M.SC. (HONS.) IN ANTHROPOLOGY
Semester II
AHS 421 Primatology
Total: 65
Semester Exam.: 50
Internal Assessment:
15
Objectives: This paper introduces the student to two areas of
Physical Anthropology, namely, Taxonomy evolutionary tendencies and social
behaviour of Living Primates. The paper
lays the basis for the student to understand further course work in
Anthropology. This paper will increase the skill of its pursuant in the area of
working with biosocial aspects of Primate Diversity. The paper will help the student to use a
holistic approach while working in human situations.
SECTION-I
Taxonomy,
classification and general survey of living primates. Man in the scheme of evolution.
SECTION-II
Evidences of dentition, skull,
limbs, brain, special senses, digestive system, reproductive system. Evolutionary radiation of the primates.
SECTION-III
Introduction to
primate behavior – concepts, methods and use in Anthropology.
Review of Grades of social
organisation in primates.
SECTION-IV
Description of major social
behavioural categories. Theories to
explain group living in primates.
Note:
1. For the semester examination a total of nine
questions will be set, two each from each of the sections I, II, III, IV. There
will be one compulsory question of 8 to 10 short answer type questions covering
the whole syllabus. There will be no choice in the compulsory question.
- Students will be required to attempt five questions,
choosing one question from each of the sections I, II, III, IV and the
compulsory question.
- All questions will carry equal marks.
Total: 65
Semester Exam.: 50
Internal Assessment:
15
Objectives: This introductory course is designed to provide
students with an understanding of European and Indian prehistory from the time
of the earliest hominids to the development of the civilizations. The students
will receive both lectures and hands-on-instructions in the principals,
techniques, methods and theory of Prehistoric Archaeology with actual artifacts
and other material remains from various archaeological sites. The course includes
the prehistoric record of cultural achievements of early man. The main goal of
the course is to instill an understanding and appreciation of the record of
European and Indian prehistory through artifacts and archaeological sites.
SECTION-I
Palaeolithic
Cultures:
Material
culture of early hominids- Olduwan Culture, Abbevillian-Acheulian developments
in Europe and allied developments in India (Didwana, Soan Valley, Hunsgi)
(Lower Palaeolithic).
SECTION-II
Material
culture of Neanderthaloids-Levallois and Mousterian cultures in Europe and
allied developments in India
(Bhimbetka, Nevasa) (Middle Palaeolithic).
Material
culture and art of Homo sapiens-Development of Advance-Hunter Culture in
Western Europe and allied developments in India
(Renigunta, Billa Surgam (Upper Palaeolithic ). Upper Palaeolithic art of Europe .
SECTION-III
Evolution
of Early Holocene cultures in Europe (Mesolithic
Culture). Prehistoric Art in India .
Neolithic
Cultural Developments: Origin and development of food production in West Asia
and Near East .
Neolithic cultural pattern of India
SECTION-IV
Bronze Age
Civilization in India :
Harappan Civilization – Extent, town planning, architecture, art, seals,
Mesopotamian contact, dockyard at Lothal and decline of Harappan Civilization.
Note:
1. For the semester examination a total of nine
questions will be set, two each from each of the sections I, II, III, IV. There
will be one compulsory question of 8 to 10 short answer type questions covering
the whole syllabus. There will be no choice in the compulsory question.
2
Students will be required to attempt five questions,
choosing one question from each of the sections I, II, III, IV and the
compulsory question.
3. All questions will carry equal marks.
AHS- 423 Palaeoprimatology
Total: 65
Semester Exam.: 50
Internal Assessment:
15
Objectives: This course is designed to provide basic knowledge
about the fundamental concepts of palaeoanthropology. The course deals with the
taxonomy, morphology, fossil material, chronology, behaviour, adaptations,
affinities, geographical distribution of major Palaeocene to Pliocene fossil
Prosimian, anthropoid and hominoid fossil primates from India, including the Siwaliks, and other
parts of the world. The main aim of the paper is to sufficiently equip a
student with fundamental concepts and techniques of palaeoanthropology so that
he/she can understand and appreciate the advanced concepts of human evolution
to be taught in M.Sc. (Hons.) Second Year.
SECTION-I
Early
primate fossils – diagnosis, description, spatial and temporal distribution and
phylogenetic status of families.
SECTION-II
Plesiadapidae
(Plesiadapis); Adapidae (Northaractus, Adapis, Indraloris
and Sivaladapis), Lemuridae (Megaladapis) and Lorisidae (Mioeuticus
and Nycticeboides).
SECTION-III
Fossil
Monkeys and apes of the world, particularly of India-Diagnosis, description and
distribution in time and space and phylogenetic status of the following: Pondaungia, Aegyptopithecus.
SECTION-IV
Diagnosis,
description and distribution of Oreopithecus,
Macaca, Presbytis, Theropithecus, Gigantopithecus and Sivapithecus.
Note:
1. For the semester examination a total of nine
questions will be set, two each from each of the sections I, II, III, IV. There
will be one compulsory question of 8 to 10 short answer type questions covering
the whole syllabus. There will be no choice in the compulsory question.
- Students will be required to attempt five questions,
choosing one question from each of the sections I, II, III, IV and the
compulsory question.
3.
All questions will carry equal marks.
AHS- 424 Social
Structure and Culture Change
Total: 65
Semester Exam. : 50
Internal Assessment:
15
Objectives: Human societies are complex systems that
are defined by the normative principles of social structure and are
continuously subjected to processes of cultural change. This paper introduces
students to the diverse nature of institutions that constitute the complexity called
society.
SECTION-I
Groups and Institutions; Folkways,
Status and Role, Tribe,
Economic
Anthropology: Characteristics of simple small-scale economies and peasant
economies; Formalist, Substantivist and Marxist approaches to the study of
economic phenomena among non-agricultural societies and peasant
communities. Concepts of ownership,
production, distribution and exchange in simple societies.
SECTION-II
Political
Anthropology: Meaning and Scope; Locus of power, State and stateless Societies.
Legal
Anthropology: Meaning and scope: Law and sanctions, Customs and Mores; Norms
and Values.
SECTION-III
Anthropology of Religion: Meaning
and function of religion; Theories of origin of religion; Animism, Animatism,
Totem and Taboo, Magic, Science and Religion.
Witchcraft and Sorcery; Symbolism and Religion.
SECTION-IV
Social and Cultural Change and
usage of anthropological knowledge in its understanding.
Note:
1. For the semester examination a total of nine
questions will be set, two each from each of the sections I, II, III, IV. There
will be one compulsory question of 8 to 10 short answer type questions covering
the whole syllabus. There will be no choice in the compulsory question.
- Students will be required to attempt five questions,
choosing one question from each of the sections I, II, III, IV and the
compulsory question.
3.
All questions will carry equal marks.
AHS- 425 Cytogenetics
and Evolutionary Genetics
Total: 65
Semester Exam.: 50
Internal Assessment:
15
Objectives: The course is designed to impart basic
knowledge of concepts and fundamentals of the science of Human Genetics. The course aims to enhance skills of the
students so that they are adequately equipped to pursue research in the field
of human genetics. Besides, the knowledge is imparted with emphasis to explain
how prevalence of diseases existing in the present day human populations be
explained on basis of genetic evolutionary and bio-cultural principles. Each student has to participate in workshops
and seminar based on problems relating to human genetics.
SECTION I
Chromatin
structure and organization: Histones, DNA; Nucleosome and higher level
organization; Metaphase chromosome morphology: centromere and kinetochore,
telomere.
SECTION-II
Human karyotype: Classification of human chromosomes, Chromosomal
banding techniques, nomenclature of banding; Nomenclature of aberrant
karyotypes Chromosomal Aberrations: Numerical; Common syndromes due to
numerical chromosome changes; Structural; Common syndromes due to structural
alterations (translocations, duplications, deletions, inversions and fragile
sites)
Gene mutation: Types; molecular basis of gene
mutations, causes of gene mutations
SECTION III
Pedigrees- gathering family history,
pedigree symbols, construction of pedigrees, Mode of inheritance from pedigree
data: Autosomal inheritance-dominant, recessive; Sex-linked inheritance,
Sex-limited and sex-influenced traits, mitochondrial inheritance,
SECTION-IV
Twins and twinning in man: Type of twins,
Biology of twinning, Frequency of twinning in human population, diagnosis of
zygosity, genetic inference from twin studies
Genetics and disease susceptibility,
Evolutionary significance of disease: Diabetes mellitus and colour vision
anomalies.
AHS- 426 Inferential
Statistics and Field Methods
Part-A:
Inferential Statistics (Theory)
Total: 35
Semester Exam.: 25
Internal Assessment:
10
Objectives: This paper introduces the student to the
fundamentals of Univariate Statistics that is necessary for population
studies. The paper enables the student
to understand and apply inferential statistics.
The paper focuses on both parametric and nonparametric statistics. The main objective is to enable the student
to understand and apply statistical techniques in anthropological and
population research. This course aims to develop in the student the skills to
plan surveys and experiments that aim to collect population data. This course will also develop necessary
skills to make simple analysis and presentations of the data leading to logical
inferences. The course will be the
foundation of more complex study of multivariate procedures should be student
so wish to pursue. The skills acquired
as a result of this course will enable the student to seek careers in various
fields of population research and services.
SECTION-I
Testing of statistical hypothesis, single sample tests
involving means proportions. Two sample
tests, differences between means and proportions. Student’s-test, Chi-square test and F-test.
SECTION-II
Introduction to non-parametric statistics. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. Kolomogrov-Smirnov one sample and two sample
test.
SECTION-III
Introduction to simple analysis of variance and two way
analysis of variance. Kruskal-Wallis
one-way analysis of variance. Friedman
two-way analysis of variance.
SECTION-IV
Linear correlation and regression. Standard error of estimate. Tests of significance involving coefficients
of linear correlation coefficient.
Introduction to probit analysis and use in anthropological
research.
Part B: Field Methods (Practical)
Total: 35
Semester Exam.: 24
Internal Assessment:
06
Genealogies and Pedigrees: Differences between Genealogies
and Pedigrees: Sign and symbols used in collection and presentation of
Genealogies and Pedigrees. Genealogical
narratives and Genealogical Diagrams.
Collection of data on kinship, marriage and mating patterns, and
microdemographic variables. Use of
Pedigrees for study of inherited traits.
Observation
as a technique of research, Participant and non-participant observation. Schedules and questionnaires, their
preparation and use for the collection of bio-social data.
Interview
method: Preparation of interview guide and conduct of interview. Key informant
method. Case study and extended case study method.
PRA/RRA.
Grounded theory. Focus groups.
AHS- 427 Practical
in Physical Anthropology II
Total: 55
Semester Exam.: 44
Internal Assessment:
11
Objectives
This Practical paper helps the
student to understand the gross anatomy of the human skeleton. The work is done
on actual skeletal material (of which the department has several). The course
also helps to develop an understanding of the age changes and the sex
differences in the human skeleton.
The student is enabled to acquire
knowledge of the human skeleton that is essential in the pursuit of careers and
research in human evolution, human growth and development, forensic sciences,
primatology and applied Para- medical
sciences.
The practical work will involve
study on human and non-human primate skeletal material
Section-A: Pectoral girdle – Hipbone, lower limb, Femur,
Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Skeleton of foot (articulated), Determination of age and
sex from Human skeleton. Comparative osteology of the skull of Man, Ape, Monkey
and Loris.
Section: B
Somatometry on the human Body.
AHS- 428 Practical
work in Human Evolution II
Total: 55
Semester Exam. : 44
Internal Assessment:
11
Objectives: The course is
aimed to provide practical training in the laboratory and field techniques used
in palaeoanthropology and prehistoric archaeology. The course provides hands-on
information about the identification, illustration and description of various
stone tools, seals, pottery, and other objects of various prehistoric periods.
Information about the identification of common raw materials used in the
fabrication of artifacts is also provided. In addition, practical training is
imparted to the students in various techniques used in the collection,
preparation, identification, illustration, moulding and casting and photography
of fossil material. Training is also imparted in the identification of various
rock types and the use of essential field equipment. One of the aims of the
course is to train students in basic dental morphology of important mammalian
groups with an emphasis on primate dentitions. The class-room teaching is
supplemented with field-trips to palaeoanthropological and archaeological
sites.
Identification, illustration and
description of various tools of Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic
cultures. Seals, Pottery, Terracotta
figurines and other objects of Indus
Valley
Methods of identification of
fossils with particular reference to primates (casts). Dental morphology and taxonomy of selected
fossil groups and their illustration, interpretation and reporting style.
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