50. “The Mayor of Castebridge”is a famous novel of-
(a)Charles Dickens (b)Jane Auston (c)D.H.Lawrence (d)Thomas Hardy.
51.Who said, “God made the country,man made the town-
(a)William Wordsworth(b)William Blake(c)William Shakerpeare(d)William Cowper.
52.The writer of the famous “Lucy poem”is-
(a)William Blake(b)William Cowper(c)William Wordsworth(d)William Shakespeare.
53.Smallest book of the world-
(a)Madam Bovary(b)Aric-1.(c)Tamas (d)Godan.
54.Who is the writer of the book “Unto This Last”-
(a)Tolstoy (b)Bondaref (c)Thoreau (d)Ruskin.
55.Shelly’s “Ozymandias”is- (a)a ballad (b)a sonnet (c)an ode (d)A lyric.
56.Georage Bernard Shaw,the great dramatist,was a/an-
(a)Englishman (b)Welsh (c)Scotsman (d)Irishman.
57.Shakespeare was born in the year-
(a)1572 (b)1464 (c)1672 (d)1564.
58.Shakespeare died in year-
(a)1516 (b)1716 (c)1616 (d)1416.
59.The writer of “Swami and his father”is-
(a)R.K.Narayan (b)Munshi Prem Chand(c)Max Multer (d)Collins.
60. “Nature never died betray the heart that loved her,” is said by-
(a)P.B.Shelly(b)Lord Byron (c)John Keats (d)William Wordsworth.
61.Who has writteh “Anna Karenina”-
(a)Boris Pasternak(b)Victor Hugo(c)Leo Tolstoy(d)Lewis Carol.
62.Who is distinguished as a writer in English-
(a)Vijay Tendulkar(b)Kamaleshwar(c)Anita Desai(d)Amrita Shergil
63.Who said “Child is the father of the man”-
(a)John Dryhen(b)Walt Whitman(c)Robert Bridges (d)William Wordsworth.
64. “Tess of D’Urbervilles”is a novel by-
. (a)Charles Dickens(b)Oilver Goldsmith(c)Thomas Hardy(d)Somerset Maugham.
65. “Ancient Mariner”is a very popular poem of-
(a)Charles Sandburg (b)Robert Frost(c)Walt Whitman(d)Coleridge
66. “The Prelude”by Wordsworth deals with his-
(a)Altitude to man(b)Altitude to nature(c)Altitude to Politics(d)Altitude to love and romance.
67.Change play an important part in the novels of-
(a)Thomas Hardy(b)George Meredith(c)Walter Scott(d)Henry Fielding.
68.Who is the authoe of the book “Cocktail Party”-
(a)Richard Burton(b)Maxim Gorky (c)T.S.Eliot (d)Andrew Boyle.
69.Which of the following did Jane Austen write-
(a)Emma(b)Divine Life (c)Escape (d)Go down Moses.
70. “An Elegy Written In A Country Churchyard”is a poem of-
(a)Thomas Hardy(b)Thomas Gray (c)Thomas Moore (d)Lord Byron.
71.Which character of Shakespeare speaks “How weak a thing the heart of a woman is”-
(a)Portia in Julius Caesare(b)Lady Macbeth(c)Portia in “The Merchant of Venice”(d)None of the above.
72. “An Elergy Written In A Country Churchyard”is a poem of –
(a)Thomas Hardy(b)Thomas Gray(c)Thomas Moore (d)Lord Byron.
73.How many Romans plays did Shakespeare write-
(a)Four (b)One (c)Two (d)Three.
74.Who said “Water water everywhere but not a drop to drink-
(a)S.T/Coleridge(b)John Milton (c)William Butler Yeats(d)William Cowper.
75.The father of English Literature is-
(a)John Milton (b)John Donne (c)Shakespeare (d)Chaucer.
76. “Leaves of grass”is a book of poetry by-
(a)W.B.Yeats(b)Walter Scott (c)W.H.Auden (d)Keats.
77.John Keats was known for-
(a)Ballads (b)Lyrics (c)Sonnets (d)Plays.
78.The most famous poem “My Native Land”has been composed by-
(a)W.B.Yeats(b)W.H.Auden (c)Lord Tennyson (d)Thomas Gray.
79.English is the official language of-
(a)Bihar (b)Nagaland (c)Karnataka (d)Assam.
80. “Main Kampt”is the autobiography of-
(a)Adolt Hitler (b)Bismarck (c)Goethe (d)Max Multer.
81The most popular poem “Kubla Khan”was authored by-
(a)Wordsworth (b)Coleridge (c)Browing (d)Tennyson.
82.Which is the Script of Hindi Language-
(a)Gurumukhi (b)Khari Boli (c)Dev Nagari (d)None of the above.
83.Which language is the mother of Hindi-
(a)Prakrit Bhasha(b)Sanskrit (c)Apbhransh (d)Vedic Language.
84.Who is the propagator of Experimental Poetry in Hindi-
(a)Dinkar(b)Dharam Vir Bharati(c)Apbhransh (d)Vedic Language.
85.How many vowels has Hindi-
(a)3 (b)5 (c)11 (d)9.
86.How many alphabets has Hindi-
(a)26 (b)35 (c)44 (d)40.
87.Which is called the “Golden Age”in Hindi Literature-
(a)Veer Gatha Kaall(b)Bhakti Kaall(c)Reeti Kaall (d)Adhunik Kaall.
88.Who is the first Hindi poet of “Modern Age”-
(a)Shridhar Pathak (b)Bharatendu Harishchandra(c)Nirala(d)Maithilli Sharan Gupt.
89.Who is the progressive writer among the following-
(a)Maha Devi Verma(b)Bachan (c)Ram Kumar Verma(d)Naga Arjun.
90.Who has sung hymns in praise of Lord Krishna-
(a)Tulsidas (b)Kabir (c)Tagore (d)Meera Bai.
91.Name the poet who was blind-
(a)Kabir (b)Surdas (c)Kalidasa (d)Nissim Ezekeil.
92.Who is called the Meera or “Modern Age”-
(a)Usha Priyambda(b)Nirmal Varma (c)SubhadrabKumari Chauhan(d)Maha Devi Verma
93.In which language did Amit Khusro write his poetry-
(a)Dingal (b)Braj (c)Khari Boli (d)Persian.
94.Whom did Kabir mare his Guru-
(a)Ramdas (b)Rama Nand (c)Chaitahya Maha Prabhu (d)Guru Nanak.
95. “Satyarth Prakash” is written by-
(a)Kalidasa(b)Surdas (c)Vivekanand (d)Dayanand Saraswati Swami.
96.Seth Gobinde Das is famous for-
(a)Novel (b)One Act Play(c)Drama (d)Essay.
97.Who wrote the book “Andha Yug”-
(a)Dr.Dharam Vir Bharati (b)Ram Kumar Verma.
( c)Ramdhari Singh Dinkar.(d)Girija Kumar Mathur.
98.Who wrote the novel “Tamas”on which T.V.serial is based-
(a)Prem Chand (b)Balraj Sahni(c)Upendar Nath Ashk.(d)Bhisham Sahni.
99. ‘Beejak is a collection of hymns by-
(a)Guru Nanak Dev Ji(b)Ravidas (c)Dabu Dayal (d)Kabir.
100.Who is the author of ‘Padmavat’-
(a)Kabir (b)Raheem (c)Jayasi (d)Surdas.
INDIAN ART AND CULUTURE.
1.The Raman Magsay say award is named after the farmer President of-
(a)Indonesia(b)Philippines (c)Thailand (d)Singapore.
2.Indian Military Academy is located in-
(a)Dehradun (b)Hyderabad (c)Mount Abu (d)Cochin.
3. ‘Hindu Vishwavidyalaya’is situated in which City?
(a)Banaras (b)Ujjain (c)Haridwar (d)Chennai.
4.What was built to celebrate the visit of King George V?
(a)Fort George (b)Gateway of India(c)India Gate (d)Victorial Memorial.
5.The Carbett National Park is located in-
(a)Nainital (b)Gaya (c)Mumbai (d)Gangtok.
6.

About India (Largest & Smallest), Indian Art

States of india and capitals,Ranks,Parliment house,Uno, And More

STATES OF INDIA AND THEIR CAPITALS
STATES CAPITALS STATES CAPITALS
Andhra Pardesh Hydrabad Mizoram Aizawal
Arunachal Pardesh Itanagar Nagaland Kohima
Assam Dispur Orissa Bhubaneshwar
Bihar Patna Punjab Chandigarh
Chhattisgarh Raipur Rajasthan Jaipur
Goa Panaji Sikkim Gangtok
Gujarat Gandhi Nager Tamil Nadu Chennai
Himachal Pardesh Shimla Uttar Pardesh Lucknows
Jammu Kashmir Srinagar Uttranchal Dehradun
Jharkhand Ranchi West Bengal Kolkatta
Kerla Tiruanantpuram Karnataka Banglore
M.P. Bhopal Meghalaya Shillong
Meghalaya Shillong Manipur Imphal

UNION TERSITORIES:
Andaman and
Nickobar Island Port blair Chandigarh Chandigarh
Dadar and Nagar Haveli Silvassa Daman and Diu Daman
Lakshawdeep Kavasatti Pondicherry Pondicherry
IMPORTANT PLACES ASSOCIATED WITH PERSONS
PLACES PERSONS PLACES PERSONS
Bardoli Sardar Patel
Fatehpur Sikkri Akbar Jersusalem Jesus-Christ
Kapil Vastu Gautam Budha Macedonia Alexander
Pondicheery Aurobindo Ghosh Porbunder M. Gandhi
Shantiniketan R.N.Tagore Talwandi Guru Nanak

POPULAR NAMES
Andhra Kesari T. Prakassam Anna G. N. Anna Durai
Bapu Gandhi Ji Chacha J.L. Nehru
Bapu Ji Jagjeevan Ram Fuhrer Adolf Hitler
Bard Of Avon Shakespeare Desh Bandhu C.R.Dass
C.R. Chakarvaty Raj Grand Old Man
Gopal Acharaya of India Dada Bhai Naroji
Gurudev R.N.Tagore Guruji M.S.Golwalker
Iron Man of India Sardar Patel Iron Duke Iron Wellington
Lok Nayak Jayparkash Narayan Lady of Lamp Florence
Lok Manya Bal Gangadhar Tilak Nightingle
Mahamanna Pt. Madan Mohan Man of Destiny Napolean
Malavia Desert Fox Gen. Rammel
Punjab Kesari Lala Lajpat Rai Man of Blood & Iron Prince Bismarck
Desert Fox Gen. Rammel Father of English
Wizard of the North Sr. Walter Scott. Poetry Geoffrey Chaucer
Mark Twain Samuel Clemens Tommy atkins English Solider
Poolu French Solider G.I. American Solider
Jawan Indian Rajaji Chakravati Rajgopalchari
Deshratan Dr.Rajinder Parsad Neta Ji Subash Chander Bose
Shere-Punjab Maharaja Ranjit Singh Tipusultan Shere-a-Mysore
Ashok Kumar Dadamuni Hind-di-chadar Guru Teg Bahadur
Baba Sahib Dr. B.R.Ambedkar Little master Sunil Gavaskar
Flying queen P.T Usha Master Blaster Sachin Tendulkar
Flying Sikh Milkha Singh Shaheed-e-azam Bhagat Singh
Indian Shakespeare Kalidas

YEARS OBSERVED BY U.N.O.

1967-International Tourism Year 1968-Human rights Year&1998 also
1970-International Ed.Year 1972-International Book Year
1973-Copernicus year 1974- World Population Year
1975-International Woman Year 1979-International Year Of the Child
1981-International year of disabled 1983-world communication year
1985-International Youth year 1986-Int. year of Peace
1990-Int. Literacy year 1992-Int. Space year
1994- Int. Year of family 1995-Int. Year of Tolerance
1999- Year of Older persons 2000-Year of the Cultural of Peace
2001- Int. Year of volunteer 2002- Int. Year of Ecotourism

IMPORTANT RESIDENCE OF THE WORLD
1.Buckinggham palace (London) –King/Queen of U.K.
2. 10 Downing street (London)-Prime Minister of U.K.
3. Elysee palace (Paris)-The French President
4. Rashterpati Bhawan (New Delhi)-President of India
5. Vatican (Rome) –Pope
6. White house (Washington)- USA President
NAMES OF PARLIAMENTS
USA-Congress, Senate (Upper house) House of representatives (Lower House)
UK-Parliament: House of commans (Lower house) House of lords (Upper House)
China- National people’s Congress GERMANY-Bundestag (Lower house) Bundesrat (Upper House) Iran- Majlis ISRAEL-Knesset, JAPAN-Diet
NEPAL-National Panchayat, NETHERLANDS-The States General
NORWAY-Storting, KOREA, NORTH-Supreme People’s Assembly
AFGANISTAN-Shora, DENMARK-Folketing, POLAND – Sejm
RUSSIA- Duma, SWITZERLAND – Federal Assembly

(INPORTANT BOUNDARY LINES)
Durand Lines – between India and Afghanistan
Mac. Mohan line – between India and China
Red Cliffe Line – between India and Pakistan
Maginet Line – between France and Germany
Hidenburg Line – between Poland and Germany
38th Parallel – between North Korea and South Korea
49th Parellel - between USA and Canada

WORLD FAMOUS OFFICAL BOOK
1. White Paper – India 2. Blue Book – Britain
3. White Book – Portugal, China, Germany 4.Yellow Book – France
5. Grey Book – Japan and Belgium 6. Orange Book - Netherlands
SCHEDULES TO THE CONSTITUTION
First Schedule – List of states and union territories
Second schedule – Salary and allowance of the president Governors, Speaker and Judges
Third Schedule – Contains forms of oath and affirmation
Forth Schedule – Allocation of seats of each state and U.T.
Fifth – Administration and control of schedule areas and Schedule Tribes
Sixth Schedule – Ad. Of trible areas in Assam, Meghalya, and Mizoram
Seventh Schedule – Distribution of powers and function between the center and state in three lists.
Eighth Schedule – A language recognized by- Parliament.
Ninth schedule - it contains laws passed by the union of states, which cannot be taken to course.
Tenth schedule – disqualification on the ground of Political defection.
Eleventh schedule – Regarding powers of Panchayati Raj.
Twelve schedule – powers of local authority.
FOREIGN SOURCES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION
Britain – Parliament system, Collective responsibility of cabinet.
America – Fundamental right, Citizenship, Independent Judiciary, Judicial Review
Canada – Division of Powers
Ireland – Directive Principles of state policy
Germany – Emergency provisions
Russia – Fundamental duties
Australia – Concurrent list
RIGHT TO CONSTITUTION REMEDIES IS CALLED THE SOUL OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS (ART.32)

Fundamental duties have been incorporated in the constitution through42nd amendment (act.1976)
The voting age has been reduced from 21 years to 18years by 61st Amendment
Article36 –51 in part iv related to directive principle of state policy
42nd Amendment is also known as a “Mini Constitution’’ “The worlds secular and socialist” are added in 1976.
44th Amendment 1978 deleted the right to property from the fundamental rights and made it a legal right Art.352 was amended to provide armed rebellion” as one of the circumstances for declaration of emergency.
73rd & 74th related with panchayaty raj mancipality(1993)

INDIAN GEOGRAPHY
Area: 3287,263 sq. km., Length: North to South 3214 km , Width : East to West – 2,933km. Latitude: 8 4’ N to 37 6’ N Lognitude : 68 7’East to 97 25 East
Total coast line : 7516.6Km.
BOOKS AND AUTHORS
Ajatshatru Jai shankar prasad Anandmath Bankim Chandra Chatterji Devdas Sharat Chandra Chatterjee Discovery of India J.L.Nehru
Divine Life Swami Sivanada Gitanjali R.N. Tagore
Godaan M.P.Chand The Guide R.K.Narayan
Hind Swaraj M.K.Gandhi India Divided Rajendra Prasad
India of
Our Dreams M.V.Kamath Kadambari Bana Bhatt
Kamayani Jai Shankar Prasad Kapal Kundat Bankim Chandra Chatterjee Kayakalp Munchi Prem Chand Life divine Aurobindo Ghosh
Malgudi Days R.K.Narayan My Days R.K.Narayan
My Experiments
With Truth M.K.Gandhi Pinjar Amrita Pritam
Operation Bluestar-
TheTrueStory Lt. Gen. K.S.Brar Panchatantra Vishnu Sharma
Ram Charita
Manas Tulsidas Ramayana Valmiki
Rangbhoomi Munshi Prem Chand Ratnavali Harsha Vardhan
Saket Maithili Sharan Gupt Shakuntala Kalidas
Swami And Friends R.K.Narayan
The God of Small
Things Arundhati Roy We,Indians Khushwant Singh
A Brush With Life Satish Gujral A Possible India Partha Chatterjee
A Conceptual
Encyclopedia of
Guru Granth Sahib S.S. Kohli
A Foreign Policy
for India I.K.Gujral A Suitable Boy Vikram Seth
A House for
Mr. Biswas V.S.Naipaul A Passage to England Nirad C. Chaudhuri
A Prisoner’s
Scrap Book L.K.Advani A Revolutionary Life Laxmi Sehgal
A Secular Aganda Arun Shourie Adhe Adhure Mohan Rakesh
A Tunnel of Time-
An Autobiography R.K.Laxman Amar Kosh Amar Singh
Accession to
Extinction D.R.Mankekar Agni Pariksha Acharya Tulsi
Ageless Body,
Timeless Mind Deepak Chopra Between the Lines Kuldip Nayar
An Idealist View
of Life Dr.S.Radhakrishnan Beyond Belief V.S.Naipal
An Unfinished Dream Dr.Verghese Kurien Bharat Aur Europe Nirmal Verma

Autobiography of
an Unknown Indian Nirad C.Chaudhuri Bisarjan Rabindranath Tabore
Beyond Boundaries;
A Memoire Swaraj Paul Bharat Bharti Maithli Sharan Gupat
Bishvraksh Bankim Chanra Chatterji
Broken Wings Sarojini Naidu
Buddha Chritam Ashvaghosha A Bunch of Old Letters J.L.Nehru
Chandalika R.N. Tagore Chidambara Sumitranandhan pant
Chitra R.N.Tagore Conquest of Self M.K.Gandhi
Coolie Mulk Raj Anand Court Dancer R.N.Tagore
Crescent Moon R.N.Tagore Dark Room R.K.Narayan
Dashkumar Charitam Dandi Death of a city Amirita Pritam
Dharamashastra Manu Diplomacy in
peace and war J.N.Kaul
Distant Neighbours Kuldip Nayar Eight Lives Rajmohan Gandhi
Eassays on Gita Aurbindo Ghosh Faces of Everst Maj.H.P.S. Ahiuwalia
From India to America S.Chandra Shekhar From Rajpath
to Lokpath Vijaya Raje Scindira
Ganadevata Tara Shankar
Bandopadhyaya Geet Govinda Jai Dev
Ghasiram Kotwal Vijay Tendulkar Gita Rahasya Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Gitanjali R.N.Tagore Glimpses of
World History J.L.Nehru

Golden Threshold Sarojini Naidu Gora R.K. Narayan
Half A Life V.S.Naipaul Harsha Charita Bana Bhatt
Himalayan Blunder J.P. Dalvi Hindu View Of life Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
Hinduism Nirad C. Choudhuri Hungry Stones Rabindranath Tagore
Idols Sunil Gavaskr India Betrayed:
The Role Of Nehru B.N.Sharma
India–From Curzon
to Nehru and after Durga Dass India Unbound Gurucharan Das
India in transition JagdishBhagwati IndiaWins Freedom Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Lost Child Mulk Raj Anand Prison Diary Jaya Prakash Narayan
Raghuvansa Kalidas Shivaji-Great Patriot Lala Lajpat Rai
Wings of Fire A.P.J.Abdul Kalam Yashodhara Maithili Sharan Gupt

Sri Lanka Ceylon

COMMISSIONED RANKES
NEW NAME OF COUNTRIES / CITIES

New Name Old Name
Bangladesh East Pakistan
Beijing Peking
Cape Kennedy Cape Canaveral
Ghana Gold Coast
Ho Chi Minh city Saigon
Indonesia Dutch East India
Iran Persia
Iraq Mesopotamia
Istanbul Constant In Pole
Myanmar Burma
Malaysia Malaya
Namibia South West Africa
The Netherlands HollandArmy
General
Lt. General
Major General
Brigadier
Colonel
Lt. Colonel
Navy
Admiral
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Commodore
Captain
Commander
Air Force
Air Chief Marshal
Air Marshal
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Air Commodore
Group Captain
Wing Commander
Major
Captain
Lt.
Second Lt

Lt. Commander
Lieutenant
Sub Lt.
Acting Sub Lt.

Squadron Leader
Flight Lt.
Flying Officer
Pilot Officer
PARLIAMENT HOUSE

Area – 2.45 Hectares
Diameter of Circle - 170.69 Meter
Sand Stone Pillars - 144
PANCHAYATI RAJ:
There are three tiers Panchayati Raj System in India.
Village Panchayat (At Village Level)
Panchayat Samities (At the Intermediate Level)
Zila Parishad (at District Level)
OFFICIAL LANGUAGES : 22
There are four new languages :-
Bodo, Sethali, Methali, Dogri.

UNITED NATION ORGANISATION
The U.N.O came into existenect in 1945. Its charter was signed on 26th of June 1945. It came into forces on 24th Oct.1945.
U.N.O Day –24th Oct.
Head Quarter of U. N. O. –New York
Flag –White U.N. emblem is superimposed on light blue background. The emblem consists of the global map projected from the North Pole and embraced in twin olive branches
Language :- The official Language of the U. N. O. are English, French , Chinese, Russian, Arabic and Spanish, but the working languages are English and French only.
Main organs of the U. N. O.
General Assembly 2. Security Council 3. Economic and Social Council
Trusteeship Council 5. International Court of justice 6. Secertariat
The membership of U. N. O. reached 191 on Sept.27, 2002 with the admission of Switzerland and East Timer into the world body.
Agencies Headquarter
Food And Agriculture Organization FAO, IFAD Rome
International Lab Our Organization ILO, ITU Geneva (Switzerland)
World Health Organization WHO,WIPO Geneva (Switzerland)
United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) Paris
IBRD or World Bank Washington
IMF Washington
IFC,IDA Washington
NATIONAL SYMBOLS
National Emblems: adopted from Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashok on 26th Jan. 1950. Satyamev Jayate inscribed below the emblem in Devnagri-script
National Flag: The National flag of India is a horizontal tricolor of deep saffron (Kesari), white and dark green in equal proportion. In the Centre of the white band there is a wheel in navy blue to represent the chakra with 24 spokes. The Flag is one and half times as long as it is broad. It was adopted on July 22, 1947, and was flown for the first time on 15th August 1947.
National Anthem:- Jana Gana Mana by R. N. Tagore adopted on 24th Jan. 1950. It is also known as the Morning song of India.
National Song :- Vande Matram written by Bankim Chandra Chatterji convert into English by Arvindo Ghosh And adopted from Anand Math.
National Calender:- Introduced from March 22, 1957 and based on Saka era. Chetra falling on 22 March in a normal year and on 21 March in a leap year
National Bird –Peacock
National Flower –Lotus
National Animal –Tiger

Prime Minister (First)
1. Longest tenure - J. L. Nehru (17 Years)
2. Shortest Tenure - A. B. Vajpayee (13 days)
3. Woman - Indira Gandhi
4. Non Congress - Morarji Desai
5. Did not face Parliament - Charan Singh
6.Did not address Nation
On Independence Day - Chandra Shekhar
7. From South - P. V Narsimha Rao
8.Not a members of other
House of Parliament - P . V. Narsimha Rao
9. Died in Office J. L Nehru
10. Died in foreign country - Lal Bahadur Shastri (in USSR)
11. Lost election - Indira Gandhi (in 1977)

SIKH GURU’ S:-
1.GURU NANAK born in Talwandi now called ‘Nankana Sahib’ in 1469. He died in 1539.Guru Nanak was founder of Sikhism
2.Guru Angad Dev –Introduced Langar System
3.Guru Amar Das –Social reformer and discarded Sati Prath
4.Guru Ram Das –Founded city of Amritsar
5.Guru Arjan Dev –Built Golden Temple and compiled Aadi Granth or Guru Granth Sahib. Guru Arjan Compiled Aadi Granth 1604 with the help of Bhai Gurdas Bhalla ji. Guru Arjan Dev was executed by Jahangir on the advice of Chandu Shah. Guru Arjun Dev got the foundation of Harmandir Sahib laid down by Muslim Faqir Mian Mir.
6.Guru Hargobind Singh –Started the system of Akal Takht and Miri, Piri.
7.Guru HarRai
8.Guru Harkishan
9.Guru Teg Bahadur –Guru Teg Bahadur was executed by Aurangzab.
10.Guru Gobind Singh –Founder of Khalsa-13th Apail,1699, Baisakhi, Khalsa means Military brotherhood. Zafarnama :- This is a letter written by Guru Gobind Singh to Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. This letter was written because Aurangzeb was committed many atrocities on people. So, Guru Gobind Singh asked Aurangzeb to give up the policy of atrocities. The Creation of Khalsa took place at Anandpur Sahib on the 1st Baisakhi i.e. 13th April, 1699 A .D.
11.Dasam Granth was compiled by a devoted Sikh Mani Singh after passing away of Guru Gobind Singh.
12.Guru ki kashi :- Takhat Damdma Sahib. It is famous Gurudwara, which is people situated at Talwandi Sabo. It is called Guru ki kashi.
13.Guru ki Wadali :- It is Birth place of Guru Hargobind Ji(new Amristar). It is a famous gurdwara of Punjab.
14.Banda Bahadur was born 27 Oct 1670. His real name was Lachman Dev or Lachhman Das. Once during hunting an arrow of Banda Bahadur struck a pregnant she deer Banda Bahaur was greatly pained to see the tragic death of the deer and its two kids.He renounced the world and became a
Bairagi. Banda Bahadur adopted the name Madho Das after becoming a bairagi. Madho Das (Banda Bahadur) met Guru Gobind Singh. He said ,”I am your Banda (Servant) thus Madho Das became Banda.GuruSahib called him Banda the Brave . Thus acquired the name ‘Banda Bahadur’.
15.SharomaniGurdwara prabandhak committee was established on 15th Nov,1920 at Akal Takhat Amirtsar.
16.Sikh Gurdwara act was passed an implemented on Nov 1,1925.
17.akalis launched a non-biolent movement in 1921 with the aim of –llliberating Sikh Gurudwaras from Mahants.
LITERATURE:-
Creator of Asa-di-war, Japuji Sahib –Guru Nanak Dev Ji.
Creator of Bachittar Natak –Guru Gobind Singh Ji.
Creator of ‘Jap Sahib –Guru Gobind Singh Ji.
Creator of Anand Sahib’ –Guru Amar Das Ji.
Creator of Sukhmani Sahib –Guru Arjun Dev Ji.
Compiler of Guru Granth Sahib –Guru Arjun Dev Ji
Writer of ‘Adi Granth’ at the time of its compilation of –Bhai Gurdas Bhalla ji
Creator of Bani Written is Dasam Granth –Guru Gobind Singh Ji
Most Famous writer of ‘Qisa Puran Bhagat’ –Fazal Shath
Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his administration
Date of Birth of Maharaja Ranjit Singh –November 2,1780
Name of Parents of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Father’s Name : Maha Singh, Mother Name : Raj Kaur
Time of treaty of Amritsar between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the Britishers –25th April, 1809
Name of foreign minister of Maharaja Ranjit Singh –Faqir Azizudeen.
Head of finance department at the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh –Diwan Kaura Mal
Most famous prime minister of Maharaja Ranjit Singh –Dhian Singh Dogra
Meaning of Kankut system by Maharaja Ranjit Singh –Tax on started crop in the field
‘Nazim Adalat’ at the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh State level –Court
Capital city of Maharaja Ranjit Singh –Lahore
First War between Sikes and British –1845 A.S
Second Anglo Sikh War –1848 A.D-1849 A.D.
Which dam has been built on Beas near Talwara –Pong Dam
On Which river has Pandoh dam been constructed Beas
The Dam constructed on Satluj River is –Bhakhra Dam
The Dhusi Dam has been constructed on the river –Beas
The old name of Amritsar was –Ramdas Nagar
Which Guru got constructed Akal Takhat –Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji
The real Granth of Guru Granth Sahib has been placed at –Kartar Pur
Kartar Pur was founded by –Guru Arjun Dev Ji
Guru Nanak Dev got enlightenment at –Sultan Pur
Which Guru got constructed Buraj Baba atal –Guru Hargobind Sahib
The old name of Punjab was –Sapat Sindu
The Gurudwara situated at present where foundation of Khalsa Panth was laid –Gurudwara Kesgarh Sahib
The other name of Harmandir Sahib is –Darbar Sahib
The Guru, who founded Anandpur Sahib was –Guru Teg Bahadur
Bhagat Singh was hanged on –23 rd March, 1931
Number of Districts in Punjab –17, Lok Sabha Seats –13
NOBEL PRIZES –The honour of winning the Nobel Prizes go to the following 7 Indians:

NAME
FIELD YEAR
1. Rabindar Nath Tagore Literature 1913
2. C. V. Raman Physics 1930
3. Hargobind Khurana Medicine 1968
4. Mother Teresa Peace 1979
5. S. Chandrashekhar Physics 1986.
6. Prof. Amaritya Sen Economics 1998
7. V. S. Naipaul Literature 2001

Highest Gallantry Award –Param vir Chakra
Hightest Civilian Award –Bharat Ratan
First Olympic games held at Athens in 1896.
First Deputy Prime Minister of India –Sardar Patel , 2nd Deputy Prime Minister of India –Morazi Desai, 3rd Deputy Prime Minister of India –Choudhari Charan Singh , 4th Deputy Prime Minister of India –Jagjivan Ram, 5th Deputy Prime Minister of India –Y.V.Chauan
6th Deputy Prime Minister of India – Devi Lal , 7th Deputy Prime Minister of India –Lal
Krishan Advani.
AIDS is caused by Virus .Aids is due to human Immunodficiency virus.
AIDS :-Acquired Immunue Deficiency Syndrome
HIV:-Human Immunodficiency virus.
CLASSICAL DANCES OF INDIA
Manipuri of Manipur 5. Bharat -natyam of Tamil Nadhu
Odissi of Orissa 6. Kathak of Uttar Pradesh
Katha-Kali of Kerala 7. Bihu of Assam
Kuchi- Pudi of Andhra Pradesh
Legal Services Clinic :- A legal Services Clinic, Open 24 hours on all days, has been established in Ahmedabad , to provide free services of retired high court judges and reputed lawyers.
The State of Haryana come into being on November 1, 1966 as result of the re-organization of the old Punjab state into two separate states. It consisted of the Hindi-speaking areas of Punjab, Second Language status has been given to Punjabi (1996)
Books and Authors
Life Divine-Aurobimdu Ghosh
Ain-I-Akbari is written by Abul fazal
Panchtantra-Vishun Sharma
Mahabharata-Ved Vyas
India wins Freedom –Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad
Discovery of India -Pt. J.L. Nehru
My Experiment with truth – Gandhi
Madhushala (Popular song “Rang Bares” is also written by him but sung by Amitabh Bachan) Harivansh Rai Bachan Prisoner’s Scrapbook –L.K Adbani

SPORTS :-
Agha Khan cup –Hockey , Durand cup – Football (India), Duleep/Ranji Trophy/ Reliance Cup –Cricket(India) ,Thomas Cup –World Badmintor (Men) , Davis Cup is associated with Lawn Tennis
HISTROY
Buddism : Buddhism was founded by Gautam Buddha. His original name was Gautam Siddhartha, a Kahatriya –Born in 1563 B.C. at Lumbini in Nepal. He attained enligtenment at Bodhgaya under papal tree. Buddha died at the age of 80 yrs in 483 B.C. at Kusinagar (District).He came to be known as Mahavira or Jina, The conqueror of passing ; his followers was known as Jainas. He passed away at age of 72 in 462 B.C. at Pavapuri , a place near modern Rajgir. Mahavira’ s teachings are known as the “Tri Ratna” or the three jewels of Jainism, which lead to the attainment of salvation. They are (i) Right faith (ii) Right knowledge and (iii) Right action . The jains used and developed Prakrit, the language of the common people. Their religious was written in Ardhamagadhi.
Vasco da Gama landed in calicut in 1498.
1st Chinese trayeler, Fathein came in India during a period of Chandra Gupta-II (Vikamaditya) 2nd Chinese trayeler, Hieun Tsang came in India during the reign of Harshvardhana.
Who is known as the napoleon of India –Samudra Gupta for his military exploits.
Harshavardhana has written 3 books –1. Priya Darshika 2. Rattanavali 3. Naga Nanda . The offical poet of harshvardhan was Bana bhatt. Bana Bhatt composed Harsha Chirtra and Kadambri.
First battle of Panipat was founded between Badur and Brahim Lodhi at Panipat in 1556 and founded the Mugahal dynasty in India.
Second battle of Panipat was founded between Akbar and Himu at Panipat in 1556. Akbar defeated Himu and became the rular of Delhi and Agra.
Thrid battle of Panipat was founded between Ahmed Shah Abdali of Afghanisthan and Marathas in 1761.In this third battle of Panipat, Mahathas were completely routed by Ahmed Shah Abdali.
Indian National Army was founded by Ras Bihari Boss –Prefence 1952 is also correct , Subash Chander Boss in 1943 in Singapore alongwith Rasbihari Bose. The Main aim of Azad Hind Fauz was to liberation of India.
The Brahmo Samaj was established by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828 Whose leadership was later taken by Debendernaph Tagore and Keshub Chanda Sen.
The Arya samaj was founded Swami Dayanad Saraswati in 1875 and attempted to reform the Hindu Religion from its decadence.
The Remakrishna mission was founded by Swami Vivekananda in 1896.
Annie Besant –founded Theosophical society Started Home Rule League in 1916. She was the first women President of India National Congress. Sarojani Naidu was the first Indian Women president of Indian National Congress. India National Congress founded by A. O. Hume in 1885. However, First President of Indian National Congress- W. C. Banerjee.
Swadeshi movement was started in 1905.
Gaddar Party founded at Francisco in 1913 by Lala Hardyal Singh, Home Rule League founded by Annie Bassant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak Preference in 1915 or 1916. Rowlatt Act Passed in 1919.
Non –Co –operation Movement started in 1920 by Gandhi Ji. However, non –co –operation movement ended in 1922 after Chauri Chaura Incident
Simon Commission –1927, Civil Disobedience movement –1930, “Do or die” –Mahatma Gandhi
“Man of peace” –Lal Bhadur Shastri , “Nightingale of India” –Saorjini Naidu, “Iron Man of India” –Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel, “Father of Indian unrest” –Bal Gangadhar Tilak , “Jai Hind” –Subash
Chander bose , “Architect of India” –J.L. Nehru , “Grand Old man of India” –Dada Bhai Naroji

Mughal Dynasty (1526-1540 and 1555-1857)
Mughal Art was unfluenced by Persian art
Babur –(1526-1530) 5. Jahangir –(1605-1627)
Humayun 6. Shah Jahan –(1628-1658)
Sher Shah Suri –(1540 –1545) 7. Aurangzeb –(1658-1707)
Akbar –(1556-1605)
BABUR
Founder of Mughal empire 2. 1st battle of Panipat between babur and IbrahimLodhi
HUMAYUN
Son of Babur 2. Humayun Tomb at Delhi –1st Mughal Monument
SHER SHAH SURI
1.He was an Afghan 3. Issued a coin cailed ‘Rupia’
Introduced a brilliant administration 4. Built Grand Trunk Road Linking Peshawar to Calcutta
AKBAR
1.Eldest Son of Humayun 6. Akbar’s tomb –Sikandria
2.Real Founder of Mughal empire 7. Largets building built called ‘Agra Fort’
3.Good Works done by him 8. Abul Fazal was a famous Poet who has written Aaine
4.Popular for his toleration -Akbari, Akbar -Name
5.Foundation of Din-E-illahi 9. Tulsi Das composed Ram Charit Manas .
JAHANGIR
Real Name –Salim 4. He married Mehr-Un-Nissa or Nurjahan in 1611.
Son of Akbar 5.Executed Guru Arjun Dev at the advice of Chand Shah
Jahangir’ s Tomb Built at Lahore
He is known for his Strict administration of Justice
SHAHJAHAN
Son of Jahangir 5. ‘Red Fort’ and ‘Jama Masjid’ got built at Lahore
His wife ‘Mumtaz mehal’ died in 1631 6. Imprisoned by his 3rd son Aurangzeb till he died in 1666
Built Taj Mahal in her memory in Agra
Known for promotion of Art Architecture and Culture

JAHANGIR
Real Name –Salim 5. He married Mehr-Un-Nissa or Nurjahan in 1611.
Son of Akbar 6. Executed Guru Arjun Dev at the advice of Chand Shah
Jahangir’ s Tomb Built at Lahore
He is known for his Strict administration of Justice
SHAHJAHAN
Son of Jahangir 5. ‘Red Fort’ and ‘Jama Masjid’ got built at Lahore
His wife ‘Mumtaz mehal’ died in 1631 6. Imprisoned by his 3rd son Aurangzeb till he died in 1666
Built Taj Mahal in her memory in Agra
Known for promotion of Art Architecture and Culture

AUANGZJEB
3rd son of Shah Jahan 2. Banned all religious festivals and demolished Hindu temple
Ruled for 50 years and was a cruel King
Executed Guru Teg Bahadur when he refused to embrace Islam
NADIR SHAH
A Persian King during the reign of Mohammad Shah took the ‘Kohinoor’ diamond to Afghanistan
Capital city of Maharaja Ranjit Singh –Lahore
1. Who was first Governor General of free India ? -Lord Mountbatten
2. The first Indian Governor General of free India -C. Rajagopalachari
3. Who was the first Governor General of British India ? –Warren Hasting (1772 –1793)
4. Who was the known as father of civil service in India -Lord Cornwallis (1786 –1793)
Who abolished sati pratha and other cruel rites (He is also regarded as father of modern western education in India) Lord W. Bentick (1828 –35) (Sati Pratha was abolished in 1829 with the help of Raja Ram Mohan Rai)
Who introduced widow remarriage act (1856) -Lord Dalhousie

ABBREVIATIONS
B.Ed. –Bachelor of Education C.V.T. –Classical and Vernacular Teacher
CBSE –Central Board of Secondary Education NAAC -National Assessment and Accreditation
Council
DIET – District Institute of Education and Training MHRD -Ministry of Human resource Development
DPI – Director Public Instruction MLL -Minimum Level of Learning
DEO –District Education Officer M.ED -Master of Education
ETT –Elementary Teacher Training
KG -Kindergarten
ECCE –Early Child Care and Education IGNOU -Indira Gandhi National Open University
HRD –Human Resource Development JNU -Jawaharlal Nehru University
ISBN -International Standard Book Numbering NFE -Non-Formal Education
IARI –Indian Agricultural Research Institute

AICT – All India Council of Technical Education
B.P.E.O –Block Primary Education Officer
U.G.C –University Grants Commission
UNESCO –United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization
UEE -Universalization of elementary Education
TLC -Total Literacy Campaign
TGT -Trained Graduate Teacher
SCERT -State Council of Education Research and Training
REC -Regional Engineering College
PSEB -Punjab school Education Board
PTA -Parents-Teachers’ Association
NCTE –National Council For Teacher Education
NPE -National Policy on Education
NSS -National Services Scheme
NVS -Navodaya Vidyalaya School
NET -National Eligibility Test
KVS -Kendriya Vidyalaya School
SAARC declared 1991-2000 as the Decade of Girl child
The term ‘Golden Quodrangle’ refers to National Highways Development project connecting the four Indian metro-cities
Charak was the famous court physician of Kanishka
Tropical evergreen forests of Indian are found in Kerala
Which rock is formed by the deposits of animals shells and skeletons is Limestone
Supreme court held that only the Government has authority to remit death sentence of a convict of life imprisonment
Supreme court held that the sexual harassment of woman at work place violates the fundamental rights under article 14 and 21 of Constitution of India
Supreme court held that a Hindu Husband who contract second marriage without dissolving first marriage after converting to Islam is guilty under section 494 of Indian Penal Code
Supreme court held that the appointment of Lok Pal of a State should be done in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court of that State.
Supreme Court has decided that it is well settled that evidence of eyewitnesses cannot be discarded merely on the ground that theyare relatives of the deceased
Sachin Tendulkar Is the man of the Tournamentin the recently held ICCI world Cup 2003.
Operation Iraqi freedom was the code given to America’s attack on iraq.
C.D. Sahay is the New Chief of RAW (Research and Analysis Wing )
Finance minister -Mr. Jaswant Singh
External affairs -Mr. Yashwant Sinha
Euro, the single currency of 300 millions people in 12 nation was launched on Jan 1, 2002.
Hamid Karzai : He is the President Of the Govt. in Afghaanistan.
Sir V.S. Naipaul : He is the 2001 Nobel Prize winner for literature.
Secretary General of the UN and citizen of Ghana, Kofi Annan has been given the Nobel Peace Prize (2001) for his work for a better organized and more peaceful world. He shares the prize with the United Nations.

GREAT EDUCATIONISTS & Sports G.K Questions

SPORTS
TROPHIES ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS.
1.Agha Khan Cup Hockey. 2.Dhyan Chand Trophy. Hockey.
3.Nehru Trophy. Hockey. 4.Scinda Gold Trophy. Hockey.
5.MCC Trophy. Hockey. 6.Bombay Gold Cup. Hockey.
7.Ranga Swami Cup. Hockey. 8.Gurmit Trophy. Hockey.
9.M R.S..Gold Cup Hockey 10.Santosh Trophy. Football.
11.Rovers Cup Football 12 D.C.M Trophy. Football
13Nizam Gold Cup. Football. 14.Vittal Trophy. Football.
15.G.V.R.M.Trophy. Football. 16.Durand Cup Football.
17.Ranjit Trophy. Cricket. 18.Sheesh Mahal Trophy. Cricket.
19.Daleep Trophy. Cricket. 20.Irani Cup. Cricket.
21.Rohiton Trophy. Cricket. 22.Jayalakshmi Cup. Tennis(W)
23.Barna Bellack Cup Tennis(M) 24.Rajkumari Challenge Cup. Tennis(G)
25.Ramanujan Trophy. Tennis(B) 26.Burdwan Trophy. Weightlifting.
27.Prithi Singh Cup. Polo. 28.Radha Mohan Cup. Polo.
29.Wellington Trophy. Rowing. 30.Maulana Azad Trophy. Inter.Uni.Sports and Athletics.
NATIONAL GAMES OF FAMOUS COUNTRIES.
1.INDIA Hockey 2.ENGLAND Cricket
3.AUSTRALIA Cricket 4.AMERCIA-U.S.A. Base Ball.
5.SPAIN. Bull Fighting. 6.CANADA. Ice Hockey.
7.SCOTLAND. Rugby Football. 8.JAPAN. Judo.
9.PAKISTAN. Hockey. 10.MALAYSIA. Badminton.
11.U.S.S.R. Chess. 12.BRAZIL. Football.
13.CHINA. Table Tennis.
TROPHIES ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS IINTERNATIONAL(WORLD)
1.World Cup. Hockey. 2.World Cup. Cricket.
3.World Cup Football. 4.Mardeka Cup. Football.
5.Colomboo Cup Football. 6.Jules Remit Cup. World Soccer Cup.
7.Davis Cup. Lawn Tennis. 8.Wimbledom Trophy. Lawn Tennis.
9.Swaythling Cup Table Tennis(M). 10.Corbillian Cup. Table Tennis.(W)
11.Thomas Cup. Badminton. 12.Uber Cup. Badminton(W)
13.Colombo Cup. Golf(World) 14.Walker Cup. Golf(England)
15.Ryder Cup. Golf(England) 16.Prince Of Wales Cup. Golf(England)
17.Westchester Cup. Polo(England) 18.Derby Horse Race(England)
19.Grand National Horse Race(England) 20.Amercian Cup. Yact Racing.
POPULAR NAMES.
1.Sourav Ganguli. Prince Of Calcutta,Tiger Of Bengal.
2.Tendulkar. Cricket Idol,Master Blaster.
3.Kapil Dev. Haryana Ka Tufan.
4.M.A.K.Pataudi Cricket Tiger.
5.Sunil Gavaskar. Little Master.
6.Kartar Singh(Wrestler) Punjab Kesri.
7.Milkha Singh. Flying Sikh.
8.P.T.Usha. Track Queen,Golden Girl.
9.Dhyan Chand. Hockey Wizard.
SPORTS STADIUM IN INDIA.
1.Wankhede Stadium Mumbai. 2.NetaJi indoor Stadium. Kolkata.
3.Nnehru Stadium. Chennai. 4.National Stadium. Mumbai.
5.Barbourne Stadium Mumbai. 6.Keenan Stadium Jamshedpur
7.Yadavindra Stadium Patiala. 8.Barabati Stadium Cuttak(Orissa)
9.Eden Gardens Kolkata. 10.Green Park Kanpur.
11.Shivaji Stadiuw New Delhi. 12.Salt Lake Stadium Kolkata.
13.Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium New Delhi. 14.J.L. Nehru Stadium New Delhi
PLACES ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS.
1.Aintree Grand National Horse Race(England) 2.Bisley(Eng) Shooting.
3.Blackheath Rugby Football(England) 4.Brookland(Eng) Football.
5.Barboume Stadium(Mumbai)- Cricket. 6.Chepauk Ground Cricket(Chennai)
7.Corporation Stadium(Kolkata) - Football. 8.Epsom(England) Horse Racing.
9.Donchester -St.Ledger Horse Race(England) 10.Eden Garden Cricket(Kolkatta)
11.Feroze Shah Kotla Cricket(Delhi) 12.Forest Hills(New York)- Tennis.
13.Flushihg Meadows -Lawn Tennis(USA) 14. Henley(U.K) -Derby Horse Race(Eng)
15.Hurlingham -Polo(Eng) 16.Lord’s(Eng) Cricket.
17.Oval(England) Cricket 18.Putney Cricket(Eng)
19.Rolland Garros --Lawn Tennis(France)20.Twickenham(U.K.) Rugby Football
21.Wimbledon (Eng) Lawn Tennis(Eng) 21.Wembley Stadium(Eng)- Lawn Tennis
22.Yankee Stadium(New York)- Boxing.
NUMBER OF PLAYERS ON EACH SIDE IN IMPORTANT GAMES.
1.Baseball - 2 2.Basker ball – 5 3.Net Ball - 7.
4.Cricket - 11. 5.Hockey - 11 6.Associatiobn Football - 11
7.Water Polo - 7. 8.Rughy Football - 15. 9.Lacrosse - 12.
10.Croquet - 13 or 15. 11.Polo - 4. 12.Badminton,Tennis–1 or 2.
13.Volley Ball – 6. 14.Table Tennis – 1 or 2.
SOME TYPICAL SPORTS TERMS.
1.Ashes(Cricket) 2.Checkmate(Chess) 3.Cue(Billiards)
4.Deuce(Tennis) 5.Dribble(Football; Hockey) 6.Duck(Cricket)
7.Grand Slam(Bridge, Tennis) 8.Hat Trick(Cricket,Football,Hockey) 9.Sticks(Hockey)
10.Maiden Over(Cricket) 11.Pot,Gigger,Break,Scratch,Cannons,In Baulk(Billiards)
12.Drop,Let,Smash(Badminton)13.Check,Stalemate,Gambit(Chess) 14.Cox(Boating)
15.Jockey,Punter(Horse Racing)16.Chucker,Bunder,Mallet(Polo) 17.Heave(Wrestling)
18.Huff(Draughts) 19.Bogy,Tee,Stymie,Put,Caddie,Hole,Lings(golf)
20.Offside,Dribble,Corner-kick,Penalty-kick,Throw-in,Free-kick,Handball,Hat-trick(Football) 21.Volley,Service,Love,Booster,Smasher(Volleyball)
22.Bully,Sticks,Off-side,Roll-in,Penalty,Sticking,Circle.Scoop,Under-utting,Carry,Short-corner,Hat-trick(Hockey) 23.Backhand Drive,Volley,Smash,Deuce,Service,Half Volley,Net,Fault,Let,Game Set,Ace,Service Game, Service Break(Tennis)
24.Put Out,Pitcher,Strike,Diamond,Bunting,Home(Baseball) 25.Dribble,Carrying,Shifting,Zone(Basketball) 26.Jab,Hook,Upper Cut,Punch,Knockout(Boxing) 27.Vulnerable,Revoke,Ruff,Slam,Little Slam,Grand Slam,Dummy,Trump,Tricks(Bridge) 28.LBW,Maiden-over,Googly,Silly-Point,Gully,Pitch,Third-Umpire,China-Man,Close-in,Boundary,Sixer(Cricket)
THE OLYMPIC GAMES.
The games were first held in 776 BC by the Greeks in honour of God Zenus at Olymus Mount in Greece,hence the name,and they continued till 394 A.D.The games were revived by the French Baron,Pierre de Coubertin in 1894;the modern series started in 1896 at Athens.XXVIII-2004-Athens(Greece);XXIX-2008-China(Scheduled).
ASIAN GAMES
1st in 1951-New Delhi, XV-2006-Doha(Qatar),XVI-2010-Beijing(China)
SPORTS AWARDS
1.Dronacharya Award-1985-Coaches-3 Lakh.2.Arjuna award-1961-Sports Person-3 Lakh
3.Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award-1991,1992-Sports Person 5 Lakh, 4. Abdul Kalam Azad Trophy-1956-Universties-2 Lakh-GNDU(19th Time in 2003-2004) 5.Dhyan Chand Award for life time achivment-Sports Person-2002-3Lak.
SPORTSPERSONS WHO’S WHO
1.Weightlifting-Bharti Singh,Karnam Malleswari,N.Kuhjarani Devi,Gita Rani.
2.Tennis-Anand Amritraj,Leander Paes,Mahesh Bhupathi,Vijay Amritraj,Jaidep Mukherji,Sania Mirja. 3.Swimming-Arati Saha,Nisha Mittalet 4.Football-Baichang Bhutia,I.M.Vijayan. 5.Athletics-Jyotirmoyee Sikdar,Kamaljit Sandhu,M.D.Valsama,P.T.Usha,Rosa Kutty,Sunita rani,Anju Bobby George,K.M.Beenamol 6.Badminton-Aparna ghosh,Parminder Singh 7.Billiards-Ashok Shandilya,Geet Sethi,Wilson Jones,Yasin Merchant, Pankaj Advani,Alok Kumar. 8.Shootihg-Saroj Kumari,Gangan Narng,Avneet Kaur,Abhinav Bindra,Samresh Jung,Anuja Jung,Major Rathore,Jaspal Rana,Vivek Singh,Ronak,Anjali Bhagwat,Anwar Sultan. 9.Boxing-Akhil Kumar,Gurcharan Singh,Dingko Singh,Hawa Singh,Md.Ali Qamar 10.Chess-Anupama Gokhale,Dibyendu Baura,Nisha. Mohota,S.Vijayalakshmi ,Vishwanathan Anand,K.Sasi Kiran. 11.Golf-Chiranjeev Milkha Singh,Irina Brar,Jyoti Rahdhawa,Shiv Kapoor. 12.Hockey-Ajit Pal Singh,Baljit Saini,Baljeet Singh Dhillon,Dhan Raj Pillay,Jude felix,Pargat Singh,Ramandeep Singh,Jagraj Singh,Gagan Ajit Singh 13.Wrestling-Palwinder Chimma,Surjit Mann, 14.Kabaddi-Ram Mehar Singh,E.Prasad Rao. 15.Paddling-Sukhajit Singh,Achanta Kamal,Soumyadeep Roy.16.Table Tennis-Sharath Achanta.
PLAY GROUNDS
1.Court(Badminton,Lawn Tennis 2.Ring(Boxihg.Ice-hockey.Wrestlihg)
3.Diamond(Base ball) 4.Pitch(Cricket) 5.Arena(Wrestling) 6.Green(Golf)
7.Link(Golf) 8.Rink(Skating)
SPORTS MEASURMENTS.
1.Badminton;44 ft. by 20 ft.(Doubles);44 ft,by 17 ft.(Singles)
2.Billiards;10 ft.iong,5 ft. side and 3 ft high.
3.Basketball;85 ft. by 46 ft.(Maximum Dimensions).
4.Cricket;Ground:Round or oval shaped;Wickets:22 yds.apart;Ball;8-13/14 to 9 inches in circumference and 5-3/4 oz. In weight;Bat:4-1/4 tinches maximum width and 38 inches maximum length;Bowling crease :8 inches in length;Popping crease:4 ft. from the wicket and deemed unlimited in length;strumps;27 inches out of the ground.
5.Golf:Hole;4-1/2 inches;Ball:1-1/2 oz. In weight.
6.Polo;Ground:300 yds. By 200 yds. 7.Marathon Race;26 Miles, 385 yds.
8.Table Tennis:9 ft. 6 ft, 2-1/2 ft. 9.Volley ball Court:Rectangular 30ft.by 30ft.
10.Tennis Court:78ft.by 28ft,(sin,)78ft,by,38ft.(Dou) 11.Water Polo;30yds. 20yds.
SYMBOLS OF HERITAGE.
1.Ajanta Caves-Aurangabad(Maharastra) 2.Amar Nath Cave-Jammu and Kashmir.
3.Buland Darwaza-Fatehpur Sikri(Uttar Pardesh)4.Bahai House Of Worship-Delhi
5.Charminar-Hydrabad. 6.India Gate-Delhi. 7Dilwara Temples,MountAbu-Rajasthan
8.Gandhi Sadan-New Delhi. 9.Gate Way Of India-Mumbai. 10.Jantar Mantar-Delhi.
11.Gol Gumbaj-Bija Pur(Karnataka) 12.Hawa Mehal(Place Of Wind)-Jaipur.
13.Gomateshwara-Karnataka. 14.Golden Temple-Amritsar. 15.Jagannath Temple-Puri.
16.JamaMasjid-Delhi.17.Khajuraho Temples-Madhya Pardesh. 18.Red Fort-Delhi.
19.Lingaraja Temple-Bhubneshwar(Orrisa) 20.Mahabodh Temple-Bodhgaya(Bihar)
21.Minakshi Sundareshwar Temple-Madhurai(Tamil Nadu) 22.Quatab Minar-Delhi.
23.Salim Chisti Tomb-Fatehpur Sikri. 24.Sanchi Stupa-Sanchi(Madhya Pardesh)
25.Surya Temple-Konak(Orrisa) 26.Somnath Temple-Gujrat. 27.Taj Mahal-Agra.
28.Victoria Memorial(Kolkata).29.Rashtarpati Bhawan-New Delhi.30.Vrindaban Garden-Mysore.31.Pinjore Garden-.Pinjore Haryana.32.Shalimar Garden-Shri Nagar.33.Mogal Garden-.Rashtarpati Bhawan.34.Mahabalipuram Temple-Tamil Nadu
35.Raghunath Temple-Jammu.36.Moti Masjid-Agra.37.Ellora Caves –Aurangabad.(Maharashtra).38.Elephant Caves-Mumbai.39.Kotla Nihang Khan-Near Ropar(Punjab).40.Lothal-Gujrat.
A MUSICAL WHO’S WHO.
1.Tabla Players-Samta Prasad,Alla Rakha Khan,Zakir Husan.
2.Sarod-Ali Akbar Khan,Zarin Daruwala,Saran Rani Bhakiwal,Amjad Ali Khan.
3.Sarangi-Ram Narayan. 4.SurBahar-Imanat Khan 5.Violin-V.C.Jog.
4.Sitar-RaviShankar,Late.Vilayat Khan,Nikhil Bannerji,AbdulHalem Zafar,Zubin Mehta.
5.Flute-Hari Prasad Chaursia. 6.Oddisi-Sanyukta Panigrahi,Kelucharn Mohapatra,Kiran Sehgal. 7.Bharatnaytam-Sonal Mansingh,Yamini Krishnamurti,Rukmini Devi.
9.Vocalists-Kumar Gandharva(Hindustani),Amir Khan,Bhim Sen Joshi,Mehndi Hasan(Ghazal),Jas Raj,Singh Bandhoo,D.A.Paluskar,Begum Akhtar(Ghazal),Naina Devi,Parveen Sultana,Neena Mehta,M.S.Subbulakshmi(Carnatic),Rajindra Mehta,Jagjit Singh,Chitra Singh, Parveen Sultana,Malikarjun Mansur(Hindustani),Kishori Amonkar.
10.Kathak Dancers-Birju Maharaj,Uma Sharma,Lachchu Maharaj,Roshan Kumari,Durga Lal,Sitara Devi,Gopi Krishna. 11.Kathakali-Uday Shankar,Kanju Kurup.
12.Kuchipudi-Swapnasundri,Sudha Shekar,Raja and Radha Reddy.
13.Manipuri-Charu Mathur,Sadhana Bose,Guru Bipin Singh.
FIRST IN THE WORLD AND INDIA.
1.First President of The U.S.A(Amercia)-George Washington(1789-1797).
2.First President of The U.S.S.R(Russia)-Lenin.
3.First Prime Minister of The U.K(Great Britan)-Robert Walpole.
4.First Prime Minister of Pakistan-Liaquat Ali Khan.
5.First Governor General of Pakistan-Mohammed Ali Jinnah(1947).
6.First President of Chinna-Sun Yat-Sen(1921-1925).
7.First Pope of visit India-Pope Paul VI(1964).
8.First Secretary General of The United States-Trygve Lie(Norway 1946-1953).
9.First Indian to speak in Hindi at the United Nations-A.B.Vajpayee.
10.First woman President of the U.N.General Assembly-Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit.
11.First woman Prime minister of a country-Mrs.Bandaranaika(Sri Lanka1960).
12.First man to cross the Sahara Desert-Dixonham and Hugh(England).
13.First man to set foot on the moon-Neil Armstrong(U.S.A.1969).
14.First man to climb up the Mount Everest twice-Nawang Gombu(India).
15.First Chinese Pilgrim to visit India-Fahien(401-410).
16.First Englishman to receive the Noble Prize in literature-Rudyard Kipling(1907).
17.First European invader of India-Alexandar(Greek,326B.C.).
18.First Asian to get the Nobel Prize in literature-R.N.Tarore(1913).
19.First man to climb Mount Everest-Tenzing(India) and Hillary(New Zealand)1953.
20.First Asian woman to cross the English Channel-Aarti Saha(India)1959.
21.First person to receive Rajiv Gandhi Sadbhavana Award-Mother Teresa.
22.First Indian woman Astronaut to enter space in Nov.1998-Kalpana Chawla.
23.India’s First War Museme is situated at-Bhatian(Ludhiana-Punjab).
24.The first lady Chief Minister of Punjab-Rajinder Kaur Bhattal.
25.The first lady Chief Minister of Bihar-Rabri Devi.
26.The first scientist of the world to clone an animal-Inawilmut(Scoottish-1997).
27.First Indian to enter the Indian Civil Service-S.N.Banerjee.
28.The first Indian state to impliment the Panchayati Raj System-Rajsthan.
29.The first Indian scienst to receive the Noble Prize-C.V.Raman(Physics).
30.First human statue worshipped in India was that of-Mahatma Budha.
31.First Modern Olympic Games-1896.
32.The first bank of India was-Bank of Hindustan(1770). 33.India’s First Magsaysay Award winner was-Vinoba Bhave.
34.India’s first test tube baby was-Indira(Baby Harsha).
35.First General Post Office of India was-Madras G.P.O.(1786).
36.India’s first plane to be hijacked was-Fokker Friehdship Plane(1971).
37.India’s Hill Station at the highest altitude-Gulmarg J&K(8550 ft).
38. India’s first woman cosmonaut-Kalpana Chawla of Hariyana.
39.First actress of the talkies(Alam Ara)-Zubeida(1931).
40.First Chief Justice of India-Hira Lal Kania(1950-51).
41.First telepnone line introduced in India-1851.
42.First Chairman of Prasar Bharti-Nikhil Chakravarty.
43.First Sikh University was set up in –London(1998).
44.First Indian to get Noble Prize in Economics-Prof.Amartya sen 1998)
45.First amendment in the Indian Constitution-1950.
46.India’s first fighter jet-NET.
47.First Prime Minister of India-Jawahar Lal Nehru.
48.First Deputy Prime Minister of India-Sr.Patel.
49.First President of India-Dr.Rajendra Prasad.
50.First Vice-President of India-Dr.S.Radhakrishan.
51.First Muslim President of India-Dr.Zakir Hussan.
52.First Sikh Presideht of India-Gaini Zail Singh.
53.First Dalit President of India-K.R.Narayanan.
54.First Woman Prime Minister of India-Mrs.Indira Gandhi.
55.First Prime Minister to resign from post-Morarji Desai.
56.First woman Prime Chief Minister of an Indin State-Mrs.S.K.Kriplani.
57.First Woman Governer of an Indian State-Sarojni Naidu.
58.First woman judge of Supreme Court-Fatima Biwi.
59.First woman chief justice of High court-Leela Seth.
60.First woman President of Indian National Congress-Annie Beasant(1917).
61.First woman I.P.S Officer-Mrs.Kiran Bedi
62.First Indian Miss Universe-Sushmita Sen.
63.First Indian Miss World-Reita Faria(1996)
64.First Indian woman to climb Mount Everest-Bechhendri Pal.
65.First Indian woman to swim across the English Channel-Mihir Sen.
66.First Indian woman to swim across the Palk Straits-Mihir Sen.
67.First Indian Cosmonaut-Rakesh Sharma.
68.First Indian Field Marshal- Manekshaw.
69.First Noble Prize Winner-R.N.Tagore.
70.First Mughal Emperor of India-Babar.
71.First Viceroy of India-Lord Canning.
72.First President of the Indian National Congress-W.C.Banerjee.
73.First Governor General of Indian Union-C.Rajagopalachari.
74.First Governor General of Free India-Lord Mountbatten.
75.First Talkie Film of India-Alam Ara(1931).
76.First Battle Tank Of India-Arjuna.
77.First Satellite of India-Aryabhatta.
78.First Asian Games were held in-India(1951).
79.First Indian lady to win Nobel Peace prize-Mother Teresa.
80.First Indian lady to rule over Delhi-Razia Sultana(1236-1240).
81.First actress to win Padam Shri Award-Nargis Dutt in 1958.
82.First Bharat Ratna Award Winner-C.Rajagopalchari(1954).
83.First Chairman of the Rajya Sabha-S.V.Krishna Moorthy
84.First Chief Election Commishner of India-Sukumar Sen(1950-1958).
85.First Commandar-in-Chief of the Indian Army-K.M.Cariappa(1945-1953).
86.First Home Minister of India-Sardar Patel.
87.First man to climb Mount Everest without Oxygen-Phu Dorjee(1984).
88.First Indian member of British Parliyament-Dadabhai Naoroji.
89.First woman Missionary of India-Sanghamitra Ashoka’s daughter.
90.First woman to get Sathitya Academi Award-Amrita Pritam(1956).
91.First Speaker of the Indian Lok Sabha-Ganesh Vasudeo(1952-1957).
92.First Slave ruler of India-Quatab-ud-din Aibak.
IMPORTANT MONUMENTS OF INDIA.
1.Rajghat(Samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi)-New Delhi.
2.Shakti Sthal(Samadhi of Indira Gandhi)-New Delhi.
3.Shantivan(Samadhi of Pt.J.L.Nehru)-New Delhi.
4.Vijay Ghat(Samadhi of Lal Bahadur)-New Delhi.
5.Gandhi Sadan(Where Gandhiji was assassinated in 1948)-New Delhi.
6.Kranti Maidan(Historic venue where Gandhi gave ‘quit India’call 1942)-Mumbai.
7.Tomb of Akbar-Sikandrabad(U.P.)
8.Tomb of Sher Shah Suri-Sasaram(Bihar).
INDIA’S MISSILE PROGRAMS.
1.Agni-Surface to surface ballistic missible with the range 1200-2000 KM.
2.Prithvi-Surface to surface battle field missible with range 150 to 250 KM.
3.Trishul-Surface to surface missible with range 500 meter to 9KM only.
4.Nag-Anti tank guided missible with the range 4km developed on the concept.
5.Akash-Medium range (25km) Surface to air missible.

SOME IMPORTANT POLICITAL PARTIES OF INDIA.
NAME OF PARTY SYMBOL PRESIDENT/GEN.SECY.
1.Indian National Congress -Hand -Sonia Gandhi.
2.Bhartiya Janta Party -Lotus -Rajnath Singh.
3.Communist Party of India(CP) -Earls of Corn and Sickle –A.B.Vardhan.
4.Communist Party of India(CPIM)-(Star,Sickle and Hamma)-Parkash Karat(Gen.Secy).
5.Janata Dal -Wheel -Shard Yadav.
6.Rashtriya Janta Dal(RJD) -Lalten -Laloo Yadav.
7.Samajwadi Party(UP) -Cycle -Mulayam Singh Yadav.
8.Akali Dal(Punjab) -Balance -Parkash Singh Badal.
9 Telgu Desham(Andhra Pardesh) -Cycle -Chandra Babu Naidu.
10.Lok Jan Shakti Party(Bihar) -Hut -Ram Vilas Paswan.
11.Shiv Sena(Maharashtra) -Bow and Assoni -Udhav Thakeray.
12.Bahajun Smaj Party(BSP) -Elephant -Mayavati.
IMPORTANT NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL DAYS.
1.12th Jan.-National Youth Day. 2.21st jan.-Army Day.
3.26th Jan.-World’s Customs Day. 4.30th Jan.-Martys Day.
5.28th Feb.-National Science Day. 6.2nd March.-World Day for Water.
7.4th March.-National Safety Day. 8.8th March.-Women Day.
9.15th Mar.-Disabled Day. 10.21st Mar.-World Forestry Day.
11.7th Apr.-World Health Day. 12.13th Apr.Jalllianwala Day.
13.18th Apr.-World Heritage day. 14.23rd Apr.-World Book Day.
15.24th Apr.-Manav Ekta Divas. 16.1st May.-Lobour Day.
17.3rd May.-World Press Freedom Day. 18.8th May.-Red Cross Day.
19.11th May.-Technology Day. 20.21st May.-Anti-terrorism Day.
21.24th May.-Commonwealth Day. 22.31st may.-No Tobacoo Day.
23.5th June.-Environment Day. 24.27th June.-World Diabetes Day.
25.11th July.-Population Day. 26.9th Aug.-Quit India Day.
27.15th Aug.-Independence Day. 28.20th Aug.-Sadbnavana Day.
29.29th Aug.-Sports Day. 30.5th Sep.-Teachers Day.
31.8th Sep.-Literacy Day. 32.16th Sep.-World Ozone Day.
33.27th Sep.-World Tourism Day. 34.2nd Oct.-Gandhi Jayanti.
35.2nd Oct.-World Vegetarian Day. 36.2nd Oct.-World Animal Day.
37.5th Oct.-World Habitat Day. 38.8th Oct.-Air Force Day.
39.24th Oct.-U.N.O.Day. 39.31st Oct.-National Intergration Day.
40.14th Nov.-Children Day. 41.1st Dec.-AIDS Day.
42.3rd Dec.-World Handicapped Day. 43.4th Dec.-Navy Day.
44.7th Dec.-Flag Day. 44.10th Dec.-Human Rights Day.
ART AND CULUTURE.
1.Lotus-Civitsation and Culture 2.Red Cross-Medical Service/Hospital.
3.Red Triangle-Family Planning. 4.Maharaja-Air India.
5.White Flag-Truce. 6.Red Flag-Danger/Revolution.
7.Oline Branch-Peace. 8.Red Light-Traffic Signal of ‘STOP’.
9.Green Light-Traffic Sign of ‘GO’. 10.Black Armband-Sign of Mouring in protest
11.Dove-Peace. 12.Balance Scale-Justice.
13.Black Flag-Protest. 14.Flag at half mast-National Mouring.
15.Ujjain(Madhya Pardesh)-Kumb Mela. 16.Varanasi(Uttar Pardesh)-Silk Saries,Benaras
IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL AWARDS.
1.Noble Prize-1901-Estlablished in 1967 and named after Alfred Bernhard Nobel,a chemical engineer.Awarded annually on December 10 for outstanding work in the fields of 1.Physics2.Chemistry3.Phycology and Medicine4.Literature,5.Peace,and 6.Economics.
2.Pulitzer Prize-1970-Named after the US publisher Joseph Pulitzer,Conferred annually in the USA for outstanding work in Journalism,Literature and Music.
3.Magsaysay Award-1957-Named after Ramon Magsaysay,President of the Philippines.Conferred annually on August 31,for outstanding contributions in public Service,Community Leadership,Journalism,Literature and Creative Arts,and International Understanding.
4.Templeton-1972-Named after John,M Templeton,a presbyteriah of Nassau,Bahamas,Conferred for progeress in religion.
5.Jawahar Lal Nehru Award-1965-Conffered by the Government of India for outstanding for International Understanding contributions in the promotion of international understanding,goodwill and friendship.
6.Right Livelihood Award-1980-Insituted by Jakob Voh Vexkull,a Swedish-German writer,itr is also called the ‘Alternative Nobel Prize’. Conferred annuly for practical and exemplary solutions to real problems of today.
7.Booker Prize-1968-It is a prestigious literacy award conferred annually by the Booker Company and the British Publishers Associtation.
8.Oscar-1929-Conferred annually by the Academy of Motion Pictures,Arts and Sciences.
9.Jesse Owens Global Award-1992-To honour individuals with a sports background who have made significant and lasting contribution to society.
10.Kalinga Award-1952-Set up at the initiative of Mr Biju Pathak,the founder of Kalinga Foundation Trust in Orissa.It is conterred annually by the Washigton based selection committee.
11.World Food Size-1979-The award was conceived by Dr.Norman Borlaug and financed by the Kraft General Foods. It+ is conferred annually by the Washigton based selection committee.
12.Mahatma Gandhi Peace-Instituted by the Government of India to mark the 125th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. It is worth US Dollar 10,000.
13.UN Human Rights Award-1966-The award is given every five years for individual contributions to the establishment of human rights.
MAIN DANCES OF INDIA.
1.Bharatanatyam-It,s a solo dance, originated in the temple of South Africa.
2.Kathakali-This dance is from Kerala and has origin in the courts of the kings of Kerala.
3.Mohiniattam-This dance is alsi from Kerala and is a solo dance.
4.Kucipidi-It is a solo dance popular in Andhra Pardesh,Traditionally.It is performed by men.
5.Kathak-This dance originated in North India.
6.Odisi-As the name indicates, the dance developed in Orrisa.
7.Manipuri-Manipuri is a dance form popular in the North-East India.
AUTOBIOGRAPHIES.
1.A Brush with life-Satish Gujral 2.By God,s Decree-Kapil Dev.
3.Daughter of the East-Benazir Bhutto. 4.Freedom in Exile-Dalai Lama.
5.Golden Girl-P.T.Usha. 6.I Reach for the Stars-Barbara Cartland.
7.In the Afternoon of time-Harivansh Rai Bachan 8.Mein Kamft-Adof Hilter.
9.Long Walk to Freedom-Nelson Mandela. 10.My Days-R.K.Narayan.
11My Experiments with Truth-Mahatma Gandhi.12.My Story-Kamala Das.
13.My Music, My Life-Pt. Ravi Shankar.14.My Presidential Years-R.Venkatraman.
15.The Fall of a Sparrow-Salim Ali.16.The Necked Triangle-Balwant Gargi.
17.Truth,Love and a little Malice-Khushwant Singh. 18.The Tunnel of Time-R.K.Laxman 19.The Wings of Fire-Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam.

BOOKS AND AUTHORS
1.Ajatshatru Jai Shankar Prasad 2.Anandmath Bankim Chandra Chatterji 3.Devdas Sharat Chandra Chatterjee 4.Discovery of India J.L.Nehru
5.Divine Life Swami Sivanada 6.Gitanjali R.N. Tagore
7.Godaan M.P.Chand 8.The Guide R.K.Narayan
9Hind Swaraj M.K.Gandhi 10.India Divided Rajendra Prasad
11.India of Our Dreams M.V.Kamath 12.Kadambari Bana Bhatt
13.Kamayani Jai Shankar Prasad 14. Kapal Kundal Bankim Chandra Chatterjee 15.Kayakalp Munchi Prem Chand 16. Life divine Aurobindo Ghosh
17.Malgudi Days R.K.Narayan 18. My Days R.K.Narayan
19 My Experiments With Truth M.K.Gandhi 20. .Pinjar Amrita Pritam
21. Operation Bluestar Lt. Gen. K.S.Brar 22. Panchatantra Vishnu Sharma
23. Ram Charita Manas Tulsidas 23. Ramayana Valmiki
24. Rangbhoomi Munshi Prem Chand 25.Ratnavali Harsha Vardhan
26. Saket Maithili Sharan Gupt 27. Shakuntala Kalidas
28. Swami And Friends R.K.Narayan 29. A Suitable Boy Vikram Seth
30. The God of SmallThings Arundhati Roy 31. We,Indians Khushwant Singh
32. A Brush With Life Satish Gujral 33. A Possible India Partha Chatterjee
34. A Conceptual Encyclopedia of Guru Granth Sahib S.S. Kohli
35. A Foreign Policy for India I.K.Gujral 36.Adhe Adhure Mohan Rakesh
37. A House for Mr. Biswas V.S.Naipaul 38. A Passage to England Nirad C. Chaudhuri
39 A Prisoner’s Scrap Book L.K.Advani 40. A Revolutionary Life Laxmi Sehgal
41.A Secular Aganda Arun Shourie 42. Amar Kosh Amar Singh
43.Agni Pariksha Acharya Tulsi 44. Between the Lines Kuldip Nayar
45.An Idealist View of Life Dr.S.Radhakrishnan 46. Beyond Belief V.S.Naipal
47An Unfinished Dream Dr.Verghese Kurien 48. Bharat Aur Europe Nirmal Verma
49. Bisarjan R.N. Rabindranath Tabore 50. Bharat Bharti Maithli Sharan
51. Broken Wings Sarojini Naidu 52. Chandalika R.N. Tagore 53. Conquest of Self M.K.Gandhi 54. Coolie Mulk Raj Anand..
55. Court Dancer R.N.Tagore 56. Dark Room R.K.Narayan
57.Death of a city Amirita Pritam 58.Dharamashastra Manu
59.Eassays on Gita Aurbindo Ghosh 60. Faces of Everst Maj.H.P.S. Ahiuwalia
61.Geet Govinda Jai Dev 62. Gita Rahasya Bal Gangadhar Tilak
63. Gitanjali R.N.Tagore 64.Glimpses of World History J.L.Nehru 65.Mother India Ketherine Mayo 66. 25 years Of Sunny Days Sunil Gavaskar.
67. Prison Dairy Jayaprakash Narayan 68.Third World War Humphrey Hauxley.
69.The Road Ahead, The Speed of Thought ------------ Bill Gates
70.Train To Pakistan, Delhi, A Brush With Life, The Company Of Women, Truth Love And Little Malice, Lights and Sounds of World, Notes on Great India Circus---
Khushwant Singh
71. Daughter Of The East, Pakistan -The Gathering Storm Benazir Bhutto
72.In My Own Words- Dalai Lama
QUOTATIONS OF GREAT EDUCATIONISTS.
1.The aim of all education,of all training,should be man making-Swami Vivekanand.
2.We need life building, man making, character-making assimilation of ideas-Swami vivekanand.
3.It is man making education all around that we want-Swami Vivekanand.
4.Education is the manifestation if divihe perfection already existing in men-Swami Vivekanand.
5.Education is means for character formation and righteous living-Swami Vivekanand.
6.True education beignsonly when a man turns from all external aids to the infinity with in and becomes,as it were,a nature source of original knowledge or a spring if brand of new ideas-Swami Ram Tirth.
7.Education is that which makes one,s life in harmony with all exitence and thus enables the mind to find the ultimate truth which gives us wealth of inner light and love and gives significance of life –Rabindra Nath Tagore.
8.Education is self realization and service to the people-Guru Nanak Dev.
9.Whom can we call bad,whom good,when we saw the same God within all and the master has revealed this truth to us-Guru Nanak Dev.
10.Education is the true sence is helping the individual to be mature and free,to flower greatly in love and goodness.That is what we should be interested in,and not in shaping the child according to some idealistic pattern- J.Krishnamurti.
11.A mind that has merely been trained is contitinuation of the past and such a mind can never discover the new to find out what is right education,we will nave to inquire into the whole significance if living-J.Ksishnamurti.
12.Education is the realization of the self-Shankaracharya.
13.Educations the debt due from the present to future generation-T.Raymont. s
14.Educatiopn is the process of development from infancy to maturity,the process by which he adapts himself gradually in various ways to his phycial and spiritual environment-T.Raymot.
15.It is really life that educates one is educated by one,s vocation,by home life,by friendship,by marriage,byparenthood,by recreation,by travel and so forth-T.Raymont.
16.By education,I meant all round drawing out the best in child and man-body,mind and spirit-Mahatama Gandhi.
17.The troubles of the whole world including India are due to the fact that education has become a mere intellectual exercise and not the acquisition of moral and spiritual values-Dr.Radha Krishan.
18.Education is the process of the individual mind,getting to its full possible development-Dr.Zakir Hussain.
19.Education means the bringing out the ideas of universal validity which are latent in the mind of every man.-Socrates.
20.The aim of education is to dispel error and to discover truth-Socrates.
21.If one is to be creative member of society,one must not only sustain one,s own growth,but contribute something to the growth of society-Hymayun Kabir.
22.Education is a dynamic process which in its totality changes with the changing situations and developihg circumstances.-Humayun Kabir.
23.Educated men are as superior as living are to dead-Aristotle.
24.Education is the creation of a sound mind in a sound body.It developes man,s faculty especially his mind so that he may be able to enjoy the contemplation of supereme truth,goodness and beauty of which perfect happiness essentially consists-Aristotle.
25.Education means traning for the country and love for Nation-Kautilya.
26.Human education means the training which one gets from nature-Panini.
27Education is something which makes a man self reliant and selfless-Rigveda.
28.Education has been understood as something the end product of which is Salvation-Upanishads.
29.Education is that which makes a man of good character and useful to the world-Yajnavalkya.
30.Only the educated are free-Epictetus.
31.The educatipn constitutes the special environment real factor whose function is to lead the child nearer reality,to guide him towards his utmost possible perfection-Ross.
32.The aim of education is the development of a valuable personality and spiritual individuality-Ross.
33.Like a magnet,education must have two poles-Ross
34.Education is gymnastics for the body and music for the mind-Plato.
35.The unexamined life is not worth living-Plato.
36.Edocation is the capability to feel pleasure and pain at the right moment.It developes in the body and in the soul of the pupil all the perfection which he is capable of –Plato.
37.Education does not mean teaching people what they do not know.It means teaching them to behave as they do not behave-Ruskin.
38.Education means development of self contment-Kannada.
39.Education is man’s going forward from cocksure ignorance to thoughtful uncertainly-Keenth.G.Johnsan.
40.Education should make an individual vocationally self-dfependent,intellectually vocationally self-depehdent, intellectually mature,socially efficient,culturally refihed, morallyvirtuous and spiritually advances-Dr.R.N.Safaya.
41.Education is helping the growing soul to draw out that is in itself-Aurobindo Ghosh.
42.Life is education and education is life-Lodge.
43.Education is complete living-Spencer.
44.Education begins with life-Franklin.
45.Education is the cheap defence of nations-Burke.
46.A democracy is more than a form of government,it is primarily a mode of assiciared living,a conjoint communicated experience-John Dewey.
47.School is a special environment where a certain quality of life and certain types of activities and occupations are provided with the object of securing child’s development along desirable lines-John Dewey.
48.Education is the development of all those capacities in the individual wgich will enable him to control his environment and fulfil his possibilities-John Dewery.
49. Education is a tripolar process.All education proceeds by the participation of the individual in the social consciousness of the race-John Dewery.
50. Education is the orgnaisation of acquired habits of conduct,or actions and tendencies of behavior such individual to his physial and social environment-William James.
51.The realization of all the possibilities of human growth and development is education-Francis W.Parker.
52.Education is the conscious and deliberate process in which one personality acts upon another in order to modify the development of the other by the communication and manipulation of knowledge.-John Adams.
53.Education is a bipolar process-John Adames.
54.The attainment of a sound mind in a sound body is the end of education.-John Locke.
55.Education should help the child to adjust himself phycially and mentally to his environment and to the changing circumstances of life.-Lemark.
56.Man is greater than any system of thought-Conficus.
57.Education makes a people easy to lead,but difficult to drive,easy to govern,but impossible to inslave- Lord Budda.
58.Observation more than books, experience rather than persons,are the prime educators-A.B.Aclott.
59.I believe in democracy because it releases the energies of every human being-Woodrow Wilson.
60.Since wars begin in the minds if men,it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed-UNESCO.
61.Non formal education is one which is imparted through organization and institution outside the formal education institutions-Coombs.
62.High aims from high characters and great objects bring out great minds-Tyron Edwards.
63.Everything is good as it comes from the hands of Author of Nature,but everything degenerates in the hands of man.God makes all things good.Man meddles with them and they become evil-Rousseau.
64.Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge,belief,art,morals,law,custom and any capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society-E.B.Taylor.
65.National integration is a psychological and educational process involving the development of a feeling of unity,solidarity and cohesion in the hearts of people,a sence of common citizenship and a feelihg of loyalty to the Nation-National Intergration Confrence Report,1961.
66.Adolescence is the age of great ideas and the beginning of theorics as well as the time of simple adaptation to reality-Jean Peaget.
67.All men are born as human beigns need education because they are destined to be realmen,not wild beasts,dull animals and clumps of wood-Comenius.
68.Education is the natural,harmonious,and progressive developmentof man’s innate powers-Pestalozzi.
69.Education is unfoldment of what process enfolded in the germ.It is the process through the child makes internal and external.-Frobel.
70.Education is the complete development of the individuality of the child so that he can make an original contribution to human life according to the best if his capacity.-T.P.Nunn.
71.Education is the influence of the environment on the individual with a view to producing a permanent change in his habits,behaivour,of thought and of attitude.-Thompson.
72.Education is the deliberate and systematic influence exerted by the mature person upon the immature,through instruction,discipline and harmonius,development of physical intellectual,aesthetic,social and spiritual powers of human being,according to the individual and social needs and directed towards the union of educated with his creation as the final end.-Reddin.
73.Education is the transmission of life by the living to the living.-Edward Thrilg.
74.There is only one subject matter of education and that is life in all its manifestations.-A.N.Whitehead.
75.Growth must be towards an ideal human character.-H.H.Horne.
76.Education is purposeful and ethical activity hence it is unthinkable without aims.-Riulin.
77.Without the knowledge of aims,education is like a sailor who does not know his goal or his destination and child is like rudderless vessel which will be drifted along somewhere ashore.-B.D.Bhatia.
78.Be proud that you are an Indian,proudly claim I am an Indian every Indian is my Brother-Vivekanda.
79.Geni us is one percent inspiration and nineteen percent perspiration.-Thomas adison.
80.The greatest remendy for anger is delay.-L.A.Seneca.
81.If everybody minded their own business the world would would go round a great deal faster than it does-Lewis Carroll.
82.Advice is judged by results,not by intentions-Cicero.
83.Every man’s affairs,however little,are important to himself-Samuel Johnsan.
84.The individual must die so that India may live.Today I must die so that India may win freedom and glory.
85.It is an unfortunate fact that we can secure peace only by preparing for war.-John.K.Kennedy.
86.He who can not prevent a crime which he can,encourages it.-Seneca.
87.God,as some cynic has said,is always on the side which has the best football coach.-Heywood Brown.
88.Take care to get what you like,or you will forced to like what you get.-Georage Bernaral Shaw.
89.There is no future in any job,the future lies in the man who holds the job.-G.W.Crane.
90.Impossibilty:a word only to be found in the dictionary of fools.-Napoleon Bonaparte.
91.The difficult is that which can be done immediately;The impossible is that which takes a little longer.-George Santayana.
92.The crisis of yesterday is the joke of tommorow.-H.G.Wells.
93.To the timid and hesitating every thing is impossible because it seems so.-Walter Scot.
94.A failure establishes only this,that our determination to succeed was not strong enough.-Bovee.
95.If all our misfortunes were laid in common heap,whence every one must take an equal poirtion,most people would be content to take their own and depart.-Socrates.
96.God give us grace to accept with serenty the things that can not be changed,courage to change the thihg which should be changed,and the wisedom to distinguish the one from the other.-Reinhold Neibuhr.
97.Those are not the best students who are most dependent on books.What can be got out from them is at best only material;A man must build his house for himself.-G.Machdoland.
98.The way to wealth is an plan as the way to market.It depends chiefly on two words,industry and frugality,that is waste neither time nor money;but make the best use of both.Without industry and frugality,nothing will do,and with them everything.-Frasnklin.
99.Superstition is the religion of feeble minds-Edmund Burke.
100.Despise death and you have conquered every fear.-Publilius.
101.Education has produced a vast population able to read out unable to distinguish what is worth readihg.-G.M.Trevelyan.
102.Being born,we die;our end is the conseqence of our beginning.-Manilius.
103.I never met a man I didn’t like.-Will Rogers.
104.The trouble with the world is that the stupid are cocksure and the intelligent full of doubt-Bertrand Russel.
105.Three passions,simple but overwhelmingly strong,have governed my life:the longing for love,the search for knowledge and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind-Bertrand Russel
106.Temptation usually comes in through a door that has deliberately been left open-Arnold Glasow.
107.Every man who knows how to read has it in his power to magnify,to multiply the ways in which he exists,to make his life full,significant and interestihg.-Aldous Huxely.
108.We learn from history that we learn nothing from history-George Bernard Shaw.
109.The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.-Franklin D.Roosevelt.
110.There are many scapegoats for our sins,but the most popular is prividence.-Mark Twain.
111.Big brother is watching you.-George Orwel.
112.Evil habits,once settled,are more easily broken than mended.-Quintilliian.
113.A short cut to riches is to subtract from our desires-Petrarch.
114.To maintain a fault known is a double fault.-John Jewel.
115.Consider how hard it is to change yourself and you will understand what little chance you have trying to change others.-Arnold Glasow.
116.It is with our passion,as it is with fire and water,they are good servants but bad masters-L’sstrange.
117A thing of beauty is joy for every;Its loveliness increases;It will never pass into nothingness-Keats.
118.Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some to be chewed and digested-Bacon.
119.Since brevity is the soul of wit,and tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes.I will be brief.-Shakespeare.
120.The old order changeth,yielding place to new,And God fulfils himself in many ways.Lets one good custom should corrupt the world.-Tennyson.
121.The child is father of the man.-William Wordsworth.
122.Cowards die many times before their death;The valiant never taste of death but once.-William Shakespeare.
123.I came, I saw ,I conquered.-William Shakespeare.
124.The Government of the people,by the people,for the people shall not perish from the earth.-Abraham Lincon
125.And to my fellow Americans,ask not what your country can do for you,ask what can you do for your country.-John f.Kennedy.
126.England expects every man to do his duty.-Lord Nelson.
127.Of all the nations in the world at present the English are stupidest in speech and wise in action.-Thomas Grey.
128.Oh,East is East,and West is West,and never the twain shall meet.Till Earth and Sky stand presently at God’s great judgement seat.-Rudyard Kipling.
129.But be not afraid of greatness;some are born great,some achieve greatness and some have greatness trust upon them.-William Shakespeare.
130.Knowledge is power.-Francis bacon.
131.Every despot must have one disloyal subject to keep him sane-G.B.Shaw.
132.An honest man can never surrender an honest doubt.Where ignorance is bliss,’Tis folly to be wise-Walter Malone.
133.What’s in a name?That which we call a rose,By any other name would smell as sweet-William Shakespeare.
134.Peace hath her victories,No less renown’d than war-John Milton.
135.Reading makes a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man-Francis Bacon.
136.Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thoughts-Shelly.
137.To be or not to be,that is the quation Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer.the slings and outrageous fortune;Or to take arms againsts a sea of troubles,And by opposing,end them.-William Shakespeare.
138.Know them thyself,presume not God to scan;The proper study of mankind is man-Pope.
139.Frailty,thy name is woman-William Shakespeare.
140.The great question …..which I have not been able to answer,despite my thirty years of research into the feminine soul is-what does a woman want?-Sigmund Freud.
141.More things are wrought by prayer than this world dreams of.The woods are lovely,dark and deep But I have promises to keep And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep-Robert Frost.
142.Dilli Chalo-Subhash Chandra Bose.
143.Jana Gana Mana Adhinayak Jai He.-Rabindernath Tagore.
144.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live up the true meaning of its creed….I have a dream hat my four little children will live in nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character-Marin Luther.
145.Truth and non-violence are my God-Mahatma Gandhi.
146.there is no God higher than truth-Mahatma Gandhi.
147.Let a hundred flowers bloom and let a thousand schools of thought contened-Mao Zelong.
148.Jai Jawan ,Jai Kisan-Lal Bhadur Shastri.
149.To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction-Isaac Newton.
150.Eureka Eureka-Archimedes.
151.Swarajya is my birthright-Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
152.Hey Ram-Mahatma Gandhi.
153.Theirs not to make reply,Theirs not to reasonb why,Theirs but to do or die-Tennyson.
154.Aram Haram Hai-Jawahar Lal Nehru.
155.Let us cross the river and rest in the shade-Stinewall Jackson.
156.Among freedom there can be no successful appeal from the ballot to the bullet-Abraham Lincon.
157.Just as I would not like to be a slave,so I would not like to be a master.-Abraham Lincon.
158.Every new opinion,as its starting,is precisely in a minority of one-Thomas Carlyl.
159.Where wealth accumulates,men decay-Oliver Goldsmith.
160.The reward of great men is that,long after they have died,one is not quite sure that they are dead-Jules Renard.
161.Nevertheless it moves-Galileo.
162.Power tends to corrupt,and absoulate power corrupts absoulately-Lod Acton.
163.Man is by nature a political animal-Aristotle.
164.I have nothing to offer but blood,toil,tears and sweast.-Winston Churchill.
165.Thank God,I have done my duty-Last words of Admiral Nelson.
166.To be thought rich is as good as to be rich-W.N.Thackeray.
167.A single step for a man-a giant leap for mankind-Neil Armstrong.
168.For fools rush is where angles fear to tread-Pope.
169.Necessity is the mother of invention-Unknown Latin Proverb.
170.The light has gone out….the light that shone in this country was no ordinary light…For that light represented living truth-Jawahar Lal Nehru.
171.Generations to come,it may be,will scare believe that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth-Albert Einstein.
172.Loyal and efficient work in a great cause,even thought it may not be immediately recognished,ultimately bears fruit-Jawarlal Nehru.
173….Seditious fakir striding half-nacked up the steps of the viceroy’s palace there to negotiate and parely on equal terms with the representative the King Emperor-Winston Churchill.
174.It is hard to fail but it is worse never to have tried to succeed-Theodore Roosevelt.
175.We have now to fight for peace with same courage and determination as we fought against aggression-Lal Bhadur Shastri.
176.Full many a gem of purest ray screne,The dark unfathomed caves of ocean bear-Thomas Gray.
177.Death is the end of life,ah why should life all labour be?-Alfred Lord Tennyson.
178.All is for the best in the best of possible words-Voltaire.
179.The youngman who has not wept is a savage,and the old man who will not laugh is a fool-Georage Santayane.
180.Good government is no substitute to self-government-Morley.
181Et’tu,Brute.-Shakespeare(Julics Caesar).
182.Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven-John Milton.
183.Sweet are the uses of adversity,Which like a toad,ugly and venomous,Wears yet a precious jewel in his hand-William Shakespeare.
184.Whom the gods love die young-Byron.
185.All the world’s stage.And all the men and women merely players-William Shakespeare.
186.Brevity is the soul of wit-William Shakespeare.
187.No evil can happen to a good man,either in life or death-Socrates.
188.The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved-Victor Huge.
189.Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains-Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
190.At the stoke of midnight hour when the world sleeps,India will wake to life and freedom-Jawaharlal Nehru.
191.How sharper than a serpent’s tooth it is To have a Thankless child-William Shakespeare.
192.We shall defend our island whatever the cost may be,we shall fight on the landing grounds,we shall fight in the fields and streets,we shall fight in the hills,we shall never surrender.-Winston Churchill.
GEOGRAPHY.
SUPERLATIVE INDIA.
1.Highest Airpot-Leh airpot ih ladakh(3256m/16080ft.high).
2.Largest Auditorium-Sri Shanmukhananda Hall,.Mumbai.
3.Largest Public Sector Bank-State Bank of India.
4.Largest Batanical Garden-National Botanical Garden in Kolkata.
5.Longest River Bridge-Mahatma Gandhi Setu over the Ganga at Patna(5,575m/18286ft.long).
6.Longest Sea Bridge-Anna Indira Gandhi Bridge connecting the island of Rameshwaran with Mandapam in Tamil Nadu(2.34km.Long).
7.Biggest Cantilever Bridge-Rabindra Setu(also called Howrah Bridge)Hoogi river in Kolkata(457m/1499ft.iong).
8.Longest Canal-Indira Gandhi Canal or Rajasthan Canal(959km.long).
9.Largest Cave-Amarnath(about 44 km from Pahalgam in Jammu and Kashmir).
10.Largest Cave Temple-Elora(Maharashtra).
11.Oldest Chruch-St.Thomas Church at Palayer in Trichur district in Kerala built in 52 AD.
12.Largest Church-St.Cathedral at old Goa,10km from Panaji.
13.Most Populous City-Mumbai.
14.Longest Corridor-Corridor in Ramanathaswamy Temple at Rameswaram,Tamil Nadu(1220m/4002ft.long).
15.Highest Dam-Bhakra Dam on Sutlej river in Punjab(226m/738ft.high and 518m/1699ft.long).
16.Longest Dam-Hirakund Dam on Mahanadi river in Orrisa(24.4km.long).
17.Largest Delta-Sunderbans(75,000sq.km.)formed by the Ganga and Brahmaputra in West Bengal and Bangladesh.
18.Largest Dome-Gol Gumbaj,Bijapur in Karnatka.
19.Highest Gateway-Buland Darwaja at Fatehpur Sikri near Agra.Built by Akbar(53.5m/175ft.long).
20.Longest Glacier-Siachen Glacier on the Indo-Pakistan border(75.6km.long and 2.8km wide).
21.Largest Gurudwara-Golden Temple at Amritsar.
22.Highest Hydel Power Station-Rongtong Hydel Project in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh.
23.Largest Lake-Wular Lake,Kashmir.
24.Largest Fresh Water Lake-Kolleru in Andhra Pradesh.
25.Largest Library-National Library,Kolkata.
26.Oldest Monastery-Buddhist Monastery,(situated at an altitude of 3,048m/10,000ft.)at Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh.
27.Largest Mosque-Jama Masjid,Delhi(built by Shah Jahan in 1644-58).
28.Highest Mountain Peak-Kanchenjunga.
29.Largest Museum-Indian Museum,Kolkata.
30.Largest Planetarium-Birla planetarium,Kolkata.
31.Largest Prison-Tihar Jail,Delhi.
32.Longest Railway Bridge-Dehri-on-Sone Railway bridge over the Sone river near Sasaram on Kolkata-Delhi main line.
33.Longest Passenger Train Route-Jammu Tawi-Kanyakumari(3730km.).
34Fastest Train-Shatabdi Express between New Delhiand Bhopal at a speed on 140kmph.
35.Longest Railway Platform-Kharagpur in West Bengal(833m/27333ft.)Also World’s longest.
36.Largest Refinery-IOC refinery at Koyah(Gujarat).
37.Largest Tribe- gond.
38.Largest Concentration of Seheduled Tribes-Madhya Pradesh.
39.Longest River-Ganga(2640km.long).
40.Longest Road-Grand Trunk road from Kolkata to Delhi.
41.Highest Road-Road at Khardungla in thr Leh-Manali Sector.
42.Largest State in Area-Rajasthan.
43.Smallest State in Area-Ooa.
44.Most Populaed State-Uttar Pradesh.
45.Least Populated State-Sikkim.
46.Most Densely Populated State-West Bengal.
47.Least Densely Populated State-Arunachal Pradesh.
48.Most Literate State-Kerala.
49.Most Women State-Kerala.
50.Tallest Statue-Statue of Jain Siant Gomateswara at Sravanabelagola in Karnataka.
51.Largest Stupa-Great Stupa of Sanchi,Madhya Pradesh.
52.Largest Tunnel-Jawahar Tunne,Banihal Pass(Jammu and Kashmir).
53.Largest Union Territory in Area-Andaman and Nicobar Island(8,249 sq.km.).
54.Smallest Union Territory in Area-Lakshadweep(60,595).
55.Most Literate Union Territory-Lakshadweep.
56.Highest Waterfall-Jog Waterfall,Karnataka.
57.Largest Zoo-Zoological Gardens,Kolkata.
RIVERSIDE CITIES-INDIA & WORLD.
1.Alexandria-Nile-Egypth. 2.Amsterdam-Amsel-Netherlands.
3.Antwerp-Scheldt- Belgium. 4.Agra-Yamuna-Uttar Pradesh.
5.Ahmedabad-Sabarmati-Gujrat. 6.Ayodha-Saryu-Uttar Pradesh.
7.Baghdad-Tigris-Iraq. 8.Berlin-Spree-Germany.
9.Bonn-Rhine-Germany. 10.Budapest-Danube-Hungary.
11.Badrinath-Ganges-Uttar Pradesh. 12.Cairo-Nile-Egypth.
13.Canton-Canton-China. 14.Cuttak-Mahanandi-Orrisa.
15.Delhi-Yamuna-Delhi. 16.Dibrugarh-Brahmaputra-Assam.
17.Ferozepur-Sutlej-Punjab. 18.Glasgow-Clyde-Scotland.
19.Guwahati-Brahmaputara-Assam. 20.Hamburg-Fibe-Germany.
21.Hardwar-Ganges-Uttar Pradesh. 22.Hyderabad-Musi-Andhra pradesh.
23.Jabalpur-Narmbada-Madhya Pradesh24.Karachi-Indus-Pakistan.
25.Kanpur-Ganges-Uttar Pradesh. 26.London-Thame-England.
27.Ludhiana-Sutlej-Punjab. 28.Montreal-Ottawa-Canada.
29.Moscow-Moskva-Russia. 30.New York-Hudson-USA.
31.Nasik-Godawari-Maharashtra. 32.Paris-Seine-France.
33.Pandharpur-Bhima-Maharashtra. 34.Patna-Ganges-Bihar.
35.Quabec-St Lawrehce-Canada. 36.Rangoon-Irawadi-Burma.
37.Rome-Tiber-Italy. 38.Sambalpur-Mahanadi-Orrisa.
39.Srinagar-Jhelum-Jammu and Kashmir.40.Surat-Tapti-Gujrat.
41.Tokyo-Sumida-Japan. 42.Tiruchirapalli-Cauveri-Tamil Nadu.
43.Vienna-Danube-Austria. 44.Varanasi-Ganges-Uttar Pradesh.
45.Vijayawada-Krishma-Andhra Pradesh.46.Warsaw-Vistula-Poland.
47.Washington-Potamac-USA.
FAMOUS SITES-WORLD.
1.Ai-Aqusa-Jerusalem. 2.Big Ben-London. 3.Brandenberg Gate-Berlin.
4.Brown House-Berlin. 5.Colossium-Rome. 6.Buckingham Palace-London.
7.Downing Street-London.8.Eiffel Tower-Paris. 9.Fleet Street-London.
10.Harley Street-London.11.Hyde Park-London.12.India House-London.
13.Kabba-Mecca. 14.Kremlin-Moscow. 15.Leaning Tower-Pisa(Italy).
16.Louvre-Paris. 17.Merdeka Palace-Jakarta.18.Oval-London.
19.Pentagon-Washigton. 20.Potala-Nanking. 21.Pyramid-Eygpt.
22.Red Square-Moscow. 22.Scotland yard-London.23.Shew-dragon Pagod-Rangoon.
24.Sphinx-Egypt. 25.Statue of Liberty-New York.26.Vatican-Rome.
27.Wailing Wall-Jerusalem.28.Wall Street-New York. 29.Westminster Abbey-London.
30.White Hall-London. 31.White House-Washigton.

IMPORTANT REVOLUTIONS-
1.Green Revolution-Food Production. 2.Blue Revolution-Fish Production.
3.Brown Revolution-Fertilizers Production 4.White Revolution-Milk Production.
5.Red Revolution-Meat/Tomato Production.6.Yellow Revolution-Pulse Production.
SOURCES OF REVENUE.
INDIRECT TAXES-Income tax,Corporate tax,Wealth tax,Estate tax,Gift tax,Expenditure tax,Interest tax.
DIRECT TAXES-Sale tax,Service tax,Exise tax,Custom tax,Value added VAT),Important duties.
BANKING-The first Bank of limited liability managed by Indians was`Oudth Commercial Bank’founded in 1881.After it,Punjab National Bank was established in 1894.
*The Banking Regulation Act,1949 provided the legal framework for regulation of the banking system by Reserve Bank of India(RBI).The RBI was established in 1935.The Bank is the sale authority for issue of currency in India other than one rupee notes.
*The largest Bank-Imperial Bank of India-was nationalised in 1955 and rechirstened as State Bank Of India(SBI).
*The Government issued an ordinance on 19July,1969 acquiring ownership and control of 14 major bankes in the Country.Six more commercial banks were nationalished from 15 April,1980.
PLANNING IN INDIA.
PLANNING COMMISION-The Planning Commision was set up in 1950.It is an advisory body.The Prime Minister is its ex-offico Chairman.It makes plans for the Union as well as the states.The Planning Economy in India is based on the mixed economy system.
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL-The National Development(NDC)set up in 1952 has as members the Chief Ministers of all states as also members of the Planning Commision.It is presided over by the Prime Minister of India as Chairman.It helps in working out common policies in the important spheres of the country’s economy and thus ensures balanced economic development of the country as a whole.It helps in the mobilization of resources and efforts all over the country.The five year plans are finally approved by the National Development Council.
FIVE YEARS PLANS AT A GLACE.
1.First Plan-1951-52 to 1955-56. 2.Second Plan-1956-57 to 1960-61.
3.Third Plan-1961-62 to 1965-66. 4.Annual Plan-1966-67 to 1968-69.
5.Fourth Plan-1969-70 to 1973-74. 6.Fifth Plan-1974-75 to 1977-78.
7.Annual Plan-1978-79 to 1979-80. 8.Sixth Plan-1980-81 to 1984-85.
9.Seventh Plan-1985-86 to 1989-90. 10.Eighth Plan-1992-93 to 1996-97.
11.Ninth Plan-1997-2002. 12.Tenth Plan-2002 to 2007.
ECONOMY BYTES.
MIXED ECONOMY-China is the example of Socialist Economy while USA and UK are the examples of Liberal Economy.The term-mixed economy clearly supports the co-existence if both private as well as public sector in the Indian economy.But Indian Economy is gradullyb leading towards the`Liberal Economy’as the result of `New Liberal Policy’ adopted by the government of India since 1991.
VALUE ADDED TAX(VAT)-A tax on the differente between the inputs,and outputs of a process.The tax is levied at each stage in the chain from the raw material,through to the customer who buys the finished product.Every time the items change hands,tax is paid by buyer of items.
SOME SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CENSUS-2001

MIXED ECONOMY-China is the example of Socialist Economy while USA and UK are the examples of Liberal Economy. The term-mixed economy clearly supports the co-
existence if both private as well as public sector in the Indian economy. But Indian Economy is gradually leading towards the Liberal Economy’s the result of `New Liberal Policy’ adopted by the government of India since 1991.
VALUE ADDED TAX(VAT)-A tax on the difference between the inputs, and outputs of a process. The tax is levied at each stage in the chain from the raw material, through to the customer who buys the finished product. Every time the items change hands, tax is paid by buyer of items.
SOME SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CENSUS-2001.
Total Population-1027 million[on Ist March,2001].
Men-531.3 million. Women-495.7 Dentisty-324 persons per sq.km.
Sex Ratio-933(Woman per 1000 men) Highest Sex Ratio-Kerala(1058).
Lowest Sex Ratio-Haryana(861). The most densely populated state-West Bengal(904)
The most populated state-Uttar Pradesh. Decadal growth-21.3%.
Urban population-27.78% Rural population-72.22% LiteracyRate-65.38%
Male Literacy rate75.85% Female Literacy Rate-54.16%
State with highest Literacy-Kerala(90.92%) (followed by Mizoram).
State with lowest Literacy-Bihar(47.53%).
WORLD MARKETS.
1.Bombay Stock Exchange-Sen sex. 2.National Stock Exchange-CNX Nity.
3.New York Stock Exchange-Dow Jones.4.Germany Stock Exchange-Xetra Dax.
5.Singapore Stock Exchange-S.T.Index. 6.France Stock Exchange-CaC 40.
7.Japan Stock Exchange-Nikkel. 8.London Stock Exchange-FSTE.
9.Korea Stock Exchange-Kaspi. 10.Hongkont Stock Exchange-Hong Seng.

AFFECTING DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY.
1.AIDS-Immune System. 2.Arthirits-Joints. 3.Cataract-Eyes 4.Conjunctivitis-Eyes.
5.Dermatitis-Skin. 6.Eczema-Skin. 7.Glaucoma-Eyes. 8.Hepatitis-Liver.
9.Pyorrhoea-Teeth. 10.Pleuisy-Lungs. 11.Rheumatism-Joihts. 12.Tuberculosis-Lungs.
13.Filariasis-Feet. 14.Scurvy-Skin and Blood.15.Cyastritis-Stomach.16.Rabis- Brain.
17.Appendicitus-Appendix. 18.Rickets-Joints of children’s Bones. 19.Tracoma-Eyes.
20.Cholera-Stomach 21 .Pneumonia-Lungs. 22.Malaria-Liver and RBCs 23.Jaundice-Liver. 24.Goitre-Thyroid,Joints 25.Asthma-Respiratory Tract.
26.Diabetes-Pancreas,blood. 27.Polio-Nervous System, legs. 28.Thypoid-Intenstihe.
29.Mums-Slivary Glands. 30.Diphtheria-Thorat.31.Jaundice-Liver.
32.Atherosclerosis-Heart and Blood vascular system.
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS.
1.TLC-Blood Test Total Leucocytes Count .
2.DLC-Blood Test Differential Leucocytes Count.
3.HIV-AIDS Test. 4.SGPT_Liver test.
5.M.P.-Malaria Test. 6.SGOT_Liver Test.
7.E.S.R.-Test for T.B. 8.V.D.R.L.-For Sexual Transmitted Diseases.
9.Mantoux Test-Test for T.B. 10.Sercum Creatinine-Kidney functioning Test.
11.Serum Billirubin-Jaundice Test. 12.Widal Test-Typhoid.
13.Uric Acid-Arthritis . 14.RA-Rheumatic Pains.
HUMAN BODY AT A GLACE OF HUMAN BEINGS WEIGHING 70 KG.
1.Body weight-70kg. 2.Jack of all trades-Skin.
3.Thinnest skin-Conjuctiva.(eye) 4.Total no. of bones-206.
5.Smallest bone-Stapes. 6.Longest bone-Femur.
7.Total Verebrae-33. 8.Total no of muscles-639.
9.Smallest muscle-Stapedius(eaer). 10.Longest muscle-Buttok Muscle,Sartorius.
11.Largest gland-Liver. 12.Longest nerve-Sciatic.
13.Largest vein-Inefrior Vena Cava. 14.Largest Artery-Abdominalaorta.
15.Weight of Brain-1300gm. 16.Hardest part-Tooth enamel.
17.Common blood groups-A,B,AB,O. 18.Total amount of blood in body-5.5 rs.perature
19.Longest cell of body-Nerve cell. 20.Largest slivary gland-Parotid gland.
21.Largest endicrine gland-Thyroid. 22.Normal body temprature-98.6 F(37 C)
NATURAL ACIDS.
1.Acetic acid-Vinegar. 2.Amino acid-Protiens. 3.Ascorbic acid-VitaminC.
4.Citric acid-Lemon/citrus fruit. 5.Hydrocloric acid-Digestive juices. 6.Lactic acid-Milk.
7.Malic acid-Unripe apples/fruits.8.Tannic acid-Tea. 9.Uric acid-Urine.
THE VITAMINS
1.Vitamin A-Night blindness,xerophthalmia,reatarded growth-Animals oils such as liver oil of certain fish,egg yolk and yellow and green vegetables.
2.Vitamin Bi(Thimine) –Beriberi,retarded growth.-Outer seed coats of cereal grains,yeats,meat.
3.VitaminB2(Riboflavin)-Cataract,defective skin patches around mouth and ear.d with B and other members of vitamin B-Complex.
4.Vitamin B6(Phyridoxine)-Mild anemia,growth of lympth tissues,low count to leucocytes and antibodies,low resistance ti infections-Meat,eggs,nuts and cereals.
5.Vitamin B(Niacin)-Pellagra-All food rich in any of the vitamins in the B-Complex.
6Vitamin B12(Cobalamin)-Perinicious anaemia.
7.Vitamin C(Ascorbic acid)-Scurcy,retarded growth-Lemon,orange and vegetables.
8.Vitamin D(Calcifirol)-Rickets(children),Osteomalacia(adults)-Animal oil,butter milk and fish liver,solar ultraviolet raya.
9.Vitamin E(Tocopherol)-Sterility,muscular paralysis-Vegetables and animal oil,soyabins.
10.Vitamin K(Phylloquinone)-Improper coagulation of blood,improper growth-Leafy vegetables,oats.

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