M. Sc. (H.S.) in ANTHROPOLOGY
2nd year
Semester-III
AHS- 531 Human
Growth and Somatotyping
Total: 60
Semester Exam.: 45
Internal Assessment:
15
Objectives: The objective of this paper is to acquaint the students
with patterns of human growth and physique in relation to evolutionary biology.
SECTION-I
Introduction:
Concept and basic principles of growth; Human
physical growth as a primate characteristic; growth processes; Measurements and
Standards of Growth: Longitudinal, Cross-sectional &
Mixed-longitudinal growth curves; Phases of growth-pre-natal and post-natal: Infancy Childhood, Adolescence, Puberty and Senescence.
SECTION-II
Developmental processes and
measures of maturity like skeletal, dental and sexual maturity and their
relationships. Aging Processes: theories of aging/morbidity- mortality relationships/
senescence of specific systems. Hereditary and Environmental Influences on
growth; Secular Trends
SECTION-III
Sheldon’s Method of Somatotyping: Endomorphy,
Mesomorphy, Ectomorphy, Technique of Somatotyping, Somatochart.
SECTION-IV
Health & Carter Modified Somatotype
Method: Concept and background, Somatotype components, measurements used,
somatochart and somatotype plotting; somatotype dispersion index, somatotype
dispersion distance.
AHS- 532 Human
Ecology
Total: 60
Semester Exam.: 45
Internal Assessment:
15
Objectives: Ecological Anthropology concentrates on basic
scientific and academic research on the relationship between human population
and ecosystems with an emphasis on the influence of culture. The paper also
facilitates understanding of the mechanisms of human adaptation to
environmental stress.
SECTION-1
Basic
concepts of ecology, ecosystems and organization of ecosystems, Ecology of
human populations, Environmental Anthropology, Environmental Determinism,
Environmental possibilism, Cultural Ecology, Ecological models, Biological and
Evolutionary approaches to human ecology.
SECTION-II
Resources
and Community Ecology: Resources, Major types of human subsistence patterns,
Community ecology; Human populations and resource distribution; Concept of
ecological assessments.
SECTION-1II
Stressors:
Stress and environmental Physiology, Human Adaptation to temperature variations
(hot and cold). Adaptation to High
Altitude, Ultra-Violet Radiation, High Activity and other Physical Stressors.
SECTION-IV
Modernization and Chronic
Disease; Major chronic diseases in modernized human populations; Pollution,
General Stress and Chronic Disease; Adiposity and Chronic Disease.
AHS- 533 Human
Demography
Total: 60
Semester Exam. : 45
Internal Assessment:
15
Objectives: Demography, Epidemiology and Public Health have both
biological and socio-cultural dimensions and are of much value to
anthropology. This course on these
subjects helps in defining various basic concepts, methods and tools used
demographers, epidemiologists and public health specialists to study the health
and dynamics of populations. The theories of populations and the concepts form
the core content of this course.
DEMOGRAPHY
SECTION-I
Basic concepts, scope and measures in demography; Nature and importance
of Demography; Relationship between Demography and Anthropology;
Demographic rates, Period rates and Person-years; Concepts of a
cohort; Probability of occurrence of events.
SECTION-II
Sources of Demographic data – Census, Registration and Survey Data in India . Population size and composition: Sex ratio
and population pyramids.
SECTION-III
Components of demographic processes – Fertility, Mortality, Migration
and Marriage: Types, Measurements, Theory and Trends.
SECTION-IV
Tribal
Demography in India
– its structure and growth.
Theories of
Population – Malthusian, Optimum, Socio-cultural and Demographic transition.
AHS- 534 Anthropological
Theories
Total: 60
Semester Exam. : 45
Internal Assessment:
15
Objectives: Theory is essence to
learning any discipline. This course is aimed at providing a holistic
understanding of anthropological theories and its relevance in constructing
empirical realities. Anthropology is a field science. Empirical data that is
generated in the field with the help of designed tools has to be interpreted
with the help of theoretical models. This course equips students to master art
of interpretation and analysis.
Pedagogic Exercise: The
course will have four class room seminars after the completion of each section
of the syllabus. Students will be required to write eight assignments two from
each section of the course.
SECTION-I
Evolutionism and Neo-evolutionism
– Herbert Spencer, E.B. Tylor, L.H. Morgan, Julian Steward, Leslie White and
Marshall Sahlins. Diffusionism – Basic ideas, Barnett (innovations).
SECTION-II
Precursors and conditions for the
rise of functionalism – Emile Durkheim and Bronislaw Malinowski. Historical particularism
and cultural relativism: Enculturation, Franz Boas and A.L. Kroeber.
SECTION-III
The rise of
structural-functionalism: Radcliffe-Brown. Modifications by Evans-Pritchard,
Fred Eggan (controlled comparison), Meyer Fortes, Raymond Firth (social
organization and social change).
SECTION-IV
Structuralism – Claude
Levi-Strauss and Leach
Theories of conflict: Max
Gluckman.
Social Action – Max Weber,
Talcott Parsons.
AHS- 535 Project
formulation and Data Collection
Total: 80
Project formation,
research design/methodology, Data collection, sorting and basic Presentation.
PROGRAMME
OPTIONS
(Students may
choose any of the options A or B)
OPTION-A: biological
Anthropology
(Students may choose any
three of the following papers)
AHS- 536A Early
Human Evolution
Total: 40
Semester Exam.: 30
Internal Assessment:
10
Objectives: The course is designed with
a view to enhance the understanding and appreciation of the advanced concepts
of Human Evolution-the fundamentals of which the students have already studied
in the first year. Further, the course
also provides information on diagnostic features, description, distribution
through time and space as well as the phylogenetic status of early hominids
leading to the present day man besides sufficiently equipping the students with
information on Palaeopathological as well as paleodemogarphical processes involved
in interpreting the osteological as well as cultural remains – the analysis of
such data interpreting it in terms of various demographic variables as well as
disease in prehistoric populations.
SECTION-1
Various
trends in human evolution. Diagnosis,
description, distribution through time and space and phylogenetic status of the
following: Australopithecus africanus,
A. robustus, A. afarensis, A. ramidus.
SECTION-II
Diagnosis, description, distribution of Homo
habilis, Homo erectus—Homo erectus javaniesis, H. erectus pekinensis and H.
erectus narmadensis.
SECTION-III
Early
Homo sapiens – Salient
features, distribution and phylogenetic position of 2nd (i.e.
Swanscombe and Steinheim) and 3rd interglacial (i.e. Fontechevade,
Ethringsdorf, Krapina, Quinzano and Saccopastore) hominids.
SECTION-IV
Homo sapiens
neanderthalensis—salient features, Osteological evidences, distribution, tools,
life-ways, phylogenetic position, adaptation and Neanderthal problem.
Craniometery, Statistical Analysis of
Craniometric Datas.
AHS- 537A Forensic
Anthropology
Total: 40
Semester Exam.: 30
Internal Assessment:
10
Objectives: This course is an introduction to the basic principles
of Applied Physical Anthropology. The main focus of the course is on forensic
anthropology which is an applied field within the larger discipline of
biological anthropology. This course is designed to teach the basic analysis
and interpretation of human remains, primarily the determination of personal
identity, for the medico-legal profession. The identification process seeks to
provide information such as the initial recognition of skeletonized remains,
including dentition, as human and the determination of age-at-death, sex,
stature, ancestry, and any other characteristics that may lead to a positive
identification. It imparts training in for individualization to solve
problems of medico-legal significance. Additionally, the course also introduces
the basic concepts of human engineering and the application of the techniques
of physical anthropology in industry, medicine, nutrition, and sports
SECTION-I
Forensic Anthropology: Definition, scope and principles of Forensic Anthropology
and Forensic Science. Personal Identity. Applications of Physical
Anthropological Techniques in Forensic Science particularly personal identity.
Bertillon System of identification.
SECTION-II
Forensic Osteology: Determination of sex from human skull, hip bone
and long bones. Determination of age of
human skeleton from ectocranial suture closure, ossification, etc.
SECTION-III
Identification of race. Reconstruction
of stature from long bones (complete and fragmentary), Personal identification
from human skull by photographic superimposition technique.
SECTION-IV
Forensic Odontology: Scope, estimation of age from teeth in young and
adult; estimation of age from individual tooth; population variations in
morphology; utility of dental evidence in personal identification.
Measurement of long bones
and clavicle, scapula, innominate bone.
AHS- 538A Human
Red Cell Polymorphism
Total: 40
Semester Exam.: 30
Internal Assessment:
10
Objectives: This course aims to impart knowledge regarding various
human genetic markers. Most of the markers that are focused are the various
blood groups and red cell proteins. The course aims to help the student
appreciate the genetic basis, the global distribution and the correlated
conditions of health and disease. Many of these markers have forensic uses and
these are focused also. This course equips the student with the skills to
handle various genetic markers in the human blood and other systems as tools in
population genetic research and forensic work. A corollary skill development
will enable the student to pursue work in areas of allied medical research
SECTION-I
Blood
Groups: Genetics of A1 A2 BO, MNS, Rh, Kell, Duffy and X2 blood group
systems.
ABH Secretion and
Lewis antigens.
SECTION-II
Erythroblastosis
fetalis, ABO blood groups and disease. Geographical
distribution of ABO,
MNS, Rh and ABH
antigens.
SECTION-III
Haemoglobins: Genetics of Haemoglobins, Haemoglobins variants: HBA,
Hba, Foetal Haemoglobin, HbS, HbC, HbD, HbE.
Thalassemias and related Conditions, Hbs and malarial Hypothesis.
SECTION-IV
Red Cell Enzyme: The Acid
phosphatases, Glucose-6 Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD); Phosphogluconate
dehydrodegenase (6-PGD) and Phosphoglucomutase (PGM), Genetic basis of enzyme
defects. Clinical symptoms and Methods
for analysis of enzyme defects, Enzyme variants observed in human populations.
Dermatoglyphics of
finger and palms.
AHS 539A Population
Genetics and Speciation
Total: 40
Semester Exam.: 30
Internal Assessment:
10
Description: This course surveys population genetics
theory as applied to micro-evolutionary change in human populations. We
will look at the effects of mutation, selection, mating patterns,
recombination, and genetic drift on changes in the genetic composition of human
populations. Initial emphasis is on mathematical analyses of these
relationships at the micro-level. We
will then use this knowledge to examine applications of population genetics
theory to human population history and evolution.
Objectives: The
objectives of this course are to (1) To provide a solid foundation for
understanding the genetic basis of evolution (2) To provide sufficient
historical, intellectual, and mathematical background so that you can evaluate
contemporary research in anthropological genetics (3) To provide with tools,
concepts, and ways of thinking about quantitative problems in biological
anthropology and evolutionary biology;
SECTION I
Concept
and application of population; Mendelian Population and Gene Pools, Allele
frequencies and genotype frequencies, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and conditions
for its maintenance, Testing for equilibrium, Extensions of the Hardy-Weinberg
Law, Applications.
Elemental
forces of evolution: Mutation, Selection (Types of selection,
selection coefficient, selection in natural populations.
SECTION-II
Kin
selection, Sexual selection, Mating patterns, Mate selection, Sex ratio,
Nonrandom breeding: Inbreeding and assortative mating, Path diagram
construction and inbreeding coefficient, allelic identities by descent, genetic
effects of inbreeding.
SECTION III
Genetic
polymorphism in natural population: Adaptive genetic polymorphism, balanced
polymorphism and heterosis, genetic coadaptation and linkage disequilibrium,
Mutational/Genetic load.
SECTION-IV
Isolating mechanisms, Concept of species and
modes of speciation: sympatric, allopatric, stasipatric. Molecular population
genetics: Molecular evolution (neutral theory, punctuated equilibrium),
DNA-based phylogenetic trees, Molecular clock.
Practical
Total: 20
Semester Exam.: 16
Internal Assessment:
04
Collection of bloods and
serum samples, storage of samples of red–cell
Suspensions; Agglutination,
agglutinin titre, A1 A2 B0 and Rh Blood group typing; -ABH-Secretion
OPTION-B: Socio-Cultural Anthropology
(Students
may choose any three of the following papers)
AHS-536B Tribal
and Rural Anthropology
Total: 40
Semester Exam.: 30
Internal Assessment:
10
Objectives::Tribes are an important segment of the Indian society
but they have remained relatively isolated form the mainstream. This course is
intended to acquaint the students of anthropology with the basic attributes of
the different people who constitute the Indian population. The scheduled tribes
present a wide spectrum of economic and cultural development. The objective of
this paper is to familiarize the students with elementary concepts of caste and
class and to help them develop a comprehensive knowledge of the tribal
communities in India ,
their problems, the approaches to their development, the changing scene and the
future to equip the students to tackle the issue.
Peasants form a minority of
present and past populations. Hence, it is important to learn and know about
them. An understanding of their class affiliation and social structure will
also help to unravel the causes and consequences of the peasant revolts that
are so important in understanding the social unrest in the country. The
students will thus develop skills in developing ideas regarding the Indian
peasantry, which will aid them in further analysis of recent events based on
agricultural communities. Their own analysis of the peasant movements and
presentation based on these aspects will help them to hone their ideas.
SECTION-I
Definitional problem of
a tribe: some definitions – anthropological point of view, confusion, criteria
given by T.B. Naik, Ehrenfels, TISS, etc. Definition of Scheduled Tribe,
Primtive Tribe. Distinction between tribe and caste.
SECTION-II
Definition of peasants
as an economic and sociological category. The concept of folk society. The
peasant mode of production. The middle peasant thesis.
SECTION-III
Caste system in India .
Theoretical and conceptual issues. Changing dimensions of caste. Concepts –
Dominant caste, Jajmani system.
SECTION-IV
Caste mobility –
Sanskritization, Modernization, Westernization. Notified and denotified
communities. Other backward classes.
Practical
Total: 20
Semester Exam.: 16
Internal Assessment:
04
Identification and
description of various implements used by tribals in hunting, fishing,
agriculture, fire-making, habitation and ornaments, means of transport.
AHS-537B Medical
Anthropology
Total: 40
Semester Exam.: 30
Internal Assessment:
10
Objectives: This paper relates to familiarization of the
students with the socio-cultural dimension of health, illness and health care. India
is a classic example of co-existence of several systems of medicine-medical
pluralism. Through this paper, an attempt has been made to familiarize the
students with globally existing different types of medical systems, both
indigenous and modern, the socio-cultural contexts of the medical systems and
to equip the students in understanding the compatibility of different systems
of medicine and evolving projects blending the traditional complimentary nature
and biomedicine foci.
SECTION-1
Medical Anthropology:
History, Meaning and Scope.
SECTION-II
Concept of Health and
Illness; Socio-cultural Dimensions of Illness.
SECTION-III
Medical Anthropology
and Ecology: Eco-system and Socio-cultural Systems.
SECTION-IV
Ecological Interests of Medical Anthropologists
Epidemiology, Ecology and Developmen
Practical
Total: 20
Semester Exam.: 16
Internal Assessment:
04
·
Approaches for individual, group and
community-level behavior change.
·
Application of meta-narratives and meta-analysis
in the medical anthropological context.
AHS-538B Practice
in Anthropology
Total: 40
Semester Exam.: 30
Internal Assessment:
10
Objectives: This course is aimed at orienting the students towards
an application of the knowledge of anthropology in various socio-cultural
fields. It makes provisions for developing skill to practically
administer/execute projects beneficial to the society, making use of available
technological and human resources. Emphasis is laid on action-oriented programs
to equip the students with the practical work and knowledge. This may help
them, on one hand to earn their livelihood through their own expertise and
skill and, on the other, contribute meaningfully to the welfare and development
of the society.
SECTION-I
Meaning, definition and
scope of applied and action anthropology. Relationship and distinction between
applied anthropology and action anthropology.
SECTION-II
Acculturation and
applied anthropology.
SECTION-III
Applied Anthropology
and Culture Change: Innovation, Social Acceptance, Performances, Integration.
Planned and directed change: Stimulants and barriers to culture change.
SECTION-IV
Problems and issues
arising out of the impact of modernisation, industrialisation, urbanisation and
technological changes in traditional cultures.
Practical
Total: 20
Semester Exam.: 16
Internal Assessment:
04
To evaluate models of cultural
change.
“Necessity is the mother of
invention”: The students will take up certain innovations and such examples
Indian rural/urban areas and evaluate these in the context of the models taught
in your class.
AHS-539B Reading
in Contemporary Anthropology
Total: 40
Semester Exam.: 30
Internal Assessment:
10
Objectives: The course is designed to give students insights in
changing perspectives of the subject in the recent past. From classic to
contemporary is a journey that defines the context and future course for any
discipline. The discipline of social and cultural anthropology is continuously
evolving itself. There are fresh issues that confront humanity along with
technological revolutions. Conflict regarded as quintessential to any society
acquires different dimensions with changing lifestyles. Assertion of identity
has remained critical to man’s instinctive survival. It assumes varied
expressions in rapidly transforming social situations.
SECTION-I
Theories in
Contemporary perspective:
Post-Modernism – Clifford Geertz
Profit over people – Chomsky
Globalization
SECTION-II
Theories of Development
Reflexive, Critical and Dialogical Anthropology
SECTION-III
Technology and
Society:
Corporate Anthropology
Anthropology of Management
SECTION-IV
Non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) and other civic society organizations and Anthropology.
Media and Anthropology
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