Abbreviation ,Awards Winners,Raman magasay awards ,books and authors,Famous Characters in Literature

AIDWA—All India Democratic Women’s Association.
APEDAA—Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority Act.
BFC—Business Facilitation Council.
BRIC—Brazil, Russia, India, China.
BRSP—Bhartiya Rashtrawadi Samanta Party.
BRTS—Bus Rapid Transit System.
BVRAAM—Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile
CAMPA—Compensatory Afforestation Management and Planning Authority.
CBEC—Central Board of Excise and Customs.
CCEA—Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs.


C-DAP—Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan.
CIDS—Construction Industry Development Council.
CIET—Central Institute of Educational Technology.
CIRDAP—Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and Pacific.
CJP—Citizen for Justice and Peace.
CLAT—Common Law Admission Test.
COBSE—Council of Boards of School Education.
CRRID—Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development.
CSTO—Collective Security Treaty Organisation.
CVERDE—Combat Vehicles Engineering Research and Development Establishment.
DDPA—Durban Declaration and Programme of Action.
DIPP—Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion.
DPCC—Delhi Pollution Control Committee.
DSIIDC—Delhi State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation.
EBTC—European Business and Technology.
ECB—External Commercial Borrowing.
EDI—Education Development Index.
EGOM—Empowered Group of Ministers.
EMBO—European Molecular Biology Organisation.
EPFO—Employee’s Provident Fund Organisation.
EPIC—Elector’s Photo Identity Card.
EQUIS—European Quality Improvement System.
ESA—Explosive Substance Act.
ESCAR—Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific.
ESOA—Education Services for Overseas Students Act.
FATF—Financial Action Task Force.
FIA—Federal Investigation Agency.
FOGSI—Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Societies of India.
GFDRR—Global Facility For Disaster Reduction and Recovery.
GPS—Global Positioning System.
IBEX—Interstellar Boundary Explorer Mission.
ICC—International Chamber of Commerce.
ICRISAT—International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics.
ICRP—International Commission on Radiological Protection.
ICWF—Indian Community Welfare Fund.
IDP—Internally Displaced Persons.
IEDSS—Inclusive Education of the Diasbled at Secondary Stage.
IFAD—International Fund for Agricultural Development.
IGCAR—Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research.
IGMDP—Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme.
IID—Indian Institute of Diabetes.
IIFCL—India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited.
ILEWG—International Lunar Exploration Working Group.
IMB—International Maritime Bureau.
IMEI—International Mobile Equipment Identity.
IMRH—Indian Multi Role Helicopter.
INCOIS—Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services.
INST—Institute of Nano Science and Technology.
INTACH—Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage.
IRNSS—The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System.
ISC—Integrated Space Cell.
ISSA—India Specific Safeguards Agreement.
ISSM—International Society for Sexual Medicine.
ISTP—International Society of Tropical Paediatrics.
ISTRAC—Isro Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network.
IUCAA—Inter University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics.
IUCN—International Union for Conservation of Nature.
JEM—Justice and Equality Movement.
JNNURM—Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.
JUCCCE—Joint US-China Cooperation on Clean Energy.
LAC—Live Action Cockpit.
LHC—The Large Hadron Collider.
LSGIs—Local Self-Governing Institutions.
MIP—Moon Impact Probe.
MMIC—Multipurpose National Identity Card.
MRMR—Medium Range Maritime Reconnaissance.
MSME—Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.
NABI—National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute.
NACIL—National Aviation Company of India Limited.
NBER—National Bureau of Economic Research.
NCEUS—National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector.
NCHAC—North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council.
NCHER—National Commission for Higher Education and Research.
NCHRC—National Council for Human Resource in Health.
NCPCR—National Commission for Protection of Child Right.
NJC—National Judicial Council.
NLD—National League for Democracy.
NPCIL—Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd.
NPS—New Pension System.
NRCAF—National Research Centre for Agro-Forestry.
NRHM—National Rural Health Mission.
NSSK—Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram.
NSTEDB—National Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board.
NUEPA—National University of Educational Planning and Administration.
NUTP—National Urban Transport Policy.
OECD—The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
OSCE—Organisation of Security and Cooperation in Europe.
PCA—Permanent Court of Arbitration.
PEAIS—Panchayatiraj Empowerment and Accountability Incentive System.
PHWRs—Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors.
PIARC—Permanent International Association of Road Congresses.
PTC—Power Trading Corporation.
RGGVY—Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojna.
RMSA—Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan.
SAFMA—South Asia Free Media Association.
SARPSCO—South Asia Regional Port Security Cooperative.
SASS—Sri Amarnath Sangharsh Samiti.
SCJRC—South Asian Centre for Journalists Reporting Conflict.
SDIS—Skill Development Initiative Scheme.
SEWA—Self Employed Women’s Association.
SHE—Scholarship for Higher Education.
SMEs—Small and Medium Enterprises.
SRI—System for Rice Intensification.
STPF—Special Tiger Protection Force.
TAR—Trans-Asian Railway.
THAAD—Theatre High Attitude Area Defence.
UASL—Unified Access Service License.
UNCBD—United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.
UNCLOS—UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.
UNDF—United Nations Democracy Front.
UNIDO—United Nations Industrial Development Organisation.
UNRWA—The United Nations Relief and Works Agency (For Palestinian refugees).
UNSCEAR—United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of Atomic Radiation.

 The 57th National Film Awards were announced in New Delhi on Wednesday, September 15, 2010 by head of the awards jury Ramesh Sippy.

Highlights:

Best feature film: Kutti Sranku (Malayalam)

Best Actor: Amitabh Bachchan (Paa/Hindi)

Best Actress: Ananya Chatterjee (Abohomaan/Bengali)

Best popular film providing wholesome entertainment: 3 Idiots (Hindi)

Best Director: Raju Hirani (3 Idiots/Hindi) / Rituparno Ghosh (Abohomaan/Bengali)

Best Producer: Vidhu Vinod Chopra (3 Idiots/Hindi)

Best Supporting Actor: Farooq Sheikh (Lahore/Hindi)

Best Supporting actress: Arundhati Nag (Paa/Hindi)

Best Child Artists: Jiva, Anba Karasu (Pasanga/Tamil)

Best film on Social issues: Well Done Abba (Hindi)

Best Choreography: K Shivsankar ( Magadhira/Telugu)

best Kids movie: Ottani Pati & Keshu


Best camera work: Anjali Sukla (Kutti Sranku/Malayalam)

Best Music Director: Amit Trivedi (Dev D)

Best Playback Singer (Male): Rupam Islam (Mahanagar)

Best Playback Singer(Female): Nilanjana Sarkar (Housefull)

Sound Engineer: Resul Pookkutty

Best Lyrics: Swanand Kirkire (3 Idiots/Behti Hawaa)

Best background score: Ilayaraja (Kerala Verma Pazasi Raja)

Best National Integration Film: Delhi 6 (Hindi)

Best Hindi Film: Paa

• Motion Picture: ‘The Hurt Locker.’

• Actor: Jeff Bridges, ‘Crazy Heart.’

• Actress: Sandra Bullock, ‘The Blind Side.’

• Supporting Actor: Christoph Waltz, ‘Inglourious Basterds.

• Supporting Actress: Mo'Nique, ‘Precious: Based on the Novel 'Push' by Sapphire.’

• Director: Kathryn Bigelow, ‘The Hurt Locker.’

• Foreign Film: ‘El Secreto de Sus Ojos,’ Argentina.

• Adapted Screenplay: Geoffrey Fletcher, ‘Precious: Based on the Novel `Push' by Sapphire.’


• Original Screenplay: Mark Boal, ‘The Hurt Locker.’

• Animated Feature Film: ‘Up.’

• Art Direction: ‘Avatar.’

• Cinematography: ‘Avatar.’

• Sound Mixing: ‘The Hurt Locker.’

• Sound Editing: "The Hurt Locker."

• Original Score: ‘Up,’ Michael Giacchino.

• Original Song: ‘The Weary Kind (Theme From Crazy Heart)’ from ‘Crazy Heart,’ Ryan Bingham and T Bone Burnett.

• Costume: ‘The Young Victoria.’

• Documentary Feature: ‘The Cove.’

• Documentary (short subject): ‘Music by Prudence.’

• Film Editing: ‘The Hurt Locker.’

• Makeup: ‘Star Trek.’

• Animated Short Film: ‘Logorama.’

• Live Action Short Film: ‘The New Tenants.’

• Visual Effects: ‘Avatar

While Vidhu Vinod Chopra’s 3 Idiots snapped up the most popular awards—Best Film, Best Director, Best Story, Best Screenplay, Best Dialogue and Best Supporting Actor —Anurag Kashyap’s Dev D won six as well. The Best Actor award went to Amitabh Bachchan for his performance as a progeriaafflicted child in Paa, while Vidya Balan walked away with the Best Actress trophy for the same film.

Awards Winners
● Best Film – 3 Idiots
● Best Director – Raj Kumar Hirani (3 Idiots)
● Best Actor (Male) – Amitabh Bachchan (Paa)
● Best Actor (Female) – Vidya Balan (Paa)
● Best Supporting Actor (Male) – Boman Irani (3 Idiots)
● Best Supporting Actor (Female) – Kalki Koechlin (Dev D)
● Best Music – A. R. Rahman (Delhi 6)
● Best Lyrics – Irshad Kamil (Aaj Din Chadya, Love Aaj Kal Best)
● Playback (Male) – Mohit Chauhan (Masakali, Delhi 6)
● Best Playback (Female) – Kavita Seth (Iktara, Wake Up Sid Rekha Bhardwaj Genda Phool, Delhi 6)


● Critics’ Award For Best Director – Nandita Das (Firaaq)
● Critics’ Award Best Actor (Male) – Ranbir Kapoor (Wake Up Sid, Ajab Prem, Rocket Singh)
● Critics’ Award For Best Actor (Female) – Mahie Gill (Dev D)
● Best Story – Abhijat Joshi, Raj Kumar Hirani (3 Idiots)
● Best Screenplay – Abhijat Joshi, Raj Kumar Hirani, Vidhu Vinod Chopra (3 Idiots)
● Best Dialogue – Raj Kumar Hirani & Abhijat Joshi (3 Idiots)
● Best Production Design & Art Direction – Helen Jones, Sukanta Panigrahi (Dev D)
● Best Editing – Sreekar Prasad (Firaaq)
● Best Cinematography – Rajeev Ravi (Dev D)
● Best Visual Effects – Govardhan Vigharan, Vinay Singh Chuphal (Kaminey)
● Best Action – Vijayan Master (Wanted)
● Best Choreographer – Bosco-Caeser (Chor Bazaari, Love Aaj Kal)
● Best Background Score – Amit Trivedi (Dev D)
● Best Sound Design – manas chaudhary (Firaaq)
● Best Costumes – Vaishali Menon (Firaaq)
● R. D. Burman Award For New Musical Talent – Amit Trivedi (Wake Up Sid, Dev D)
● Best Debut – Ayaan Mukherji (Wake Up Sid) Zoya Akhtar (Luck By Chance)
● Lifetime Achievement Awards – Shashi Kapoor, Khayyam

Raman magasay awards

Category includes
CL - Community Leadership
GS - Government Service
JLCCA - Journalism,Literature and the Creative Communicative Arts
PIU - Peace & international Understanding
EL - Emergent Leadership
PS - Public Service

Year : Name ( Category )
1958 : Vinoba Bhave (CL)
1959 : Chintaman Deshmukh (GS)
1961 : Amitabha Chowdhury (JLCCA) 1962 Mother Teresa PIU
1963 : Dara Khurody (CL)
1963 : Verghese Kurien (CL)
1963 : Tribhuvandas Patel (CL)
1964 : Welthy Fisher (PIU)
1965 : Jayaprakash Narayan (PS)
1966 : Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay (CL)
1967 : Satyajit Ray (JLCCA)

1971 : M.Sambasivan Swaminathan (CL)
1974 : M.S.Subbulakshmi (PS)
1975 : Boobli George Verghese (JLCCA)
1976 : Henning Holck-Larsen (PIU)
1976 : Sombhu Mitra (JLCCA)
1977 : Ela Ramesh Bhatt (CL)
1979 : Mabelle Arole (CL)
1979 : Rajanikant Arole (CL)
1981 : Gour Kishore Ghosh (JLCCA)
1981 : Pramod Karan Sethi (CL)
1982 : Chandi Prasad Bhatt (CL)
1982 : Manibhai Desai (PS)
1982 : Arun Shourie (JLCCA)
1984 : Rasipuram Lakshman (JLCCA)
1985 : Muralidhar Amte (PS)
1989 : Lakshmi Chand Jain (PS)
1992 : Ravi Shankar (JLCCA)
1993 : Banoo Jehangir Coyaji (PS)
1994 : Kiran Bedi (GS)
1996 : Pandurang Athavale (CL)
1996 : Tirunellai Seshan (GS)
1997 : Mahasweta Devi (JLCCA)
1997 : Mahesh Chander Mehta (PS)
2000 : Jockin Arputham (PIU)
2000 : Aruna Roy (CL)
2001 : Rajendra Singh (CL)
2002 : Sandeep Pandey (EL)
2003 : James Michael Lyngdoh (GS)
2003 : Shantha Sinha (CL)
2004 : Laxminarayan Ramdas (PIU)
2005 : V Shantha (PS)
2006 : Arvind Kejriwal (EL)
2007 : Palagummi Sainath (JLCCA)
2008 : Dr. Prakash Amte and Dr. Mandakini Amte (CL)
2009 : Deep Joshi (CL)
books and authors

A Bunch of Old Letters : Jawaharlal Nehru
● Adventures of Sherlock Holmes : Arthur Conan Doyle
● Adhe Adhure : Mohan Rakesh
● A Week with Gandhi : Louis Fischer
● A China Passage : J.K. Galbraith
● Aesop’s Fables : Aesop
● A Farewell to Arms : Ernest Hemingway
● A Midsummer Night’s Dream : William Shakespeare
● A Million Mutinies, Now : V.S. Naipal
● An iron Will : Swett Marden
● A Pair of Blue Eyes : Thomas Hardy
● A Passage to India : E.M. Forster
● A Prisoner’s Scrapbook : L.K. Advani
● A Season of Ghosts : Ruskin Bond
● A Suitable Boy : Vikram Seth
● A Tale of Two Cities : Charles Dickens
● A Village by the Sea : Anita Desai
● A Voice for Freedom : Nayantara Sehgal
● Aenied : Virgil
● Against the Tide : Minoo Masani
● Age of Reason : Jean Paul Sartre
● A Dangerous Place : Daniel Patrik Moyihan
● A Haunted House : Virginia Woolf
● Agni Veena : Kazi Nazrul Islam
● Amar Kosha : Amar Singh
● Anand Math : Bankim Chandra Chatterje
● A Story of History : Arnold Toynbee
● Avanti Sundari : Dandi
● Autobiography : Jawaharlal Nehru
● As You Like It : W. Shakespeare


● Between the Lines : Kuldeep Nayyar
● Bhagwad Gita : Maharshi Ved Vyas
● Black Wednesday : Promila Kalhan
● Bubble : Mulk Raj Anand
● Buddha Charitam : Ashvaghosh
● Bal Gitayan : D.P. Maheshwari
● Bitter Sweet : Noel Coward
● Blind Beauty : Boris Pasternak
● Broken Wings : Sarojini Naidu
● Canterbury Tales : Chaucer
● Chidambara : Sumitra Nandan Pant
● Chitralekha : Bhagwati Charan Verma
● City of Joy : Dominique Lapierre
● Confessions of a Lover : Mulk Raj Anand
● Comedy of Errors : Shakespeare
● Communist Manifesto : Karl Marx
● Comus : John Milton
● Confidential Clerk : T.S. Eliot
● Coolie : Mulk Raj Anand
● Count of Monte Cristo : Alexander Dumas
● Childe Harold : Lord Byron
● Chittirappavai : P.V. Akhilandam
● Degeneration of India : T.N. Seshan
● Devdas : Sharat Chandra
● Divine Comedy : Dante
● Discovery of India : Jawaharlal Nehru
● Don Ouixote : Cervantes
● Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde : R.L. Stevenson
● Dash Kumar Charitam : Dandi
● Dark Room, The : R.K. Narayan
● Debacle : Emile Zola
● Diana, The True Story : A. Morton
● Deserted Village : Goldsmith
● Distant Drums : Manohar Malgaonkar
● Emma : Jane Austen
● Ends and Means : Aldous Huxley
● Essays of Elia : Charles Lamb
● Emperor Jones, The : Eugene O’ Neill
● Essays on Gita : Sri Aurbindo Ghosh
● Every Man a King : Swett Marden
● Father and Sons : Ivan Turganev
● Faust : Goethe
● For Whom the Bell Tolls : Ernest Hemingway
● Flames from the Ashes : P.D. Tandon
● Friends, Not Masters : Ayub Khan
● Gathering Storm : Winston Churchill
● Geet Govind : Jaya Dev
● Ghasiram Kotwal : Vijay Tendulkar
● Gitanjali : R.N. Tagore
● Gita Rahasya : Bal Gangadhar Tilak
● Glimpses of World History : J.L. Nehru :
● Godan : Premchand
● God Father, The : Mario Puzo
● Grapes of Wrath : John Steinbeck
● Great Tragedy : Z.A. Bhutto
● Guide, The : R.K. Narayan
● Hamlet : William Shakespeare
● Harsha Charit : Bana Bhatt
● Heat and Dust : Ruth Prawar Jhabwala
● Himalayan Blunders : Brig. J.P. Dalvi
● House Divided : Pearl S. Buck
● Idle Hours : R.K. Laxman
● Idols : Sunil Gavaskar
● Idylls of the King : Lord, Alfred Tennyson
● If I am Assassinated : Z.A. Bhutto
● Isabela : Keats
● Illiad : Homer
● Inside the C.B.I. : Joginder Singh
● India Divided : Rajendra Prasad
● India Wins Freedom : Maulana Azad
● Indian War of Independence : V.D. Savarkar
● Jean Christopher : Romian Rolland
● Judgement, The : Kuldip Nayyar
● Julius Caesar : William Shakespeare
● Jurassic Park : Michael Chrichton
● Kadambari : Bana Bhatt
● Kagaz Te Kanwas : Amrita Pritam
● Kamayani : Jay Shankar Prasad
● Kamasutra : S.H. Vatsayayan
● Kaya Kulp : Premchand
● King Lear : W. Shakespeare
● Lajja : Tasleem Nasreen
● Lady Chhatterley’s Lover : D.H. Lawrence
● Leaves of Grass : Walt Whitman
● Life Divine : Sri Aurbindo
● Living History : Hillary Rodham Clinton
● Living with Honour : Shiv Khera
● Lolita : Vladimir Nobokov
● Long Walk to Freedom : Nelson Mandela
● Less Miserable : Victor Hugo
● Macbeth : Shakespeare
● Madhushala : Harivansh Rai ‘Bachchan’
● Mahabharata : Maharshi Ved Vyas
● Major Barbara : G.B. Shaw
● Malti Madhav : Bhavbhuti
● Malvikagnimitra : Kalidas
● Man and Superman : G.B. Shaw
● Meghdoot : Kalidas
● Men Who Killed Gandhi : Manohar Magaonkar
● Merchant of Venice : Shakespeare
● Middle March : George Eliot
● Midnight Children : Salman Rushdie
● Mother : Maxim Gorky
● Mudra Rakshasa : Vishakha Datt
● Murder in the Cathedral : T.S. Eliot
● My Experiments with Truth : Gandhi
● Nana : Emile Zola
● Natya Shastra : Bharat Muni
● Netaji Dead or Alive : Samar Guha
● Nine Days’ Wonder : John Mansfield
● Ninteen Eighty Four : George Orwell
● O’ Jeruselam : L. Collins & D. Lapierre
● Odyssey : Homer
● Old Man and the Sea : Ernest Hemingway
● Of Human Bondage : Somerset Maugham
● Our India : Minoo Masani
● Out of Dust : F.D. Karaka
● On Contradiction : Mao-Tse-Tung
● Pakistan, The Gathering Storm : Behazir Bhutto
● Panchatantra : Vishnu Sharma
● Pather Panchali : Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyaya
● Peace has no Alternative : Mikhail Gorbachev
● Pickwick Papers : Charles Dickens
● Pilgrim’s Progress : John Bunyan
● Prathma Pratishruti : Ashapoorna Devi
● Price and Prejudice : Jane Austin
● Prince : Machiaveli
● Peter Pan : J.M. Barrie
● Principia : Isaac Newton
● Raghuvansha : Kalidasa
● Rajtaringini : Kalhan
● Ram Charit Manas : Tulsidas
● Ramayana : Valmiki
● Rangbhoomi : Premchand
● Ratnavali : Harshavardhan
● Robaiyat : Omar Khayyam
● Robinson Crusoe : Daniel Defoe
● Rugby Chapel : Mathew Arnold
● Saket : Maithili Sharan Gupta
● Satanic Verses : Salman Rushdie
● Satyarth Prakash : Swami Dayanand
● Shakuntalam : Kalidas
● Shahnama : Firdausi
● Social Contract : Rousseau :
● Sursagar : Surdas
● Sakharam Binder : Vijay Tendulkar
● Testament of Beauty : Robert Bridges
● The Blind Assassin : Margaret Atwood
● The Emperor’s New Suit : Hans Chrishtian Anderson
● Three Musketeers : Alexander Dumas
● The Otherness of Self : Feroz Varun Gandhi
● The Elephant Paradigm : Gurcharan Das
● The Affluent Society : J.K. Galbraith
● The God of Small Things : Arundhati Roy :
● The Inheritance of Loss : Anita Desai
● The Legacy of Nehru : K. Natwar Singh
● Tom Jones : Henry Fielding
● Treasure Island : R.L. Stevenson
● Trail of Jesus : John Masefield
● Uncle Tom’s Cabin : Mrs. Haraiet Stowe
● Unhappy India : Lajpat Rai
● Utopia : Tomas Moor
● Unto The Last : John Ruskin
● Untold Story : B.M. Kaul
● Urvashi : Ram Dhari Singh Dinkar
● Uttara Ram Charita : Bhav Bhuti
● Universe Around Us : James Jeans
● Vanity Fair : Thackeray
● Victim, The : Saul Bellow
● Village, The : Mulk Raj Anand
● Vinay Patrika : Tulsidas
● Voskresenia : Leo Tolstoy
● War and Peace : Tolstoy
● Wealth of Nations : Adam Smith
● We Indians : Khushwant Singh
● Waiting for God : Thomas Becket
● Wings of Fire : Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
● Yama : Mahadevi Verma
● Yashodhara : Maithili Sharan Gupta
● Zulfi, My Friend : Piloo Mody
● Zhivago, Dr. : Boris Pasternak

Famous Characters in Literature

Adam—(1) A character in the Bible; also in ‘Paradise Lost’ by Milton.
(2) In Shakespeare’s ‘As You Like It’–an aged servant of Orlando.
(3) In Shakespeare’s ‘Comedy of Errors’–Officer known by his dress, a skin coat.

Aladdin—A well-known character in the ‘Arabian Nights’, in possession of the magic ring and lamp.

Alice—A little girl in ‘Alice in Wonderland’ and ‘Through the Looking Glass’ by Lewis Carrol.

Ariel—In ‘The Tempest’ by William Shakespeare, an airy Spirit which is controlled by Prospero.

Anna Karenina—The heroine of the novel of the same name by Leo Tolstoy.

Ancient Mariner—A character in the poem of the same name by S.T. Coleridge, who describes his supernatural experiences to the wedding guests.

Antonio—A character in ‘The Merchant of Venice’ by Shakespeare, Shylock the cruel money lender, is bent on taking one pound of flesh from his body.

Bassanio—A friend of Antonio in ‘The Merchant of Venice.’

Beatrix—Heroine in W.M. Thackeray’s novel ‘Henry Esmond.’

Beatrice—Heroine of Shakespeare’s ‘Much Ado About Nothing.’ She plays a delightful role and is famous for her witty dialogues.

Brutus Mercus—The historic character in ‘Julius Caesar’ of Shakespeare. He assassinates his friend Julius Caesar, the Emperor of Rome.

Christian—An allegorical character and hero of ‘The Pilgrim’s Progress’ of John Bunyan.

Clare—Hero of ‘Tess’ by Thomos Hardy.

Cleopatra—The heroine of ‘Antony and Cleopatra’ of Shakespeare. She was the beautiful queen of Egypt. G. B. Shaw also has dramatised her in his ‘Caesar and Cleopatra.’

Cordelia—The faithful and youngest daughter of Lear in Shakespeare’s play ‘King Lear’.

Desdemona—Faithful wife of Othello in Shakespeare’s drama ‘Othello.’

Don Quixote—A famous character in Cervente’s novel of the same name. He is an eccentric figure striking at a wind mill taking it for a giant.

Don Juan—A character in the poem of the same name by Lord Byron.

Dushyanta—Husband of Shakuntala and the hero of the play in Kalidasa’s Abhigyan Shakuntlam.’

Frankenstein—The monster character in the novel of the same name by Mrs. Shelley. His counterpart in Indian mythology is Bhasmasur.

Gora—Hero of the novel of the same name by Dr. Rabindra Nath Tagore.

Hawkins—The hero of R.L. Stevenson’s novel ‘Treasure Island.’

Hyde—The terrifying character in ‘Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ by R. L. Stevenson.

Macbeth—A model of overweening ambition in Shakespeare’s play of the same name.

Micawber—A comic character in Charles Dicken’s novel ‘David Copperfield.’ He is a type of the optimist for whom something may turn up.

Oliver Twist—A poor orphan boy and hero of Charles Dicken’s novel of the same name.

Dr. Zhivago—The hero of the novel of the same name by Boris Pasternak. He is shown as a critic of