M. Sc. (H.S.) IN ANTHROPOLOGY 1st year Semester-I
M. Sc. (H.S.) 1st
year
Semester-I
Paper : Marks
Ass. Test Total
AHS- 411 Physical
Anthropology and Race Biology
Total: 65
Semester Exam.: 50
Internal Assessment:
15
Objectives: This paper introduces the student to two areas of
Physical Anthropology, namely, the basic concept of the Subject,
Conceptualization of Evolution (since the course is open for students from non
biology backgrounds) and Human ethno-biology.
The paper lays the basis for the student to understand further course
work in Anthropology. This paper will increase the skill of its pursuant in the
area of working with and using concepts to work in the context of human
ethno-biological diversity. The paper will help the student to use a holistic
approach while working in human situations.
SECTION-I
History
and scope of Physical Anthropology, its relationship with other branches of
Anthropology.
SECTION-II
Theories of evolution, contribution of
Lamarck, Darwin, Weismann, Mendel and De Vries, Neo-Lamarckism and
Neo-Darwinism. Speciation and
characteristics of evolution.
SECTION-III
Race
concept-historical development, formation of race, morphological and genetical
definition of race, UNESCO statement of race. Racial differences in Physical characters
such as skin, eye, hair, nose, head and variations in other bodily proportions.
SECTION-IV
Distribution of racial varieties in Europe, Asia, Africa
and Oceania in general and India
in particular.
Note:
1.
For the semester examination a total of nine questions
will be set, two each from each of the sections I, II, III, IV. There will be
one compulsory question of 8 to 10 short answer type questions covering the
whole syllabus. There will be no choice in the compulsory question.
2.
Students will be required to attempt five questions, choosing
one question from each of the sections I, II, III, IV and the compulsory
question.
3.
All question will carry equal marks.
AHS 412 Prehistoric Archaeology
Total: 65
Semester Exam.: 50
Internal Assessment:
15
Objectives: This introductory course is designed to provide
students with an understanding of European and Indian prehistory from the time
of the earliest hominids to the development of the civilizations. The students
will receive both lectures and hands-on-instructions in the principles,
techniques, methods and theory of Prehistoric Archaeology with actual artifacts
and other material remains from various archaeological sites. The course ------ basic archaeological concepts and methods and
post-glacial environments in Europe and India. The main goal of the course
is to instill an understanding and appreciation of the record of European and
Indian prehistory through artifacts and archaeological sites.
SECTION-1
Introduction
to Prehistoric Archaeology: Aims and its scope; Major branches of archaeology
and its relationship with other social, biological and natural sciences.
Place
of Pleistocene in the geological time-scale and its importance. Climatic conditions during Pleistocene in
Europe and India.
Pleistocene Glaciations: evidences and causes.
SECTION-II
Land
forms and the processes involved in their formation. Types and nature of sedimentary deposits-
fluvial, glacial, lacustrine, aeolian, spring, cave and marine. Sedimentary deposits as indicative of climate
and hydrology.
SECTION-III
Principles
of Prehistoric Archaeology. Archaeological sites: Probable Archaeological
sites; how a site is formed, and their classification.
Excavation
and Recording: Kinds of excavation, excavation records and their importance.
SECTION-IV
Dating
Methods: Relative and Absolute.
Natural
tools and man-made artifacts- different natural agencies at work and origin of
techniques of Stone Age tools.
Note:
1. For
the semester examination a total of nine questions will be set, two each from
each of the sections I, II, III, IV.
There will be one compulsory question of 8 to 10 short answer type questions
covering the whole syllabus. There will be no choice in the compulsory
question.
- Students will be required to attempt five questions,
choosing one question from each of the sections I, II, III, IV and the
compulsory question.
- All question will carry equal marks.
AHS 413 Palaeoanthropology
Total: 65
Semester Exam. : 50
Internal Assessment:
15
Objectives: This course is designed to provide basic knowledge
about the fundamental concepts of palaeoanthropology. The paper introduces the
subject of palaeoanthropology to the beginners by providing conceptual
palaeontological, geological and anthropological knowledge necessary to
understand the subject of palaeoanthropology. The main aim of the paper is to
sufficiently equip a student with fundamental concepts and techniques of
palaeoanthropology so that he/she can understand and appreciate the advanced
concepts of human evolution to be taught in M.Sc. (Hons.) Second Year.
SECTION-I
Introduction:
Aims, objectives, problems, affinities with other disciplines and historical
development of Palaeoanthropology.
Fossils and their preservation and processes of fossilization.
SECTION-II
Principles of
stratigraphy and correlation. Dating
methods- Relative and Chronometric dating.
SECTION-III
Taxonomy
and rules of nomenclature. Succession of
life through ages with stress on Cenozoic Era.
SECTION-IV
Siwalik
Group – Nomenclature, stratigraphy, fauna and flora and Palaeoanthropological
significance of Siwaliks. Evolution of dentitition with special emphasis on
primate dentition. Various trends in
primate evolution – Continental drift, food habits and alternative
interpretation etc.
Note:
1. For the semester examination a total of nine
questions will be set, two each from each of the sections I, II, III, IV. There
will be one compulsory question of 8 to 10 short answer type questions covering
the whole syllabus. There will be no choice in the compulsory question.
- Students will be required to attempt five questions,
choosing one question from each of the sections I, II, III, IV and the
compulsory question.
3. All question will carry equal marks
AHS 414 Social Anthropology
Total: 65
Semester Exam. : 50
Internal Assessment:
15
Objectives: Study
of man, culture and society in its various hues acquaints students to the story
of human civilization.
It tells how basic concepts that govern social survival of societies and
various social systems are formed over the years. The paper is an introductory course, that
introduces students to the basic concepts used in social science research. It also deals with various social
institutions namely marriage family and kinship. The paper briefly discusses
concept of tribe, caste and civilization.
While emphasizing applications of anthropology in society, the course
concludes addressing questions of social and cultural change. The course proposes two class seminars at the
end of each unit and eight assignments two from four units of the prescribed
syllabus.
SECTION-I
Introduction
to the study of Man, Culture and Society. Aims, scope and methods of
social-cultural anthropology. Subdivisions of Social-cultural anthropology.
Ethnology, Ethnography, Social anthropology and cultural anthropology. Relationship with other disciplines
especially sociology, psychology and history.
Brief
history of the development of social-cultural anthropology. Schools of thought: Classical Evolutionism,
Historical Particularism, Diffusionism, Functionalism Structural Functionalism,
Culture and Personality. Twentieth
century Evolutionism, Structuralism.
SECTION-II
Basic
concepts: society, culture, civilization: Ethos and Eidos: Culture Trait,
Culture Complex; Community, Caste, Sanctions.
The concept
of culture, Culture as an explanatory and a descriptive concept. The reality of culture, explicit and implicit
culture; culture and subcultures, culture and the individual; culture and
ecology.
SECTION-III
Family,
Marriage and Kinship.
Incest,
exogamy and endogamy. Theories of
incest.
Forms and
functions of family; universality of family; typological and processual
approaches to the study of family; household and domestic groups; stability and
change in the family, impact of industrialization, urbanization, education and
feminist movements on the family.
SECTION-IV
The
problem of universal definition of marriage; forms and functions of marriage;
nature of marriage in small-scale societies; ways of acquiring mates in simple
societies; preferential and prescriptive forms of marital alliances. Marriage and rules of residence.
Nature of
Kinship; Descent and Filiation; Non-unilineal descent; Kindred; Descent Groups:
Lineage, clan, phratry, moiety, Unilineal, Double descent and Bilineal descent,
Descent and Alliance
theories of kinship. Kinship usages and
kinship terminology.
Note:
- For the semester examination a total of nine
questions will be set, two each from each of the sections I, II, III, IV.
There will be one compulsory question of 8 to 10 short answer type
questions covering the whole syllabus. There will be no choice in the
compulsory question.
- Students will be required to attempt five questions,
choosing one question from each of the sections I, II, III, IV and the
compulsory question.
- All questions will carry equal marks
AHS 415 Transmission & Molecular Genetics
Total: 65
Semester Exam.: 50
Internal Assessment:
15
Objectives: The
course is designed to impart basic knowledge of concepts and fundamentals of
the science of Human Genetics. The
course aims to enhance skills of the students so that they are adequately
equipped to pursue research in the field of human genetics. Besides, the knowledge is imparted with
emphasis to explain how prevalence of diseases existing in the present day
human populations be explained on basis of genetic evolutionary and bio-cultural
principles. Each student has to
participate in workshops and seminar based on problems relating to human
genetics.
SECTION-I
Introduction to Genetics, Mendelism,
Mendelism in man, Chromosomal theory and Gene theory of heredity, Genetic
nomenclature, testing gene mutations for allelism: complementation test,
intragenic complementation
Extension of Mendelian principles:
Dominance relations, multiple allelism, Genotype to phenotype: penetrance and
expressivity, effect of the environment on phenotype development; Gene
interactions and modifying genes, Suppressor genes, Lethal genes
SECTION-II
Linkage, Types of linkage, crossing over and recombination, Interference
and coincidence, genetic recombination and construction of genetic maps,
genetic mapping of Mendelian traits: Identifying recombinants and
non-recombinants in pedigrees, Genetic and physical map distances, Two-point
mapping, Multipoint mapping, Linkage in man; Direct and indirect analysis of
linkage , pedigree method: y and u statistics, sib pair method, Lod-score
method
SECTION -III
DNA is the genetic material, Evidences in
favour of DNA being the genetic material, DNA structure, Organization of
eukaryotic gene; Eukaryotic genome: C-value paradox, Repetitive DNA, General
concept of a gene, Gene families, Non-coding genes
Replication in
bacterial and eukaryotic chromosomes: DNA polymerases, Replicons, origin and
termination, Replisome.
SECTION-IV
Transcription:
Transcription factors, RNA polymerase, Formation of primary transcript:
initiation, elongation and termination, Processing of primary transcript to
mature mRNA. Translation: Structure and functions of Ribosomes and tRNAs,
General mechanism of translation.
Basics of human gene mapping: Assigning
genes to chromosomes and determining the location of genes on the chromosomes,
somatic cell genetics and its extensions;
Low resolution mapping – Cell hybridization,
mini- and micro-satellites, Radiation hybrid mapping
Note:
1. For
the semester examination a total of nine questions will be set, two each from
each of the sections I, II, III, IV. There will be one compulsory question of 8
to 10 short answer type questions covering the whole syllabus. There will be no
choice in the compulsory question.
- Students will be required to attempt five questions,
choosing one question from each of the sections I, II, III, IV and the
compulsory question.
3. All questions will carry equal marks
AHS 416 Descriptive Statistics and Research
Methods
(Part A Descriptive
Statistics (Theory Paper)
Total: 35
Semester Exam.: 25
Internal Assessment:
10
Objectives: This
paper introduces the student to the fundamentals of Univariate Statistics that
is necessary for population studies. The paper enables the student to
understand and apply descriptive statistics. The main objective is to enable
the student to understand and apply statistical techniques in anthropological
and population research. This course will also develop necessary skills to make
simple analysis and presentations of the data. The skills acquired as a result
of this course will enable the student to seek careers in various fields of
population research and services.
SECTION-I
Introduction
to Statistics; use of statistics in anthropological research. Levels of
measurement nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scales. Fundamental concepts of population, samples,
variables, parameter and statistics, frequency, proportion, percentages and
ratios. Graphical representation of data
frequency curves.
SECTON-II
Measures
of central tendency, mean, median and mode.
Measures of dispersion: range, interquartile range, 10-90 percentile
range, standard deviation and variance.
Moments-moment coefficients of skewness and kurtosis.
SECTION-III
Concept
of probability-properties and uses. Bayes theorem, Normal,
Binomial and Poisson distribution.
SECTION-IV
Sampling methods and sampling
theory. Confidence limits, levels of
significance and critical region Type I and Type II errors. Standard error of a statistic.
Note:
1. For the semester examination a total of nine
questions will be set, two each from each of the sections I, II, III, IV. There
will be one compulsory question of 8 to 10 short answer type questions covering
the whole syllabus. There will be no choice in the compulsory question.
- Students will be required to attempt five questions,
choosing one question from each of the sections I, II, III, IV and the
compulsory question.
3. All
questions will carry equal marks.
Part B: Research
Methods (Practical)
Total: 30
Semester Exam.: 24
Internal Assessment:
06
Library Research: Consulting
source material, Preparing Bibliography, use of abbreviations in scientific
writing.
Writing
research proposals and preparing research design. Basic concepts: Theory, Fact, Concept,
Hypothesis.
Role of Field work in
Anthropology. Field Research: Techniques of Data collection. Preparation of
Census schedules for the collection of household and village census in the
context of preliterate and semiliterate populations.
AHS 417 Practical in Physical Anthropology I
Total: 55
Semester Exam.: 44
Internal Assessment:
11
Objectives: This Practical paper helps the student to understand
the gross anatomy of the human skeleton. The work is done on actual skeletal
material (of which the department has several).
The student is enabled to acquire
knowledge of the human skeleton that is essential in the pursuit of careers and
research in human evolution, human growth and development, forensic sciences,
primatology and applied Para- medical
sciences.
Section A: Human
Osteology – General concepts and descriptive terminology, macroscopic and
microscopic structures of bone, process of ossification, features and
classification of bones.
Exterior of the skull – Norma verticalis, Norma occipitalis, Norma lateralis, Norma
frontalis, Norma basalis. Identification
of disarticulated major bones of the skull.
Vertebral column; Distinguishing
features of Cervical, Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae; Sacrum, Thoracic cage.
Section B: Somatometry
of Cranium and face and determination of Indices, Somatoscopy.
Objectives: In
this practical, students are taught scientific methods and techniques for
taking various measurements and observations on the living man. The skill acquired by the students will be
extremely helpful in carrying out research in the field of human growth and
development, forensic science and skeletal biology. The practical will involve study on human
beings.
AHS 418 Practical in Studies in Human Evolution
I
Total: 55
Semester Exam.: 44
Internal Assessment:
11
Objectives: The course is aimed to provide practical training in
the laboratory and field techniques used in palaeoanthropology. The course includes
practical training is imparted to the students in various techniques used in
the collection, preparation, identification, illustration, moulding and casting
and photography of fossil material. Training is also imparted in the identification
of various rock types and the use of essential field equipment. The class-room
teaching is supplemented with field-trips to palaeoanthropological and
archaeological sites.
How and where to look for
fossils. Equipment and techniques for
collection, washing & screening, field cataloguing, transportation, etc. of
fossils.
Identification
of major rock types. Structure and use of clinometer compass (dip and strike,
toposheet reading and mapping). Chemical
and Mechanical techniques for the preparation of fossils with particular
reference to primates, field and laboratory photography, Moulding and casting.
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