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Wednesday, January 24, 2018

Outlines of Tests, Syllabi and Courses of reading for the Master of Laws examinations.




LL.M. 1st Semester

Paper I                           Jurisprudence
Paper-II                          Indian Constitutional Law – New Challenges I
Paper-III                        Legal Education and Legal Research Methodology
Paper IV                        Interpretation of Statues and General Clauses Act

LL.M. 2nd Semester

Paper V                         Law and Social Transformation in India
Paper VI                        Indian Constitutional Law – New Challenges II &                                               Judicial Process
Paper VII                       General Principles of Criminal Law
Paper VIII                      Family Law


LL.M. Semester I
Paper-I : Jurisprudence

Section I

1.                  Meaning, Nature & Scope of Jurisprudence
2.                  Positivism
a)      Bentham and Positivism
b)      John Austin and Analytical School

3.                  Modern Positivism
a)      Kelsen’s Pure Theory of Law
b)      Hart’s Concept of Law
c)      Dwarkin’s theory of Law

Section II

1.                  Historical and Anthropological School
2.                  Revival of Natural Law
3.                  Custom as a Source of Law


Section III

1.                  Concept of Justice : John Rawl’s Theory of Justice
2.                  Administration of Justice
3.                  Liability

Section IV

1.                  Rights and Duties
2.                  Legal Personality
3.                  Possession and Ownership


LL.M. Semester I
Paper-II : Constitutional Law – New Challenges-I

Section-I
-                      Federalism
-                      Emergency Provisions
-                      Special Status for certain  States
-                      Centre state relations


Section-II

-                      Art 12 Widening definition of State
-                      Dynamism of Rule of Laws
-                       Right  to Equality & New concepts  including Protective  Discrimination  Freedom of speech  & expression
-                      Secularism and  Freedom  of Religion

Section-III
-                      Art 20-protection in respect of Conviction in certain offences
-                      Right to life & Personal Liberty and Emerging Areas ( Art 21)
-                      Rights to Education ( Art 21. 21A)
-                      Rights of Minorities ( Arts 29, 30)
-                      Tribunals
-                      Election Commission
-                      Electoral reforms

Section-IV
-                      Right against Exploitation
-                      Constitutional Remedies
-                      Fundamental Duties
-                      Relation between Fundamental rights & Directive Principles  















LL.M. Semester I
Paper-III : Legal Education and Legal Research Methodology

Section I

Legal Research in India : its Objectives, Evolution & Contemporary Trends in Legal Research
Legal Research and Law Reform : Role of Judges and Jurists, Recommendation of different commissions and committees.
Law and Logic : Use of Induction and Deduction Methods in Research

Section II

Different Kinds of Legal Research:
Socio-legal research
Doctrinal Research (Empirical)
Non Doctrinal Research
Tools of Legal Research
Library : Books, Case Law Reports, Legislative Reports, Encyclopedia etc.
Modern Technology : Computer, Internet, online journals etc.

Section III

Techniques of Legal Research:
Identification of Research Problem
Preparation of Research Design
Collection of Data : Traditional and Modern Methods
Classification, tabulation and analysis of data

Section IV

Legal Education
Objectives of Legal Education
Methods of Teaching:
a)                  Lecture Method
b)                  Problem Method
c)                  Discussion Method including case studies
d)                 Seminar Method including presentations
External and Internal Assessment
Clinical Legal Education
LL.M. Semester I
Paper-IV : Interpretation of Statutes and General Clauses Act


Section I

History and Significance of Interpretation of Statutes
a.                   Meaning of Interpretation
b.                  Intention of the Legislature
c.                   Interpretation of statute in litigation as a tool to help the litigant
d.                  For academic purposes

Delegated Legislation

Section II

General Principles of Interpretation

a.                   Literal Construction
b.                  Harmonious Rule
c.                   Mischief Rule
d.                  Strict Rule
e.                   Golden Rule

Role/Relevance of Grammatical Construction in Interpretation of Statute

Section III

Internal and External Aids to Interpretation
General Clauses Act 1897
Applicability and Operation of the Statute

Section IV

Latin Maxims:
Nositur a sociis
Ejusdem generic
Stare decisis
Mens rea
Generalia specialibus non derogant
In pari material
Lex non cogit and impossibilia
Saus populi suprema lex esto
Contemporary trends


LL.M. 2nd Semester

Paper – V : Law and Social Transformation in India


Section I

Law and Social Change
a)                  Law as an Instrument of Social Change
b)                  Concept of Social Engineering – Its evaluation and critique in the light of common law tradition and the legal institutions in India

Section II

Community and the Law
a)                  Case as a divisive factor
b)                  Non-discrimination on the ground of caste
c)                  Acceptance of caste as a factor to undo past injustices

Section III

Women and the Law

a)                  Crimes against Women
b)                  Gender injustice and its various forms
c)                  Women’s Commission

Section IV

Children and the Law
a)                  Child Labour
b)                  Sexual exploitation
c)                  Children and Education


LL.M. 2nd Semester
Paper- VI :Constitutional Law-New Challenges-II & Judicial Process

Section-I

            Centre and State Executive
Position of President,  Relationship with Prime Minister
            Position of Governor

Section-II

            Union Parliament and State Legislative
            Privileges of Parliament
            Legislative process including delegated legislation

Section-III

            Separation of Powers and Judicial creativity and law marking
            Judicial review
            Independent of Judiciary
            Protection to Civil Servants

Section-IV

            Hierarchy of Judiciary
            Appoint & Removal of Judges of High Court and Supreme Court
            Judicial process






LL.M. 2nd Semester
Paper- VII : General Principles of Criminal Law


Section I

The Principle of Legality

  • Nulla poena sine lege
  • Nullum crimen sine lege
  • Audi alteram partem
  • Natural justice principles enshrined in the Indian Constitution and their reflection in Criminal Law (both Substantive and Procedural)

Section II

General Principles of Criminal Responsibility
  • Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea
  • External element : Actus reus
  • Internal element : Mens rea (with special reference to its various shades)
  • Joint/Constructive responsibility with special reference to sections 34 and 149 IPC
  • Strict liability

Section III

Safeguards to Criminal Behaviour : General Defences

  • Excusable and Justifiable
  • Mistake
  • Necessity
  • Compulsion
  • Insanity
  • Private Defence

Section IV

Inchoate Criminal Offences

  • Abetment
  • Criminal Conspiracy
  • Attempt



LL.M. 2nd Semester
Paper- VIII : Family Law

Section I

  • Sources of Muslim Law
  • Succession under Muslim Law
  • Muslim Wakfs

Section II

  • Concept of Marriage and theories of divorce
  • Marriage and Divorce under Parsi Law
  • Marriage and Divorce under Christian Law

Section III

  • Uniform Civil Code
  • Judicial Activism for Uniform Civil Code

Section IV

  • Private International Law related to
a)                  Marriage
b)                  Divorce




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