1. Which of the following Rajput dynasties did not surrender to Akbar
(a) Parmar (b) Pratihara (c) Rathor (d) Sisodiya
Ans:B
2. Which amidst the following was not a fort of the Maratha ruler Shivaji?
(a) Sindhudurg (b) Raigad (c) Amber (d) Padmadurg
Ans:C
3. Which Sikh Guru was executed by Aurangzeb?
(a) Guru Arjun Dev (b) Guru Ram Das (c) Guru Teg Bahadur (d) Guru Gobind Singh
Ans:C
4. Which Muslim ruler was keen to have friendly relations with the Rajputs
(a) Akbar (b) Humayun (c) Babar (d) Aurangzeb
Ans:A
5. Which of the following rulers had the title Kaviraja
(a) Kumaragupta (b) Chanragupta (c) Skandagupta (d) Samudragupta
Ans:D
6. Who among the following Indian rulers established embassies in foreign countries on modern lines
(a) Tipu sultan (b) Mir Quasim (c) Haider Ali (d) Shah Alam II
Ans:D
7. ‘Nav Ratnas’ (nine gems) were the famous personalities associated with the court of:
(a) Chandra Gupta II (b) Harshavardhana (c) Narasimsha Varman (d) Samudra Gupta
Ans:A
8. Who pursued the policy "Blood and Iron"
(a) Balban (b) Firuz Tughlaq (c) Malik Kafur (d) Alauddin Khilji
Ans:A
9. The main centre or meeting point of Indo-Roman trade in ancient times was
(a) Rome (b) Calicut (c)Alexandria (d) Karaikkal
Ans:B
10. Who built a tomb for Sher Shah at Sasaram
(a) Ibrahim Shah (b) Islam Shah (c) Sher Shah (d) Sikandar Shah
Ans:D
11. The first major inscription in classical Sanskrit is that of
(a) Rudradaman (b) Chandragupta Vikramaditya (c) Kanishka (d) Samudragupta
Ans:A
12. Which ruler went to Sri Lanka to spread Buddhism
(a) Ashoka (b) Samudragupta (c) Sanghamitra (d) Chitragupta
Ans:C
13. Temple architecture was most developed under
(a) Rastrakutas (b) Pallavas (c) Pandyas (d) Cheras
Ans:B
14. In Sanskrit plays written during the Gupta period, women & Sudras speak
(a) Prakrit (b) Sauraseni (c) Pali (d) Sanskrit
Ans:A
15. Sir Thomas Rose visited the court of
(a) Akbar (b) Jehangir (c) Shajahan (d) Aurangazeeb
Ans:B
16. The capital of Mysore during Tipu Sultan’s rule was
(a) Bangalore (b) Devagiri (c) Coimbatoor (d) Srirangapattanam
Ans:D
17. Who among the following was a famous astronomer
(a) Bhanabhatta (b) Vishakadatta (c) Nagarjuna (d) Aryabhatta
Ans:D
18. The Hathigumpha inscription (near Bhubaneshwar, Orissa) relates to the king
(a) Susharma (b) Hala (c) Kharavela (d) Pulamayi
Ans:C
19. Which of the following were the first rulers in India to issue coins which can be definitely attributed to the kings
(a) Shakas (b) Kushans (c) Indo-Greeks (d) Parthians
Ans:C
20. Which of the following Shaka king reconstructed the Sudarshana lake
(a) Rudradaman – I (b) Manes (c) Chastana (d) Bhumaka21
Ans:A
21. Which language was used in the literature of sangam period
(a) Kannada (b) Telugu (c) Tamil (d) Sanskrit
Ans:C
22. What was the type of marriage in the Vedic period in which, in place of the dowry, there was a token bride price of a cow and a bull
(a) Asura (b) Arsa (c) Gantharva (d) Rakshsa
Ans:A
23. At the earlier stage backward classes movement means
(a) Santal movement (b) Non-Brahmin movement (c) Harijan movement (d) Antirulers movement
Ans:B
24. The large residential university established in ancient time was at
(a) Cochin (b) Vaishali (c) Nalanda (d) Harappa
Ans:C
25. Which among the following dynasties had the strongest navy
(a) Chalukya (b) Chola (c) Gupta (d) Pallava
Ans:B
26 .Which of the following Mughal emperor’s tomb is outside India
(a) Akbar (b) Shajahan (c) Aurangazeb (d) Jehangir
Ans:D
27 .Which of the following animals was generally not known to the Indus Valley People
(a) Horse (b) Rhinoceros (c) Bull (d) Cow
Ans:A
28. .Alexander the remained in India for ...... months
(a) 24 (b) 32 (c) 19 (d) 28
Ans:C
29 Artists belonged to Gandhara school of art used
(a) Grey sand stones (b) White marbles (c) Red sand stones
Ans:A
30 Who was the first ruler of the Pala Dynasty of Bengal?
(a) Gopala (b) Devapala (c) Vigropala (d) Dharmapala
Ans:A
31 Who introduced first the famous token currency system in India?
(a) Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlak (b) Muhamad-bin-Tughlak (c) Firoz Tughlak
Ans:B
32 The Chalukya King who had the title of Sri Prithvi-Vallabha and Parameswara was
(a) Pulakesin I (b) Maharaja Kirthivarman (c) Pulakesin II (d) Mangalesa
Ans:C
33 The Meenahshi temple at Madurai is the monument of
(a) Pallavas (b) Pandyas (c) Cholas (d) Cheras
Ans:B
34 Who amidst the following lived the earliest?
(a) Panini (b) Asvaghosha (c) Bhasa (d) Kalidasa
Ans:A
35 Where is the tomb built by Shahjahan situated?
(a) Red Fort (b) Taj Mahal (c) Agra Fort (d) Sikandara
Ans:
36 Which one of the following is not depicted on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka?
(a) Deer (b) Horse (c) Elephant (d) Lion
Ans:
37 In 1717, which Mughal Emperor gave the English East India Company a Firman granting trade privileges in India?
(a) Shah Alam II (b) Bahadur Shah (c) Jahandar Shah (d) Farrukhsiyar
Ans:
38 The Treaty of Bassein was signed with the British by Peshwa
(a) Madhav Rao (b) Balaji Baji Rao (c) Baji Rao I (d) Baji Rao II
Ans:
39 Who among the following gave asylum to Zoroastri who fled by sea and by the coastal route from Persia to Western India in the early 8th century?
(a) Chalukyas (b) Cholas (c) Hoysalas (d) Rashtrakutas
Ans:
40 The Mughal Empire extended up to Tamil territory in the South under the reign of
(a) Akbar (b) Aurangazeb (c) Jahangir (d) Shah Jahan
Ans:
41 The first dynasty of the Vijayanagar Kingdom was
(a) Hoysala (b) Sangama (c) Saluva (d) Tuluva
Ans:
42 Who among the following was the famous ruler of ancient India, who adopted Jain dharma at the last
(a) Chandragupta (b) Samudragupta (c) Asoka (d) Bindusare
Ans:
43 Which among the following rulers started ‘Ilahi Calendar’ in 1583
(a) Babur (b) Akbar (c) Shahjahan (d) Sher Shah
Ans:
44 Which of the following was not a centre of learning in ancient India
(a) Taxila (b) Koushambi (c) Vikramshila (d) Nalanda
Ans:
45 Who was the last ruler of the Tughluq dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate?
(a) Firuz Shah Tughluq (b) Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq Shah II (c) Nasir-ud-din Mahmud (d) Nasrat Shah
Ans:
46 The founder of the autonomous kingdom of Avadh was
(a) Shuja-ud-Daula (b) Saadat Khan Burhan-ul Mulk (c) Safdarjung (d) Sher Shah
Ans:
47 The destruction of the Mauryan Empire was followed by a series of invasions, and the first invade India were the
(a) Batrian-Greeks (b) Parthi (c) Kushanas (d) Shakas
Ans:
48 Who among the following took the title of 'Vikramaditya'?
(a) Chandragupta I (b) Chandragupta II (c) Samudragupta (d) Skandagupta
Ans:
49 Which dynasty developed Mahabalipuram?
(a) Pallavas (b) Pandyas (c) Cholas (d) Chalukyas
Ans:
50 Who among the following resisted the British Ambitions, the maximum?
(a) Mughals (b) Marathas (c) Rajputs (d) Sikhs
Ans:
51 Two principal monuments of Ala-ud-din Khiliji's reign—the Jama'at Khana Masjid and Alai Darwaja were constructed at
(a) Hyderabad (b) Mysore (c) Delhi (d) Agra
Ans:C
52 Who among the following Mugal Emperors had the longest reign?
(a) Bahadur Shah (b) Jahandar Shah (c) Farrukhsiyar (d) Muhammad Shah
Ans:D
53 The main cause of the conflict between Nawab Sirajuddaulah and the East India Company was that
(a) the British opposed the succession of Sirajuddaulah
(b) the British misused the trade concessions.
(c) the British attacked the French settlement of Chandranagar in Bengal.
(d) the incident of Black Hole had occurred
Ans:C
54 Which of the following was the physician who adored Kanishka’s court
(a) Vasumita (b) Charaka (c) Parsva (d) Asvaghosha
Ans:B
55 Which of the following king started the ‘Vikram Sanvad’
(a) Kanishka (b) Vikramaditya (c) Rudradaman (d) Kadphises
Ans:B
56 Which of the following is a port town of Indus Valley Civilization
(a) Harappa (b) Ropar (c) Banawali (d) Lothal
Ans:D
57 Chinese pilgrim who visited India during Harsha Vardhana’s period was
(a) Hiuen Tsang (b) Fa-hien (c) I’tsing (d) Nishka
Ans:A
58 Who introduced the famous Persian festival of Nauroz
(a) Alauddin Khilji (b) Iltumish (c) Firoz Tughlaq (d) Balban
Ans:D
59 The Hoysala’s capital was
(a) Warangal (b) Devagiri (c) Dwarasamudra (d) Krishnagiri
Ans:C
60 Which rulers built Ellora temple
(a) Chalukya (b) Rashtrakuta (c) Pallava (d) Sunga
Ans:B
61 The literature of the Sangam age was written mostly in the form of
(a) Prose (b) Poetry (c) Drama (d) All of these
Ans:B
62 Who among the following was a great musician in the court of Akbar
(a) Abdul Fazal (b) Amir Khusro (c) Ramdas (d) Ten
Ans:D
63 Which among the following ports was called Babul Makkha (Gate of Makkah) during the Mughal period
(a) Broach (b) Calcutta (c) Surat (d) Calicut
Ans:C
64 The development of architecture was at its peak during the reign of
(a) Nandas (b) Cholas (c) Guptas
Ans:C
65 Who among the following ruler was a famous musician
(a) Swathi Thirunal (b) Moolam Thirunal (c) Marthanda Varma (d) Sri Chithira Thirunal
Ans:A
66 Who among the following Sult of Delhi had accepted the suzerainty of the Timurid ruler Mirza Shah Rukh?
(a) Firuz Tughlaq (b) Mahmad Tughlaq (c) Khizr Khan Sayyid (d) Sikandar Lodhi
Ans:C
67 Who among the following joined Mir Qasim and Shuja-ud-Daula in declaring war upon the English East India Company and was later defeated by the British at the Battle of Buxar?
(a) Jahandar Shah (b) Farrukhsiyar (c) Muhammad Shah (d) Shah Alam II
Ans:D
68 How did the dynasty of Nizam Shahis of Ahmadnagar come to an end?
(a) Ahmadnagar was annexed into Mughal empire and Husain Shah was consigned to life imprisonment
(b) Mughal troops destroyed Daulatabad fort and killed Nizam-ul Mulk of Ahmadnagar
(c) Fateh Khan usurped the throne from Nizam-ul Mulk
(d) Malik Ambar was defeated in a battle with Mughals in 1631 and the entire royal family was killed by the Mughal troops
Ans:A
69 Which of the following materials was mainly used in the manufacture of Harappan seals?
(a) Terra cotta (b) Bronze (c) Copper (d) Iron
Ans:A
70 Which type of ancient script did the Harapp use?
(a) Pictographic (b) Linear (c) Hieroglyphic (d) Symbolic
Ans:A
71 The relics of Indus Valley Civilisation indicate that the main occupation of the people was:
(a) Agriculture (b) Cattle rearing (c) Commerce (d) Hunting
Ans:A
72 The ancient name of Bengal was
(a) Kamrupa (b) Vasta (c) Gauda (d) Vallabhi
Ans:C
73 'Charak' was the famous court physician of
(a) Harsha (b) Chandragupta Maurya (c) Ashoka (d) Kanishka
Ans:D
74 The ancient name of North Bihar was
(a) Vriji (b) Vasta (c) Surasena (d) Avanti
Ans:A
75 Where did the traveler Ibn Batuta come from?
(a) Persia (b) Morocco (c) Turkey (d) Central Asia
Ans:B
76 Which among the following is the oldest dynasty?
(a) Maurya (b) Gupta (c) Kushan (d) Kanva
Ans:A
77 Where was Akbar born?
(a) Delhi (b) Agra (c) Amarkal (d) Kannauj
Ans:C
78 Among the following, one was NOT an ancient Indian mathematician
(a) Chandra Gupta Maurya (b) Boudhayana (c) Bhaskaran II (d) Sankaravarman
Ans:A
79 Taj Mahal was built by
(a) Akbar the Great (b) Jahangir (c) Shah Jahan (d) Babur
Ans:C
80 Kautilya, the author of Arthasathra was a contempoary of
(a) Asoka (b) Samura Gupta (c) Harshavardhana (d) Chandra Gupta Maurya
Ans:D
81 The Golden Temple at Amritsar was built by
(a) Guru Nanak (b) Guru Arjan Dev (c) Guru Tej Bahadur (d) Gobind Sing
Ans:B
82 What is history?
(a) Story of the past events (b) Story of present events (c) Story of future events (d) All of them
Ans:A
83 What should a genuine history deal with?
(a) Lives of kings (b) Lives of masses of people (c) Lives of feudal lords (d) All of them
Ans:B
84 What is history made of?
(a) Lives of kings (b) Battles (c) Law and order (d) All of the above
Ans:D
85 What is most important part of history?
(a) Monarchs (b) Generals who win wars (c) Common people (d) Saints and sages
Ans:C
86 Where do we find the remains of Buddhist religion?
(a) Thailand (b) Sri Lanka (c) Afghanistan (d) All of the above
Ans:D
87 What was Burma before its independence?
(a) A part of India (b) A part of China (c) A part of Thailand (d) A part of Malaysia
Ans:A
88 When was the World War fought?
(a) 1915 (b) 1942 (c) Both (d) Neither
Ans:C
89 Who helped America the most in getting freedom from the British?
(a) Italy (b) Canada (c) France (d) India
Ans:C
90 Who were pilgrim Fathers?
(a) Jew pilgrims to Jerusalem (b) Hindu pilgrims to Hardwar (c) First British people going to USA (d) Indian Buddhists in China
Ans:C
91 Why did Ary come to India?
(a) To find grass for their cattle (b) To hunt tigers (c) To drive out Tamils (d) To conquer land
Ans:A
92 Which Revolution fathered Russian Revolution?
(a) French revolution (b) American Revolution (c) Industrial Revolution (d) All of them
Ans:D
93 Who first built the Grand Trunk Road?
(a) Humayun (b) Sher Shah Suri (c) Shahjahan (d) Jahangir
Ans:B
94 Who is USA's Father of the Nation?
(a) Abraham Lincoln (b) Washington (c) Jefferson (d) Roosevelt
Ans:B
95 Who fought the First World War?
(a) Germany (b) British (c) France (d) All of them
Ans:D
96 Who fought the Second World War?
(a) Hitler (b) Churchill (c) Stalin (d) All of the
Ans:D
97 Which period came first?
(a) British period (b) Muslim period (c) Greek period (d) Hindu period
Ans:D
98 When was Mahatma Gandhi born?
(a) October 2, 1869 (b) October 2, 1901 (c) October 2, 1879 (d) October 2, 1890
Ans:A
99 Who introduced leather coins?
(a) Ibrahim Lodhi (b) Mohammad Tuglak (c) Jahangir (d) Akbar
Ans:B
100 Who introduced paper currency in India?
(a) Hindu Kings (b) Muslim rulers (c) The British rulers (d) The Greek conquerors
Ans:C
Showing posts with label GK questions for IAS. Show all posts
Showing posts with label GK questions for IAS. Show all posts
Wednesday, April 1, 2009
General Knowledge
General Knowledge : LANDMARKS : ARCHITECTURES, MONUMENTS, BUILDINGS, TOWNS AND PLACES
Ernakulam : in Kerala State is famous for its backwaters.
Fatehpur Sikri : 32 km from Agra; city built by Emperor Akbar in 1569, now deserted.
Fleet Street : A street in London running from Temple far east wards to Ludgate Circus. The area (with adjoining streets) houses the offices, and printing establishments of many of the leading British newspapers and press agencies.
Gateway of India : in Mumbai harbour erected in 1911 on George V’s visit to India.
Gaya : (Bihar) the place where Lord Buddha got enlightenment; famous for pilgrimage.
Gibraltar : British fortress and naval base on west end of the Mediterranean (extreme south of Spain) key to the Mediterranean.
Golden Temple : in Amritsar (Punjab), sacred to the Sikhs.
Gol Gumbaz : largest Dome in Bijapur (Karnataka).
Gomateswara : (Karnataka) famous for the 2000 year old statue of Jain Sage carved out of a single stone.
Great Wall of China : 2400 km long wall; its construction was started by Chinese King Emperor Shih Hwang.
Gwalior : in Madhhya Pradesh famous for its Fort, Tansen’s Tomb, Rani Laxmi Bai’s Chhatri.
Hague, The : (The Netherlands) Seat of International Court of Justice; Art galleries.
Hampi : site ruins of Vijayanagar - ancient capital of Vijayanagar empire. It is in Karnataka.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon : one of the Seven Wonders of the World; planted near the Euphrates in 603 B.C.
Hiroshima : in Central Honshu (Japan) close to the ‘Island of Light’ with the famous Shinto temples; first city destroyed by atom bomb in the Second World War.
Howrah Bridge : a cantilever span bridge constructed over the river Hooghly connecting Howrah Railway Station with Kolkata.
Hyderabad-Secunderabad : Twin city-capital of Andhra Pradesh.It stands on the river Musi, known for Charminar, Osmania University, Salarjung Museum - one of the richest and most varied collections in Asia.
India Gate : A memorial in New Delhi facing the Rashtrapati Bhavan.
Jaipur : capital of Rajasthan is famous for pottery, brassware, sculpture, ivory and sandalwood work and jewellery. Famous for Maharaja’s palace; Jai Singh’s observatory. Amber (ancient capital) Hawa Mahal.
Jallianwala Bagh : a garden in Amritsar; scene of massacre of innocent Indians by the British on 13th April 1919.
Jama Masjid : (Delhi) built by Shah Jehan, India’s biggest mosque.
Jamshedpur : (Bihar) centre of iron and steeel industry;Tata Iron and Steel Factory is located here.
Jantar Mantar : in Delhi, is an Observatory constructed in 1724 during the days of Maharaja Jai Singh II of Amber.
Jerusalem : ancient city and capital of Palestine known as ‘Holy City’. Christ was crucified here.
Jog Falls : also called Gersoppa Falls in Karnataka are one of the highest warerfalls in the world. These falls are formed by the river Sharasvati which takes a big leap down a steep rock from a height of 253 metres.
Juma Masjid, Mandu : is in Madhya Pradesh; it depicts a synthesis of Hindu and Muslim styles in architecture.
Kailasha Temple : rock-cut temple in Ellora caves.
Kalpakkam : near Chennai in Tamil Nadu is known for Chennai Atomic Power Project (MAPP).
Kanchi or Kancheepuram : Near Chennai was the ancient capital of ancient Pallavas; famous for ancient temples.
Kandahar : This is a town in Afghanistan where Pakistan backed 5 terrorists and forced the hijacked Indian Airlines lane IC 814 with 155 passengers and crew aboard to land at Kandahar Airport on December 25, 1999, keeping them hostage for seven days.
Kanya Kumari : in Tamil Nadu, famous temple (the Virgin Goddess) situated at Cape Comorin on the extreme southern tip of India where the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, and the Indian Ocean meet; a picturesque spot. Vivekananda Rock Memorial Buddha.
Kapilavastu : small kingdomin the north of India; associated with Mahatma Buddha.
Kaziranga : is a Game Sanctuary in Assam. It is the centre of the great Indian one-horned rhinos.
Khajuraho : in Madhya Pradesh famous for the group of highly ornate medieval Hindu temples.
Kodaikanal : is a town in Tamil Nadu famous for its Observatory for the study of Solar Physics.
Konarak : small town 16 km north of Puri (Orissa) famous for its Black Pagods; Sun Temple.
Kovalam : is a sea-beach about 16 km from Trivandrum in Kerala. Developed as a Tourist Resort by India Tourism Corporation.
Kremlin : Large fortified citadel in Moscow, now the headquarters of Russia. The Kremlin, originally built in 1156 by Yuri, (George) Dolgoruki, price of Suzdal became the centre around which Moscow has grown.
Qutub Minar : in Delhi (88.4 m high) is one of the master - pieces of Indian architecture and art. It is the biggest minaret in the world. Completed by Altamash in 1232 A.D.
Leaning Tower : (Pisa, Italy) 55 metres high.
Lumbini : birth place of Buddha. It is in Nepal. The Nepalese Government have plans to develop the place with the U.N. assistance as an Internatinal Tourist Resort. Madurai : in Tamil Nadu, famous for Meenakshi Temple, dedicated to Lord Siva.
Mahabalipuram : in Tamil Nadu on the Eastern Ghats, famous for temples and monumental architectures. An atomic power station is being set up near here at Kalpakkam.
Mathura : a holy city in Uttar Pradesh; Birth-place of Lord Krishna, Hindu temples; oil refinery.
Mecca : the holiest cityof the Mohammedan world in Arabia, where the Prophet was born. It stands in the desert. It is a place of pilgrimage and Muslims from all parts of the world visit the place it for Haj in every year.
Mount Blanc : highest mountain peak in Europe. It is in the Alps on the confines of Italy and France, longest road tunnel in the world.
Munich : (West Germany) scene of Munich pact; art galleries; The 20th Olympic Games (1972) were held here.
Nilgiris : mountain range in Tamil Nadu, tea plantations.
Panna : in M.P. Panna district is known for diamond mines. Panna town has several buildings of historical interest including Shri Baldeoji temple.
Pearl Harbour : in Hawaii Island (USA) Naval Base; scene of Japanese attack in World War II.
Pentagon : in Washington. It houses many Government offices of the War Department of the USA.
Petronas Twin Towers : Located in Kuala Lumpur with 88 storeys high, these are the tallest buildings in the World.
Philadelphia : (USA) place where Americans framed their Constitution and declared their Independence son 4th July, 1776.
Plassey : a village on the Ganges (West Bengal) Battle of Plassey was fought here in 1757 in which Clive defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah and laid the foundation of British Rule in India.
Pokhran : The Nuclear test site in Rajasthan, 600 kms from Jaipur. The first nuclear test was conduted on May 18, 1974 and five more on May 11 and 13 1998.
Pondicherry : formerly a French possession, since taken by the India Govenement and now specified as a Union Territory. Aurobindo Ashram is established here. ‘Auroville’, an international township inmemory of Sri Aurobindo has been built here.
Pyramids of Egypt : are vast stone or brick-built structures on west bank of the Nile. They date back to about 300 B.C. The largest is called the Great Pyramid which is 146 metres high and is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Three lakh men were employed for 20 years to build it. These Pyramids have inner chambers and subterranean entrances built by pharaohs as oval tombs.
Raj Ghat : On the bank of Jamuna in Delhi, Samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi.
Rashtrapati Bhavan : official residence of the President of India in New Delhi; known as Viceragal Lodge during British reign.
Red Fort : Red-stone Fort built by Shah Jehan in Delhi near the Jamuna.
Red Square : It is a famous open space in Moscow linked with the Kremlin by three gates used for political demonstrations and processions. Lenin’s mausoleum is in the Red Square.
Rome : capital of Italy; on the River Tiber; one of the most famous cities of the world also known as Eternal City.
Sabarmati : in Gujarat State near Ahmedabad; Harijan Ashram founded by Mahatma Gandhi.
Sarnath : situated 8 km outside Varanasi. Saranath is the famous place of Buddhist pilgrimage in India. In the ‘Deer Park’ of Sarnath, Gautama Buddha preached his First Semon. Also located here is the famous Ashoka Pillar of polished sand-stone whose lion capital was adopted by the new Republic of India as the State Emblem.
Scotland Yard : the Metropoliton Police Headquarters in London from which the force is administered CID headquarters.
Seringapatnam : Seringapatnam was the capital of Karnataka during the rule of Tipu Sultan. The fourth and the last Mysore war was fought here. Tipu Sultan died here fighting bravely against the British forces.
Sriharikota : in the Nellore district on the Andhra coast is India’s Satellite Launching Centre. The Sriharikota Range (SHAR) comprises the Sriharikota Launch Complex, Rocket Shed Facility, Static Test and Evaluation Complex, Solid Propellant Space Booster Plant and Sriharikota Common Facilities.
Suez Canal : Ship canal (Egypt) it connects the Mediterranean (Port Said) with the Red Sea (Suez).
Sunderbands : is a tract of forests and swamps - 264 km long and 129 km wide fringing the delta of the Ganges.
Taj Mahal : the white marble mausoleum built at Agra by Shah Jehan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal.
Tanjore : (Tamil Nadu) famous for museum, temples and library. Brihadeeswara temple.
Taxila : in West Pakistan; site of excavation, old seat of Buddhist culture and famous for ancient Taxila University.
Tel Aviv : magnificent city in Palestine built by the Jews; capital of Israel.
Thumba : near Trivandrum in Kerala State is known as rocket launching station.
Tirupati : in Andhra State about 160 km to the northwest of Chennai is one of the holiest places in South India. This hill temple of Sri Venkateshwara is an example of early Dravidian architecture and is one of the finest in the south.
Trafalgar : Cape Trafalgar is famous for the naval battle fought between the British led by Admiral Nelson and an allied naval force of France and Spain in 1805. Admiral Nelson won the battle though he was himself killed in action.
Triveni : in Allahabad (UP) Confluence of the Ganges, the Jamuna and the mythical Saraswati; a place of pilgrimage for the Hindus.
Varanasi : or Banares is a town in UP very sacred to the Hindus. It is known as the religious capital of Hindu India. Famous for Banares Hindu University, Vishwanath Temple, Manmandir with Jaisingh’s Observatory, Ramnagar Fort etc.,
Vatican : the Papal State of Italy; an independent territory; the palace of Pope in Rome. It includes the Church of St. Peter.
Victoria Falls : on the River Zambesi, Zambia-Central Africa. These Falls, the greatest in the world are 1700 metres wide.
Victoria Memorial : a magnificent building in Calcutta having an art gallery and a well-laid out garden attached to it.
Vijay Ghat : On the banks of the Yamuna in Delhi is Samadhi of Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri, former Prime Minister of India.
Visakhapatnam : big harbour on the eastern coast of India; ship building yard.
Viswa Shanti Stupa : (World Peace Pagoda) 45 m high stupa raised a top, the picturesque Ratnagiri hill, it is the first stupa of its kind in India.
Vivekananda Rock : is situated near Kanyakumari at the southern tip of India’s coastline. It has been so named in memory of Swami Vivekananda.
Wagah Border : This is a border between India and Pakistan. Indian Prime Minister Mr. Atal Behari Vajpayee crossed the border to enter Pakistan by bus as part of his peace initiative with India's neighbour on February 20, 1999.
Wall Street : a street in New York, centre of US Banking and Finance.
Wardha : (Maharashtra State) Mahatma Gandhi lived here for several years; centre of cotton trade.
Waterloo : Belgium; famous for the battle of Waterloo which marked the end of Napoleon’s power.
Wellington : in the Nilgiris hills (Tamil Nadu) is known for Defence Services Staff College.
White Hall : London, Government Offices.
White House : is the Official Residence of the President of the USA. It is located at 600. Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington D.C.
Wimbledon : in London, famous for Lawn Tennis Court.
Yellow Sea : Sea between northern China and Korea.
Zambesi : River in South East Africa. It flows east to Mozambique Channel, Indian Ocean.
Zojila : a pass in the way from Srinagar (Kashmir) to Leh and then to Yerkand in Tibet.
Ernakulam : in Kerala State is famous for its backwaters.
Fatehpur Sikri : 32 km from Agra; city built by Emperor Akbar in 1569, now deserted.
Fleet Street : A street in London running from Temple far east wards to Ludgate Circus. The area (with adjoining streets) houses the offices, and printing establishments of many of the leading British newspapers and press agencies.
Gateway of India : in Mumbai harbour erected in 1911 on George V’s visit to India.
Gaya : (Bihar) the place where Lord Buddha got enlightenment; famous for pilgrimage.
Gibraltar : British fortress and naval base on west end of the Mediterranean (extreme south of Spain) key to the Mediterranean.
Golden Temple : in Amritsar (Punjab), sacred to the Sikhs.
Gol Gumbaz : largest Dome in Bijapur (Karnataka).
Gomateswara : (Karnataka) famous for the 2000 year old statue of Jain Sage carved out of a single stone.
Great Wall of China : 2400 km long wall; its construction was started by Chinese King Emperor Shih Hwang.
Gwalior : in Madhhya Pradesh famous for its Fort, Tansen’s Tomb, Rani Laxmi Bai’s Chhatri.
Hague, The : (The Netherlands) Seat of International Court of Justice; Art galleries.
Hampi : site ruins of Vijayanagar - ancient capital of Vijayanagar empire. It is in Karnataka.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon : one of the Seven Wonders of the World; planted near the Euphrates in 603 B.C.
Hiroshima : in Central Honshu (Japan) close to the ‘Island of Light’ with the famous Shinto temples; first city destroyed by atom bomb in the Second World War.
Howrah Bridge : a cantilever span bridge constructed over the river Hooghly connecting Howrah Railway Station with Kolkata.
Hyderabad-Secunderabad : Twin city-capital of Andhra Pradesh.It stands on the river Musi, known for Charminar, Osmania University, Salarjung Museum - one of the richest and most varied collections in Asia.
India Gate : A memorial in New Delhi facing the Rashtrapati Bhavan.
Jaipur : capital of Rajasthan is famous for pottery, brassware, sculpture, ivory and sandalwood work and jewellery. Famous for Maharaja’s palace; Jai Singh’s observatory. Amber (ancient capital) Hawa Mahal.
Jallianwala Bagh : a garden in Amritsar; scene of massacre of innocent Indians by the British on 13th April 1919.
Jama Masjid : (Delhi) built by Shah Jehan, India’s biggest mosque.
Jamshedpur : (Bihar) centre of iron and steeel industry;Tata Iron and Steel Factory is located here.
Jantar Mantar : in Delhi, is an Observatory constructed in 1724 during the days of Maharaja Jai Singh II of Amber.
Jerusalem : ancient city and capital of Palestine known as ‘Holy City’. Christ was crucified here.
Jog Falls : also called Gersoppa Falls in Karnataka are one of the highest warerfalls in the world. These falls are formed by the river Sharasvati which takes a big leap down a steep rock from a height of 253 metres.
Juma Masjid, Mandu : is in Madhya Pradesh; it depicts a synthesis of Hindu and Muslim styles in architecture.
Kailasha Temple : rock-cut temple in Ellora caves.
Kalpakkam : near Chennai in Tamil Nadu is known for Chennai Atomic Power Project (MAPP).
Kanchi or Kancheepuram : Near Chennai was the ancient capital of ancient Pallavas; famous for ancient temples.
Kandahar : This is a town in Afghanistan where Pakistan backed 5 terrorists and forced the hijacked Indian Airlines lane IC 814 with 155 passengers and crew aboard to land at Kandahar Airport on December 25, 1999, keeping them hostage for seven days.
Kanya Kumari : in Tamil Nadu, famous temple (the Virgin Goddess) situated at Cape Comorin on the extreme southern tip of India where the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, and the Indian Ocean meet; a picturesque spot. Vivekananda Rock Memorial Buddha.
Kapilavastu : small kingdomin the north of India; associated with Mahatma Buddha.
Kaziranga : is a Game Sanctuary in Assam. It is the centre of the great Indian one-horned rhinos.
Khajuraho : in Madhya Pradesh famous for the group of highly ornate medieval Hindu temples.
Kodaikanal : is a town in Tamil Nadu famous for its Observatory for the study of Solar Physics.
Konarak : small town 16 km north of Puri (Orissa) famous for its Black Pagods; Sun Temple.
Kovalam : is a sea-beach about 16 km from Trivandrum in Kerala. Developed as a Tourist Resort by India Tourism Corporation.
Kremlin : Large fortified citadel in Moscow, now the headquarters of Russia. The Kremlin, originally built in 1156 by Yuri, (George) Dolgoruki, price of Suzdal became the centre around which Moscow has grown.
Qutub Minar : in Delhi (88.4 m high) is one of the master - pieces of Indian architecture and art. It is the biggest minaret in the world. Completed by Altamash in 1232 A.D.
Leaning Tower : (Pisa, Italy) 55 metres high.
Lumbini : birth place of Buddha. It is in Nepal. The Nepalese Government have plans to develop the place with the U.N. assistance as an Internatinal Tourist Resort. Madurai : in Tamil Nadu, famous for Meenakshi Temple, dedicated to Lord Siva.
Mahabalipuram : in Tamil Nadu on the Eastern Ghats, famous for temples and monumental architectures. An atomic power station is being set up near here at Kalpakkam.
Mathura : a holy city in Uttar Pradesh; Birth-place of Lord Krishna, Hindu temples; oil refinery.
Mecca : the holiest cityof the Mohammedan world in Arabia, where the Prophet was born. It stands in the desert. It is a place of pilgrimage and Muslims from all parts of the world visit the place it for Haj in every year.
Mount Blanc : highest mountain peak in Europe. It is in the Alps on the confines of Italy and France, longest road tunnel in the world.
Munich : (West Germany) scene of Munich pact; art galleries; The 20th Olympic Games (1972) were held here.
Nilgiris : mountain range in Tamil Nadu, tea plantations.
Panna : in M.P. Panna district is known for diamond mines. Panna town has several buildings of historical interest including Shri Baldeoji temple.
Pearl Harbour : in Hawaii Island (USA) Naval Base; scene of Japanese attack in World War II.
Pentagon : in Washington. It houses many Government offices of the War Department of the USA.
Petronas Twin Towers : Located in Kuala Lumpur with 88 storeys high, these are the tallest buildings in the World.
Philadelphia : (USA) place where Americans framed their Constitution and declared their Independence son 4th July, 1776.
Plassey : a village on the Ganges (West Bengal) Battle of Plassey was fought here in 1757 in which Clive defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah and laid the foundation of British Rule in India.
Pokhran : The Nuclear test site in Rajasthan, 600 kms from Jaipur. The first nuclear test was conduted on May 18, 1974 and five more on May 11 and 13 1998.
Pondicherry : formerly a French possession, since taken by the India Govenement and now specified as a Union Territory. Aurobindo Ashram is established here. ‘Auroville’, an international township inmemory of Sri Aurobindo has been built here.
Pyramids of Egypt : are vast stone or brick-built structures on west bank of the Nile. They date back to about 300 B.C. The largest is called the Great Pyramid which is 146 metres high and is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Three lakh men were employed for 20 years to build it. These Pyramids have inner chambers and subterranean entrances built by pharaohs as oval tombs.
Raj Ghat : On the bank of Jamuna in Delhi, Samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi.
Rashtrapati Bhavan : official residence of the President of India in New Delhi; known as Viceragal Lodge during British reign.
Red Fort : Red-stone Fort built by Shah Jehan in Delhi near the Jamuna.
Red Square : It is a famous open space in Moscow linked with the Kremlin by three gates used for political demonstrations and processions. Lenin’s mausoleum is in the Red Square.
Rome : capital of Italy; on the River Tiber; one of the most famous cities of the world also known as Eternal City.
Sabarmati : in Gujarat State near Ahmedabad; Harijan Ashram founded by Mahatma Gandhi.
Sarnath : situated 8 km outside Varanasi. Saranath is the famous place of Buddhist pilgrimage in India. In the ‘Deer Park’ of Sarnath, Gautama Buddha preached his First Semon. Also located here is the famous Ashoka Pillar of polished sand-stone whose lion capital was adopted by the new Republic of India as the State Emblem.
Scotland Yard : the Metropoliton Police Headquarters in London from which the force is administered CID headquarters.
Seringapatnam : Seringapatnam was the capital of Karnataka during the rule of Tipu Sultan. The fourth and the last Mysore war was fought here. Tipu Sultan died here fighting bravely against the British forces.
Sriharikota : in the Nellore district on the Andhra coast is India’s Satellite Launching Centre. The Sriharikota Range (SHAR) comprises the Sriharikota Launch Complex, Rocket Shed Facility, Static Test and Evaluation Complex, Solid Propellant Space Booster Plant and Sriharikota Common Facilities.
Suez Canal : Ship canal (Egypt) it connects the Mediterranean (Port Said) with the Red Sea (Suez).
Sunderbands : is a tract of forests and swamps - 264 km long and 129 km wide fringing the delta of the Ganges.
Taj Mahal : the white marble mausoleum built at Agra by Shah Jehan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal.
Tanjore : (Tamil Nadu) famous for museum, temples and library. Brihadeeswara temple.
Taxila : in West Pakistan; site of excavation, old seat of Buddhist culture and famous for ancient Taxila University.
Tel Aviv : magnificent city in Palestine built by the Jews; capital of Israel.
Thumba : near Trivandrum in Kerala State is known as rocket launching station.
Tirupati : in Andhra State about 160 km to the northwest of Chennai is one of the holiest places in South India. This hill temple of Sri Venkateshwara is an example of early Dravidian architecture and is one of the finest in the south.
Trafalgar : Cape Trafalgar is famous for the naval battle fought between the British led by Admiral Nelson and an allied naval force of France and Spain in 1805. Admiral Nelson won the battle though he was himself killed in action.
Triveni : in Allahabad (UP) Confluence of the Ganges, the Jamuna and the mythical Saraswati; a place of pilgrimage for the Hindus.
Varanasi : or Banares is a town in UP very sacred to the Hindus. It is known as the religious capital of Hindu India. Famous for Banares Hindu University, Vishwanath Temple, Manmandir with Jaisingh’s Observatory, Ramnagar Fort etc.,
Vatican : the Papal State of Italy; an independent territory; the palace of Pope in Rome. It includes the Church of St. Peter.
Victoria Falls : on the River Zambesi, Zambia-Central Africa. These Falls, the greatest in the world are 1700 metres wide.
Victoria Memorial : a magnificent building in Calcutta having an art gallery and a well-laid out garden attached to it.
Vijay Ghat : On the banks of the Yamuna in Delhi is Samadhi of Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri, former Prime Minister of India.
Visakhapatnam : big harbour on the eastern coast of India; ship building yard.
Viswa Shanti Stupa : (World Peace Pagoda) 45 m high stupa raised a top, the picturesque Ratnagiri hill, it is the first stupa of its kind in India.
Vivekananda Rock : is situated near Kanyakumari at the southern tip of India’s coastline. It has been so named in memory of Swami Vivekananda.
Wagah Border : This is a border between India and Pakistan. Indian Prime Minister Mr. Atal Behari Vajpayee crossed the border to enter Pakistan by bus as part of his peace initiative with India's neighbour on February 20, 1999.
Wall Street : a street in New York, centre of US Banking and Finance.
Wardha : (Maharashtra State) Mahatma Gandhi lived here for several years; centre of cotton trade.
Waterloo : Belgium; famous for the battle of Waterloo which marked the end of Napoleon’s power.
Wellington : in the Nilgiris hills (Tamil Nadu) is known for Defence Services Staff College.
White Hall : London, Government Offices.
White House : is the Official Residence of the President of the USA. It is located at 600. Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington D.C.
Wimbledon : in London, famous for Lawn Tennis Court.
Yellow Sea : Sea between northern China and Korea.
Zambesi : River in South East Africa. It flows east to Mozambique Channel, Indian Ocean.
Zojila : a pass in the way from Srinagar (Kashmir) to Leh and then to Yerkand in Tibet.
Monday, February 2, 2009
General Questions
SPORTS
TROPHIES ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS.
1.Agha Khan Cup Hockey. 2.Dhyan Chand Trophy. Hockey.
3.Nehru Trophy. Hockey. 4.Scinda Gold Trophy. Hockey.
5.MCC Trophy. Hockey. 6.Bombay Gold Cup. Hockey.
7.Ranga Swami Cup. Hockey. 8.Gurmit Trophy. Hockey.
9.M R.S..Gold Cup Hockey 10.Santosh Trophy. Football.
11.Rovers Cup Football 12 D.C.M Trophy. Football
13Nizam Gold Cup. Football. 14.Vittal Trophy. Football.
15.G.V.R.M.Trophy. Football. 16.Durand Cup Football.
17.Ranjit Trophy. Cricket. 18.Sheesh Mahal Trophy. Cricket.
19.Daleep Trophy. Cricket. 20.Irani Cup. Cricket.
21.Rohiton Trophy. Cricket. 22.Jayalakshmi Cup. Tennis(W)
23.Barna Bellack Cup Tennis(M) 24.Rajkumari Challenge Cup. Tennis(G)
25.Ramanujan Trophy. Tennis(B) 26.Burdwan Trophy. Weightlifting.
27.Prithi Singh Cup. Polo. 28.Radha Mohan Cup. Polo.
29.Wellington Trophy. Rowing. 30.Maulana Azad Trophy. Inter.Uni.Sports and Athletics.
NATIONAL GAMES OF FAMOUS COUNTRIES.
1.INDIA Hockey 2.ENGLAND Cricket
3.AUSTRALIA Cricket 4.AMERCIA-U.S.A. Base Ball.
5.SPAIN. Bull Fighting. 6.CANADA. Ice Hockey.
7.SCOTLAND. Rugby Football. 8.JAPAN. Judo.
9.PAKISTAN. Hockey. 10.MALAYSIA. Badminton.
11.U.S.S.R. Chess. 12.BRAZIL. Football.
13.CHINA. Table Tennis.
TROPHIES ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS IINTERNATIONAL(WORLD)
1.World Cup. Hockey. 2.World Cup. Cricket.
3.World Cup Football. 4.Mardeka Cup. Football.
5.Colomboo Cup Football. 6.Jules Remit Cup. World Soccer Cup.
7.Davis Cup. Lawn Tennis. 8.Wimbledom Trophy. Lawn Tennis.
9.Swaythling Cup Table Tennis(M). 10.Corbillian Cup. Table Tennis.(W)
11.Thomas Cup. Badminton. 12.Uber Cup. Badminton(W)
13.Colombo Cup. Golf(World) 14.Walker Cup. Golf(England)
15.Ryder Cup. Golf(England) 16.Prince Of Wales Cup. Golf(England)
17.Westchester Cup. Polo(England) 18.Derby Horse Race(England)
19.Grand National Horse Race(England) 20.Amercian Cup. Yact Racing.
POPULAR NAMES.
1.Sourav Ganguli. Prince Of Calcutta,Tiger Of Bengal.
2.Tendulkar. Cricket Idol,Master Blaster.
3.Kapil Dev. Haryana Ka Tufan.
4.M.A.K.Pataudi Cricket Tiger.
5.Sunil Gavaskar. Little Master.
6.Kartar Singh(Wrestler) Punjab Kesri.
7.Milkha Singh. Flying Sikh.
8.P.T.Usha. Track Queen,Golden Girl.
9.Dhyan Chand. Hockey Wizard.
SPORTS STADIUM IN INDIA.
1.Wankhede Stadium Mumbai. 2.NetaJi indoor Stadium. Kolkata.
3.Nnehru Stadium. Chennai. 4.National Stadium. Mumbai.
5.Barbourne Stadium Mumbai. 6.Keenan Stadium Jamshedpur
7.Yadavindra Stadium Patiala. 8.Barabati Stadium Cuttak(Orissa)
9.Eden Gardens Kolkata. 10.Green Park Kanpur.
11.Shivaji Stadiuw New Delhi. 12.Salt Lake Stadium Kolkata.
13.Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium New Delhi. 14.J.L. Nehru Stadium New Delhi
PLACES ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS.
1.Aintree Grand National Horse Race(England) 2.Bisley(Eng) Shooting.
3.Blackheath Rugby Football(England) 4.Brookland(Eng) Football.
5.Barboume Stadium(Mumbai)- Cricket. 6.Chepauk Ground Cricket(Chennai)
7.Corporation Stadium(Kolkata) - Football. 8.Epsom(England) Horse Racing.
9.Donchester -St.Ledger Horse Race(England) 10.Eden Garden Cricket(Kolkatta)
11.Feroze Shah Kotla Cricket(Delhi) 12.Forest Hills(New York)- Tennis.
13.Flushihg Meadows -Lawn Tennis(USA) 14. Henley(U.K) -Derby Horse Race(Eng)
15.Hurlingham -Polo(Eng) 16.Lord’s(Eng) Cricket.
17.Oval(England) Cricket 18.Putney Cricket(Eng)
19.Rolland Garros --Lawn Tennis(France)20.Twickenham(U.K.) Rugby Football
21.Wimbledon (Eng) Lawn Tennis(Eng) 21.Wembley Stadium(Eng)- Lawn Tennis
22.Yankee Stadium(New York)- Boxing.
NUMBER OF PLAYERS ON EACH SIDE IN IMPORTANT GAMES.
1.Baseball - 2 2.Basker ball – 5 3.Net Ball - 7.
4.Cricket - 11. 5.Hockey - 11 6.Associatiobn Football - 11
7.Water Polo - 7. 8.Rughy Football - 15. 9.Lacrosse - 12.
10.Croquet - 13 or 15. 11.Polo - 4. 12.Badminton,Tennis–1 or 2.
13.Volley Ball – 6. 14.Table Tennis – 1 or 2.
SOME TYPICAL SPORTS TERMS.
1.Ashes(Cricket) 2.Checkmate(Chess) 3.Cue(Billiards)
4.Deuce(Tennis) 5.Dribble(Football; Hockey) 6.Duck(Cricket)
7.Grand Slam(Bridge, Tennis) 8.Hat Trick(Cricket,Football,Hockey) 9.Sticks(Hockey)
10.Maiden Over(Cricket) 11.Pot,Gigger,Break,Scratch,Cannons,In Baulk(Billiards)
12.Drop,Let,Smash(Badminton)13.Check,Stalemate,Gambit(Chess) 14.Cox(Boating)
15.Jockey,Punter(Horse Racing)16.Chucker,Bunder,Mallet(Polo) 17.Heave(Wrestling)
18.Huff(Draughts) 19.Bogy,Tee,Stymie,Put,Caddie,Hole,Lings(golf)
20.Offside,Dribble,Corner-kick,Penalty-kick,Throw-in,Free-kick,Handball,Hat-trick(Football) 21.Volley,Service,Love,Booster,Smasher(Volleyball)
22.Bully,Sticks,Off-side,Roll-in,Penalty,Sticking,Circle.Scoop,Under-utting,Carry,Short-corner,Hat-trick(Hockey) 23.Backhand Drive,Volley,Smash,Deuce,Service,Half Volley,Net,Fault,Let,Game Set,Ace,Service Game, Service Break(Tennis)
24.Put Out,Pitcher,Strike,Diamond,Bunting,Home(Baseball) 25.Dribble,Carrying,Shifting,Zone(Basketball) 26.Jab,Hook,Upper Cut,Punch,Knockout(Boxing) 27.Vulnerable,Revoke,Ruff,Slam,Little Slam,Grand Slam,Dummy,Trump,Tricks(Bridge) 28.LBW,Maiden-over,Googly,Silly-Point,Gully,Pitch,Third-Umpire,China-Man,Close-in,Boundary,Sixer(Cricket)
THE OLYMPIC GAMES.
The games were first held in 776 BC by the Greeks in honour of God Zenus at Olymus Mount in Greece,hence the name,and they continued till 394 A.D.The games were revived by the French Baron,Pierre de Coubertin in 1894;the modern series started in 1896 at Athens.XXVIII-2004-Athens(Greece);XXIX-2008-China(Scheduled).
ASIAN GAMES
1st in 1951-New Delhi, XV-2006-Doha(Qatar),XVI-2010-Beijing(China)
SPORTS AWARDS
1.Dronacharya Award-1985-Coaches-3 Lakh.2.Arjuna award-1961-Sports Person-3 Lakh
3.Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award-1991,1992-Sports Person 5 Lakh, 4. Abdul Kalam Azad Trophy-1956-Universties-2 Lakh-GNDU(19th Time in 2003-2004) 5.Dhyan Chand Award for life time achivment-Sports Person-2002-3Lak.
SPORTSPERSONS WHO’S WHO
1.Weightlifting-Bharti Singh,Karnam Malleswari,N.Kuhjarani Devi,Gita Rani.
2.Tennis-Anand Amritraj,Leander Paes,Mahesh Bhupathi,Vijay Amritraj,Jaidep Mukherji,Sania Mirja. 3.Swimming-Arati Saha,Nisha Mittalet 4.Football-Baichang Bhutia,I.M.Vijayan. 5.Athletics-Jyotirmoyee Sikdar,Kamaljit Sandhu,M.D.Valsama,P.T.Usha,Rosa Kutty,Sunita rani,Anju Bobby George,K.M.Beenamol 6.Badminton-Aparna ghosh,Parminder Singh 7.Billiards-Ashok Shandilya,Geet Sethi,Wilson Jones,Yasin Merchant, Pankaj Advani,Alok Kumar. 8.Shootihg-Saroj Kumari,Gangan Narng,Avneet Kaur,Abhinav Bindra,Samresh Jung,Anuja Jung,Major Rathore,Jaspal Rana,Vivek Singh,Ronak,Anjali Bhagwat,Anwar Sultan. 9.Boxing-Akhil Kumar,Gurcharan Singh,Dingko Singh,Hawa Singh,Md.Ali Qamar 10.Chess-Anupama Gokhale,Dibyendu Baura,Nisha. Mohota,S.Vijayalakshmi ,Vishwanathan Anand,K.Sasi Kiran. 11.Golf-Chiranjeev Milkha Singh,Irina Brar,Jyoti Rahdhawa,Shiv Kapoor. 12.Hockey-Ajit Pal Singh,Baljit Saini,Baljeet Singh Dhillon,Dhan Raj Pillay,Jude felix,Pargat Singh,Ramandeep Singh,Jagraj Singh,Gagan Ajit Singh 13.Wrestling-Palwinder Chimma,Surjit Mann, 14.Kabaddi-Ram Mehar Singh,E.Prasad Rao. 15.Paddling-Sukhajit Singh,Achanta Kamal,Soumyadeep Roy.16.Table Tennis-Sharath Achanta.
PLAY GROUNDS
1.Court(Badminton,Lawn Tennis 2.Ring(Boxihg.Ice-hockey.Wrestlihg)
3.Diamond(Base ball) 4.Pitch(Cricket) 5.Arena(Wrestling) 6.Green(Golf)
7.Link(Golf) 8.Rink(Skating)
SPORTS MEASURMENTS.
1.Badminton;44 ft. by 20 ft.(Doubles);44 ft,by 17 ft.(Singles)
2.Billiards;10 ft.iong,5 ft. side and 3 ft high.
3.Basketball;85 ft. by 46 ft.(Maximum Dimensions).
4.Cricket;Ground:Round or oval shaped;Wickets:22 yds.apart;Ball;8-13/14 to 9 inches in circumference and 5-3/4 oz. In weight;Bat:4-1/4 tinches maximum width and 38 inches maximum length;Bowling crease :8 inches in length;Popping crease:4 ft. from the wicket and deemed unlimited in length;strumps;27 inches out of the ground.
5.Golf:Hole;4-1/2 inches;Ball:1-1/2 oz. In weight.
6.Polo;Ground:300 yds. By 200 yds. 7.Marathon Race;26 Miles, 385 yds.
8.Table Tennis:9 ft. 6 ft, 2-1/2 ft. 9.Volley ball Court:Rectangular 30ft.by 30ft.
10.Tennis Court:78ft.by 28ft,(sin,)78ft,by,38ft.(Dou) 11.Water Polo;30yds. 20yds.
SYMBOLS OF HERITAGE.
1.Ajanta Caves-Aurangabad(Maharastra) 2.Amar Nath Cave-Jammu and Kashmir.
3.Buland Darwaza-Fatehpur Sikri(Uttar Pardesh)4.Bahai House Of Worship-Delhi
5.Charminar-Hydrabad. 6.India Gate-Delhi. 7Dilwara Temples,MountAbu-Rajasthan
8.Gandhi Sadan-New Delhi. 9.Gate Way Of India-Mumbai. 10.Jantar Mantar-Delhi.
11.Gol Gumbaj-Bija Pur(Karnataka) 12.Hawa Mehal(Place Of Wind)-Jaipur.
13.Gomateshwara-Karnataka. 14.Golden Temple-Amritsar. 15.Jagannath Temple-Puri.
16.JamaMasjid-Delhi.17.Khajuraho Temples-Madhya Pardesh. 18.Red Fort-Delhi.
19.Lingaraja Temple-Bhubneshwar(Orrisa) 20.Mahabodh Temple-Bodhgaya(Bihar)
21.Minakshi Sundareshwar Temple-Madhurai(Tamil Nadu) 22.Quatab Minar-Delhi.
23.Salim Chisti Tomb-Fatehpur Sikri. 24.Sanchi Stupa-Sanchi(Madhya Pardesh)
25.Surya Temple-Konak(Orrisa) 26.Somnath Temple-Gujrat. 27.Taj Mahal-Agra.
28.Victoria Memorial(Kolkata).29.Rashtarpati Bhawan-New Delhi.30.Vrindaban Garden-Mysore.31.Pinjore Garden-.Pinjore Haryana.32.Shalimar Garden-Shri Nagar.33.Mogal Garden-.Rashtarpati Bhawan.34.Mahabalipuram Temple-Tamil Nadu
35.Raghunath Temple-Jammu.36.Moti Masjid-Agra.37.Ellora Caves –Aurangabad.(Maharashtra).38.Elephant Caves-Mumbai.39.Kotla Nihang Khan-Near Ropar(Punjab).40.Lothal-Gujrat.
A MUSICAL WHO’S WHO.
1.Tabla Players-Samta Prasad,Alla Rakha Khan,Zakir Husan.
2.Sarod-Ali Akbar Khan,Zarin Daruwala,Saran Rani Bhakiwal,Amjad Ali Khan.
3.Sarangi-Ram Narayan. 4.SurBahar-Imanat Khan 5.Violin-V.C.Jog.
4.Sitar-RaviShankar,Late.Vilayat Khan,Nikhil Bannerji,AbdulHalem Zafar,Zubin Mehta.
5.Flute-Hari Prasad Chaursia. 6.Oddisi-Sanyukta Panigrahi,Kelucharn Mohapatra,Kiran Sehgal. 7.Bharatnaytam-Sonal Mansingh,Yamini Krishnamurti,Rukmini Devi.
9.Vocalists-Kumar Gandharva(Hindustani),Amir Khan,Bhim Sen Joshi,Mehndi Hasan(Ghazal),Jas Raj,Singh Bandhoo,D.A.Paluskar,Begum Akhtar(Ghazal),Naina Devi,Parveen Sultana,Neena Mehta,M.S.Subbulakshmi(Carnatic),Rajindra Mehta,Jagjit Singh,Chitra Singh, Parveen Sultana,Malikarjun Mansur(Hindustani),Kishori Amonkar.
10.Kathak Dancers-Birju Maharaj,Uma Sharma,Lachchu Maharaj,Roshan Kumari,Durga Lal,Sitara Devi,Gopi Krishna. 11.Kathakali-Uday Shankar,Kanju Kurup.
12.Kuchipudi-Swapnasundri,Sudha Shekar,Raja and Radha Reddy.
13.Manipuri-Charu Mathur,Sadhana Bose,Guru Bipin Singh.
FIRST IN THE WORLD AND INDIA.
1.First President of The U.S.A(Amercia)-George Washington(1789-1797).
2.First President of The U.S.S.R(Russia)-Lenin.
3.First Prime Minister of The U.K(Great Britan)-Robert Walpole.
4.First Prime Minister of Pakistan-Liaquat Ali Khan.
5.First Governor General of Pakistan-Mohammed Ali Jinnah(1947).
6.First President of Chinna-Sun Yat-Sen(1921-1925).
7.First Pope of visit India-Pope Paul VI(1964).
8.First Secretary General of The United States-Trygve Lie(Norway 1946-1953).
9.First Indian to speak in Hindi at the United Nations-A.B.Vajpayee.
10.First woman President of the U.N.General Assembly-Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit.
11.First woman Prime minister of a country-Mrs.Bandaranaika(Sri Lanka1960).
12.First man to cross the Sahara Desert-Dixonham and Hugh(England).
13.First man to set foot on the moon-Neil Armstrong(U.S.A.1969).
14.First man to climb up the Mount Everest twice-Nawang Gombu(India).
15.First Chinese Pilgrim to visit India-Fahien(401-410).
16.First Englishman to receive the Noble Prize in literature-Rudyard Kipling(1907).
17.First European invader of India-Alexandar(Greek,326B.C.).
18.First Asian to get the Nobel Prize in literature-R.N.Tarore(1913).
19.First man to climb Mount Everest-Tenzing(India) and Hillary(New Zealand)1953.
20.First Asian woman to cross the English Channel-Aarti Saha(India)1959.
21.First person to receive Rajiv Gandhi Sadbhavana Award-Mother Teresa.
22.First Indian woman Astronaut to enter space in Nov.1998-Kalpana Chawla.
23.India’s First War Museme is situated at-Bhatian(Ludhiana-Punjab).
24.The first lady Chief Minister of Punjab-Rajinder Kaur Bhattal.
25.The first lady Chief Minister of Bihar-Rabri Devi.
26.The first scientist of the world to clone an animal-Inawilmut(Scoottish-1997).
27.First Indian to enter the Indian Civil Service-S.N.Banerjee.
28.The first Indian state to impliment the Panchayati Raj System-Rajsthan.
29.The first Indian scienst to receive the Noble Prize-C.V.Raman(Physics).
30.First human statue worshipped in India was that of-Mahatma Budha.
31.First Modern Olympic Games-1896.
32.The first bank of India was-Bank of Hindustan(1770). 33.India’s First Magsaysay Award winner was-Vinoba Bhave.
34.India’s first test tube baby was-Indira(Baby Harsha).
35.First General Post Office of India was-Madras G.P.O.(1786).
36.India’s first plane to be hijacked was-Fokker Friehdship Plane(1971).
37.India’s Hill Station at the highest altitude-Gulmarg J&K(8550 ft).
38. India’s first woman cosmonaut-Kalpana Chawla of Hariyana.
39.First actress of the talkies(Alam Ara)-Zubeida(1931).
40.First Chief Justice of India-Hira Lal Kania(1950-51).
41.First telepnone line introduced in India-1851.
42.First Chairman of Prasar Bharti-Nikhil Chakravarty.
43.First Sikh University was set up in –London(1998).
44.First Indian to get Noble Prize in Economics-Prof.Amartya sen 1998)
45.First amendment in the Indian Constitution-1950.
46.India’s first fighter jet-NET.
47.First Prime Minister of India-Jawahar Lal Nehru.
48.First Deputy Prime Minister of India-Sr.Patel.
49.First President of India-Dr.Rajendra Prasad.
50.First Vice-President of India-Dr.S.Radhakrishan.
51.First Muslim President of India-Dr.Zakir Hussan.
52.First Sikh Presideht of India-Gaini Zail Singh.
53.First Dalit President of India-K.R.Narayanan.
54.First Woman Prime Minister of India-Mrs.Indira Gandhi.
55.First Prime Minister to resign from post-Morarji Desai.
56.First woman Prime Chief Minister of an Indin State-Mrs.S.K.Kriplani.
57.First Woman Governer of an Indian State-Sarojni Naidu.
58.First woman judge of Supreme Court-Fatima Biwi.
59.First woman chief justice of High court-Leela Seth.
60.First woman President of Indian National Congress-Annie Beasant(1917).
61.First woman I.P.S Officer-Mrs.Kiran Bedi
62.First Indian Miss Universe-Sushmita Sen.
63.First Indian Miss World-Reita Faria(1996)
64.First Indian woman to climb Mount Everest-Bechhendri Pal.
65.First Indian woman to swim across the English Channel-Mihir Sen.
66.First Indian woman to swim across the Palk Straits-Mihir Sen.
67.First Indian Cosmonaut-Rakesh Sharma.
68.First Indian Field Marshal- Manekshaw.
69.First Noble Prize Winner-R.N.Tagore.
70.First Mughal Emperor of India-Babar.
71.First Viceroy of India-Lord Canning.
72.First President of the Indian National Congress-W.C.Banerjee.
73.First Governor General of Indian Union-C.Rajagopalachari.
74.First Governor General of Free India-Lord Mountbatten.
75.First Talkie Film of India-Alam Ara(1931).
76.First Battle Tank Of India-Arjuna.
77.First Satellite of India-Aryabhatta.
78.First Asian Games were held in-India(1951).
79.First Indian lady to win Nobel Peace prize-Mother Teresa.
80.First Indian lady to rule over Delhi-Razia Sultana(1236-1240).
81.First actress to win Padam Shri Award-Nargis Dutt in 1958.
82.First Bharat Ratna Award Winner-C.Rajagopalchari(1954).
83.First Chairman of the Rajya Sabha-S.V.Krishna Moorthy
84.First Chief Election Commishner of India-Sukumar Sen(1950-1958).
85.First Commandar-in-Chief of the Indian Army-K.M.Cariappa(1945-1953).
86.First Home Minister of India-Sardar Patel.
87.First man to climb Mount Everest without Oxygen-Phu Dorjee(1984).
88.First Indian member of British Parliyament-Dadabhai Naoroji.
89.First woman Missionary of India-Sanghamitra Ashoka’s daughter.
90.First woman to get Sathitya Academi Award-Amrita Pritam(1956).
91.First Speaker of the Indian Lok Sabha-Ganesh Vasudeo(1952-1957).
92.First Slave ruler of India-Quatab-ud-din Aibak.
IMPORTANT MONUMENTS OF INDIA.
1.Rajghat(Samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi)-New Delhi.
2.Shakti Sthal(Samadhi of Indira Gandhi)-New Delhi.
3.Shantivan(Samadhi of Pt.J.L.Nehru)-New Delhi.
4.Vijay Ghat(Samadhi of Lal Bahadur)-New Delhi.
5.Gandhi Sadan(Where Gandhiji was assassinated in 1948)-New Delhi.
6.Kranti Maidan(Historic venue where Gandhi gave ‘quit India’call 1942)-Mumbai.
7.Tomb of Akbar-Sikandrabad(U.P.)
8.Tomb of Sher Shah Suri-Sasaram(Bihar).
INDIA’S MISSILE PROGRAMS.
1.Agni-Surface to surface ballistic missible with the range 1200-2000 KM.
2.Prithvi-Surface to surface battle field missible with range 150 to 250 KM.
3.Trishul-Surface to surface missible with range 500 meter to 9KM only.
4.Nag-Anti tank guided missible with the range 4km developed on the concept.
5.Akash-Medium range (25km) Surface to air missible.
SOME IMPORTANT POLICITAL PARTIES OF INDIA.
NAME OF PARTY SYMBOL PRESIDENT/GEN.SECY.
1.Indian National Congress -Hand -Sonia Gandhi.
2.Bhartiya Janta Party -Lotus -Rajnath Singh.
3.Communist Party of India(CP) -Earls of Corn and Sickle –A.B.Vardhan.
4.Communist Party of India(CPIM)-(Star,Sickle and Hamma)-Parkash Karat(Gen.Secy).
5.Janata Dal -Wheel -Shard Yadav.
6.Rashtriya Janta Dal(RJD) -Lalten -Laloo Yadav.
7.Samajwadi Party(UP) -Cycle -Mulayam Singh Yadav.
8.Akali Dal(Punjab) -Balance -Parkash Singh Badal.
9 Telgu Desham(Andhra Pardesh) -Cycle -Chandra Babu Naidu.
10.Lok Jan Shakti Party(Bihar) -Hut -Ram Vilas Paswan.
11.Shiv Sena(Maharashtra) -Bow and Assoni -Udhav Thakeray.
12.Bahajun Smaj Party(BSP) -Elephant -Mayavati.
IMPORTANT NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL DAYS.
1.12th Jan.-National Youth Day. 2.21st jan.-Army Day.
3.26th Jan.-World’s Customs Day. 4.30th Jan.-Martys Day.
5.28th Feb.-National Science Day. 6.2nd March.-World Day for Water.
7.4th March.-National Safety Day. 8.8th March.-Women Day.
9.15th Mar.-Disabled Day. 10.21st Mar.-World Forestry Day.
11.7th Apr.-World Health Day. 12.13th Apr.Jalllianwala Day.
13.18th Apr.-World Heritage day. 14.23rd Apr.-World Book Day.
15.24th Apr.-Manav Ekta Divas. 16.1st May.-Lobour Day.
17.3rd May.-World Press Freedom Day. 18.8th May.-Red Cross Day.
19.11th May.-Technology Day. 20.21st May.-Anti-terrorism Day.
21.24th May.-Commonwealth Day. 22.31st may.-No Tobacoo Day.
23.5th June.-Environment Day. 24.27th June.-World Diabetes Day.
25.11th July.-Population Day. 26.9th Aug.-Quit India Day.
27.15th Aug.-Independence Day. 28.20th Aug.-Sadbnavana Day.
29.29th Aug.-Sports Day. 30.5th Sep.-Teachers Day.
31.8th Sep.-Literacy Day. 32.16th Sep.-World Ozone Day.
33.27th Sep.-World Tourism Day. 34.2nd Oct.-Gandhi Jayanti.
35.2nd Oct.-World Vegetarian Day. 36.2nd Oct.-World Animal Day.
37.5th Oct.-World Habitat Day. 38.8th Oct.-Air Force Day.
39.24th Oct.-U.N.O.Day. 39.31st Oct.-National Intergration Day.
40.14th Nov.-Children Day. 41.1st Dec.-AIDS Day.
42.3rd Dec.-World Handicapped Day. 43.4th Dec.-Navy Day.
44.7th Dec.-Flag Day. 44.10th Dec.-Human Rights Day.
ART AND CULUTURE.
1.Lotus-Civitsation and Culture 2.Red Cross-Medical Service/Hospital.
3.Red Triangle-Family Planning. 4.Maharaja-Air India.
5.White Flag-Truce. 6.Red Flag-Danger/Revolution.
7.Oline Branch-Peace. 8.Red Light-Traffic Signal of ‘STOP’.
9.Green Light-Traffic Sign of ‘GO’. 10.Black Armband-Sign of Mouring in protest
11.Dove-Peace. 12.Balance Scale-Justice.
13.Black Flag-Protest. 14.Flag at half mast-National Mouring.
15.Ujjain(Madhya Pardesh)-Kumb Mela. 16.Varanasi(Uttar Pardesh)-Silk Saries,Benaras
IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL AWARDS.
1.Noble Prize-1901-Estlablished in 1967 and named after Alfred Bernhard Nobel,a chemical engineer.Awarded annually on December 10 for outstanding work in the fields of 1.Physics2.Chemistry3.Phycology and Medicine4.Literature,5.Peace,and 6.Economics.
2.Pulitzer Prize-1970-Named after the US publisher Joseph Pulitzer,Conferred annually in the USA for outstanding work in Journalism,Literature and Music.
3.Magsaysay Award-1957-Named after Ramon Magsaysay,President of the Philippines.Conferred annually on August 31,for outstanding contributions in public Service,Community Leadership,Journalism,Literature and Creative Arts,and International Understanding.
4.Templeton-1972-Named after John,M Templeton,a presbyteriah of Nassau,Bahamas,Conferred for progeress in religion.
5.Jawahar Lal Nehru Award-1965-Conffered by the Government of India for outstanding for International Understanding contributions in the promotion of international understanding,goodwill and friendship.
6.Right Livelihood Award-1980-Insituted by Jakob Voh Vexkull,a Swedish-German writer,itr is also called the ‘Alternative Nobel Prize’. Conferred annuly for practical and exemplary solutions to real problems of today.
7.Booker Prize-1968-It is a prestigious literacy award conferred annually by the Booker Company and the British Publishers Associtation.
8.Oscar-1929-Conferred annually by the Academy of Motion Pictures,Arts and Sciences.
9.Jesse Owens Global Award-1992-To honour individuals with a sports background who have made significant and lasting contribution to society.
10.Kalinga Award-1952-Set up at the initiative of Mr Biju Pathak,the founder of Kalinga Foundation Trust in Orissa.It is conterred annually by the Washigton based selection committee.
11.World Food Size-1979-The award was conceived by Dr.Norman Borlaug and financed by the Kraft General Foods. It+ is conferred annually by the Washigton based selection committee.
12.Mahatma Gandhi Peace-Instituted by the Government of India to mark the 125th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. It is worth US Dollar 10,000.
13.UN Human Rights Award-1966-The award is given every five years for individual contributions to the establishment of human rights.
MAIN DANCES OF INDIA.
1.Bharatanatyam-It,s a solo dance, originated in the temple of South Africa.
2.Kathakali-This dance is from Kerala and has origin in the courts of the kings of Kerala.
3.Mohiniattam-This dance is alsi from Kerala and is a solo dance.
4.Kucipidi-It is a solo dance popular in Andhra Pardesh, Traditionally.It is performed by men.
5.Kathak-This dance originated in North India.
6.Odisi-As the name indicates, the dance developed in Orrisa.
7.Manipuri-Manipuri is a dance form popular in the North-East India.
AUTOBIOGRAPHIES.
1.A Brush with life-Satish Gujral 2.By God,s Decree-Kapil Dev.
3.Daughter of the East-Benazir Bhutto. 4.Freedom in Exile-Dalai Lama.
5.Golden Girl-P.T.Usha. 6.I Reach for the Stars-Barbara Cartland.
7.In the Afternoon of time-Harivansh Rai Bachan 8.Mein Kamft-Adof Hilter.
9.Long Walk to Freedom-Nelson Mandela. 10.My Days-R.K.Narayan.
11My Experiments with Truth-Mahatma Gandhi.12.My Story-Kamala Das.
13.My Music, My Life-Pt. Ravi Shankar.14.My Presidential Years-R.Venkatraman.
15.The Fall of a Sparrow-Salim Ali.16.The Necked Triangle-Balwant Gargi.
17.Truth,Love and a little Malice-Khushwant Singh. 18.The Tunnel of Time-R.K.Laxman 19.The Wings of Fire-Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam.
BOOKS AND AUTHORS
1.Ajatshatru Jai Shankar Prasad 2.Anandmath Bankim Chandra Chatterji 3.Devdas Sharat Chandra Chatterjee 4.Discovery of India J.L.Nehru
5.Divine Life Swami Sivanada 6.Gitanjali R.N. Tagore
7.Godaan M.P.Chand 8.The Guide R.K.Narayan
9Hind Swaraj M.K.Gandhi 10.India Divided Rajendra Prasad
11.India of Our Dreams M.V.Kamath 12.Kadambari Bana Bhatt
13.Kamayani Jai Shankar Prasad 14. Kapal Kundal Bankim Chandra Chatterjee 15.Kayakalp Munchi Prem Chand 16. Life divine Aurobindo Ghosh
17.Malgudi Days R.K.Narayan 18. My Days R.K.Narayan
19 My Experiments With Truth M.K.Gandhi 20. .Pinjar Amrita Pritam
21. Operation Bluestar Lt. Gen. K.S.Brar 22. Panchatantra Vishnu Sharma
23. Ram Charita Manas Tulsidas 23. Ramayana Valmiki
24. Rangbhoomi Munshi Prem Chand 25.Ratnavali Harsha Vardhan
26. Saket Maithili Sharan Gupt 27. Shakuntala Kalidas
28. Swami And Friends R.K.Narayan 29. A Suitable Boy Vikram Seth
30. The God of SmallThings Arundhati Roy 31. We,Indians Khushwant Singh
32. A Brush With Life Satish Gujral 33. A Possible India Partha Chatterjee
34. A Conceptual Encyclopedia of Guru Granth Sahib S.S. Kohli
35. A Foreign Policy for India I.K.Gujral 36.Adhe Adhure Mohan Rakesh
37. A House for Mr. Biswas V.S.Naipaul 38. A Passage to England Nirad C. Chaudhuri
39 A Prisoner’s Scrap Book L.K.Advani 40. A Revolutionary Life Laxmi Sehgal
41.A Secular Aganda Arun Shourie 42. Amar Kosh Amar Singh
43.Agni Pariksha Acharya Tulsi 44. Between the Lines Kuldip Nayar
45.An Idealist View of Life Dr.S.Radhakrishnan 46. Beyond Belief V.S.Naipal
47An Unfinished Dream Dr.Verghese Kurien 48. Bharat Aur Europe Nirmal Verma
49. Bisarjan R.N. Rabindranath Tabore 50. Bharat Bharti Maithli Sharan
51. Broken Wings Sarojini Naidu 52. Chandalika R.N. Tagore 53. Conquest of Self M.K.Gandhi 54. Coolie Mulk Raj Anand..
55. Court Dancer R.N.Tagore 56. Dark Room R.K.Narayan
57.Death of a city Amirita Pritam 58.Dharamashastra Manu
59.Eassays on Gita Aurbindo Ghosh 60. Faces of Everst Maj.H.P.S. Ahiuwalia
61.Geet Govinda Jai Dev 62. Gita Rahasya Bal Gangadhar Tilak
63. Gitanjali R.N.Tagore 64.Glimpses of World History J.L.Nehru 65.Mother India Ketherine Mayo 66. 25 years Of Sunny Days Sunil Gavaskar.
67. Prison Dairy Jayaprakash Narayan 68.Third World War Humphrey Hauxley.
69.The Road Ahead, The Speed of Thought ------------ Bill Gates
70.Train To Pakistan, Delhi, A Brush With Life, The Company Of Women, Truth Love And Little Malice, Lights and Sounds of World, Notes on Great India Circus---
Khushwant Singh
71. Daughter Of The East, Pakistan -The Gathering Storm Benazir Bhutto
72.In My Own Words- Dalai Lama
QUOTATIONS OF GREAT EDUCATIONISTS.
1.The aim of all education,of all training,should be man making-Swami Vivekanand.
2.We need life building, man making, character-making assimilation of ideas-Swami vivekanand.
3.It is man making education all around that we want-Swami Vivekanand.
4.Education is the manifestation if divihe perfection already existing in men-Swami Vivekanand.
5.Education is means for character formation and righteous living-Swami Vivekanand.
6.True education beignsonly when a man turns from all external aids to the infinity with in and becomes,as it were,a nature source of original knowledge or a spring if brand of new ideas-Swami Ram Tirth.
7.Education is that which makes one,s life in harmony with all exitence and thus enables the mind to find the ultimate truth which gives us wealth of inner light and love and gives significance of life –Rabindra Nath Tagore.
8.Education is self realization and service to the people-Guru Nanak Dev.
9.Whom can we call bad,whom good,when we saw the same God within all and the master has revealed this truth to us-Guru Nanak Dev.
10.Education is the true sence is helping the individual to be mature and free,to flower greatly in love and goodness.That is what we should be interested in,and not in shaping the child according to some idealistic pattern- J.Krishnamurti.
11.A mind that has merely been trained is contitinuation of the past and such a mind can never discover the new to find out what is right education,we will nave to inquire into the whole significance if living-J.Ksishnamurti.
12.Education is the realization of the self-Shankaracharya.
13.Educations the debt due from the present to future generation-T.Raymont. s
14.Educatiopn is the process of development from infancy to maturity,the process by which he adapts himself gradually in various ways to his phycial and spiritual environment-T.Raymot.
15.It is really life that educates one is educated by one,s vocation,by home life,by friendship,by marriage,byparenthood,by recreation,by travel and so forth-T.Raymont.
16.By education,I meant all round drawing out the best in child and man-body,mind and spirit-Mahatama Gandhi.
17.The troubles of the whole world including India are due to the fact that education has become a mere intellectual exercise and not the acquisition of moral and spiritual values-Dr.Radha Krishan.
18.Education is the process of the individual mind,getting to its full possible development-Dr.Zakir Hussain.
19.Education means the bringing out the ideas of universal validity which are latent in the mind of every man.-Socrates.
20.The aim of education is to dispel error and to discover truth-Socrates.
21.If one is to be creative member of society,one must not only sustain one,s own growth,but contribute something to the growth of society-Hymayun Kabir.
22.Education is a dynamic process which in its totality changes with the changing situations and developihg circumstances.-Humayun Kabir.
23.Educated men are as superior as living are to dead-Aristotle.
24.Education is the creation of a sound mind in a sound body.It developes man,s faculty especially his mind so that he may be able to enjoy the contemplation of supereme truth,goodness and beauty of which perfect happiness essentially consists-Aristotle.
25.Education means traning for the country and love for Nation-Kautilya.
26.Human education means the training which one gets from nature-Panini.
27Education is something which makes a man self reliant and selfless-Rigveda.
28.Education has been understood as something the end product of which is Salvation-Upanishads.
29.Education is that which makes a man of good character and useful to the world-Yajnavalkya.
30.Only the educated are free-Epictetus.
31.The educatipn constitutes the special environment real factor whose function is to lead the child nearer reality,to guide him towards his utmost possible perfection-Ross.
32.The aim of education is the development of a valuable personality and spiritual individuality-Ross.
33.Like a magnet,education must have two poles-Ross
34.Education is gymnastics for the body and music for the mind-Plato.
35.The unexamined life is not worth living-Plato.
36.Edocation is the capability to feel pleasure and pain at the right moment.It developes in the body and in the soul of the pupil all the perfection which he is capable of –Plato.
37.Education does not mean teaching people what they do not know.It means teaching them to behave as they do not behave-Ruskin.
38.Education means development of self contment-Kannada.
39.Education is man’s going forward from cocksure ignorance to thoughtful uncertainly-Keenth.G.Johnsan.
40.Education should make an individual vocationally self-dfependent,intellectually vocationally self-depehdent, intellectually mature,socially efficient,culturally refihed, morallyvirtuous and spiritually advances-Dr.R.N.Safaya.
41.Education is helping the growing soul to draw out that is in itself-Aurobindo Ghosh.
42.Life is education and education is life-Lodge.
43.Education is complete living-Spencer.
44.Education begins with life-Franklin.
45.Education is the cheap defence of nations-Burke.
46.A democracy is more than a form of government,it is primarily a mode of assiciared living,a conjoint communicated experience-John Dewey.
47.School is a special environment where a certain quality of life and certain types of activities and occupations are provided with the object of securing child’s development along desirable lines-John Dewey.
48.Education is the development of all those capacities in the individual wgich will enable him to control his environment and fulfil his possibilities-John Dewery.
49. Education is a tripolar process.All education proceeds by the participation of the individual in the social consciousness of the race-John Dewery.
50. Education is the orgnaisation of acquired habits of conduct,or actions and tendencies of behavior such individual to his physial and social environment-William James.
51.The realization of all the possibilities of human growth and development is education-Francis W.Parker.
52.Education is the conscious and deliberate process in which one personality acts upon another in order to modify the development of the other by the communication and manipulation of knowledge.-John Adams.
53.Education is a bipolar process-John Adames.
54.The attainment of a sound mind in a sound body is the end of education.-John Locke.
55.Education should help the child to adjust himself phycially and mentally to his environment and to the changing circumstances of life.-Lemark.
56.Man is greater than any system of thought-Conficus.
57.Education makes a people easy to lead,but difficult to drive,easy to govern,but impossible to inslave- Lord Budda.
58.Observation more than books, experience rather than persons,are the prime educators-A.B.Aclott.
59.I believe in democracy because it releases the energies of every human being-Woodrow Wilson.
60.Since wars begin in the minds if men,it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed-UNESCO.
61.Non formal education is one which is imparted through organization and institution outside the formal education institutions-Coombs.
62.High aims from high characters and great objects bring out great minds-Tyron Edwards.
63.Everything is good as it comes from the hands of Author of Nature,but everything degenerates in the hands of man.God makes all things good.Man meddles with them and they become evil-Rousseau.
64.Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge,belief,art,morals,law,custom and any capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society-E.B.Taylor.
65.National integration is a psychological and educational process involving the development of a feeling of unity,solidarity and cohesion in the hearts of people,a sence of common citizenship and a feelihg of loyalty to the Nation-National Intergration Confrence Report,1961.
66.Adolescence is the age of great ideas and the beginning of theorics as well as the time of simple adaptation to reality-Jean Peaget.
67.All men are born as human beigns need education because they are destined to be realmen,not wild beasts,dull animals and clumps of wood-Comenius.
68.Education is the natural,harmonious,and progressive developmentof man’s innate powers-Pestalozzi.
69.Education is unfoldment of what process enfolded in the germ.It is the process through the child makes internal and external.-Frobel.
70.Education is the complete development of the individuality of the child so that he can make an original contribution to human life according to the best if his capacity.-T.P.Nunn.
71.Education is the influence of the environment on the individual with a view to producing a permanent change in his habits,behaivour,of thought and of attitude.-Thompson.
72.Education is the deliberate and systematic influence exerted by the mature person upon the immature,through instruction,discipline and harmonius,development of physical intellectual,aesthetic,social and spiritual powers of human being,according to the individual and social needs and directed towards the union of educated with his creation as the final end.-Reddin.
73.Education is the transmission of life by the living to the living.-Edward Thrilg.
74.There is only one subject matter of education and that is life in all its manifestations.-A.N.Whitehead.
75.Growth must be towards an ideal human character.-H.H.Horne.
76.Education is purposeful and ethical activity hence it is unthinkable without aims.-Riulin.
77.Without the knowledge of aims,education is like a sailor who does not know his goal or his destination and child is like rudderless vessel which will be drifted along somewhere ashore.-B.D.Bhatia.
78.Be proud that you are an Indian,proudly claim I am an Indian every Indian is my Brother-Vivekanda.
79.Geni us is one percent inspiration and nineteen percent perspiration.-Thomas adison.
80.The greatest remendy for anger is delay.-L.A.Seneca.
81.If everybody minded their own business the world would would go round a great deal faster than it does-Lewis Carroll.
82.Advice is judged by results,not by intentions-Cicero.
83.Every man’s affairs,however little,are important to himself-Samuel Johnsan.
84.The individual must die so that India may live.Today I must die so that India may win freedom and glory.
85.It is an unfortunate fact that we can secure peace only by preparing for war.-John.K.Kennedy.
86.He who can not prevent a crime which he can,encourages it.-Seneca.
87.God,as some cynic has said,is always on the side which has the best football coach.-Heywood Brown.
88.Take care to get what you like,or you will forced to like what you get.-Georage Bernaral Shaw.
89.There is no future in any job,the future lies in the man who holds the job.-G.W.Crane.
90.Impossibilty:a word only to be found in the dictionary of fools.-Napoleon Bonaparte.
91.The difficult is that which can be done immediately;The impossible is that which takes a little longer.-George Santayana.
92.The crisis of yesterday is the joke of tommorow.-H.G.Wells.
93.To the timid and hesitating every thing is impossible because it seems so.-Walter Scot.
94.A failure establishes only this,that our determination to succeed was not strong enough.-Bovee.
95.If all our misfortunes were laid in common heap,whence every one must take an equal poirtion,most people would be content to take their own and depart.-Socrates.
96.God give us grace to accept with serenty the things that can not be changed,courage to change the thihg which should be changed,and the wisedom to distinguish the one from the other.-Reinhold Neibuhr.
97.Those are not the best students who are most dependent on books.What can be got out from them is at best only material;A man must build his house for himself.-G.Machdoland.
98.The way to wealth is an plan as the way to market.It depends chiefly on two words,industry and frugality,that is waste neither time nor money;but make the best use of both.Without industry and frugality,nothing will do,and with them everything.-Frasnklin.
99.Superstition is the religion of feeble minds-Edmund Burke.
100.Despise death and you have conquered every fear.-Publilius.
101.Education has produced a vast population able to read out unable to distinguish what is worth readihg.-G.M.Trevelyan.
102.Being born,we die;our end is the conseqence of our beginning.-Manilius.
103.I never met a man I didn’t like.-Will Rogers.
104.The trouble with the world is that the stupid are cocksure and the intelligent full of doubt-Bertrand Russel.
105.Three passions,simple but overwhelmingly strong,have governed my life:the longing for love,the search for knowledge and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind-Bertrand Russel
106.Temptation usually comes in through a door that has deliberately been left open-Arnold Glasow.
107.Every man who knows how to read has it in his power to magnify,to multiply the ways in which he exists,to make his life full,significant and interestihg.-Aldous Huxely.
108.We learn from history that we learn nothing from history-George Bernard Shaw.
109.The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.-Franklin D.Roosevelt.
110.There are many scapegoats for our sins,but the most popular is prividence.-Mark Twain.
111.Big brother is watching you.-George Orwel.
112.Evil habits,once settled,are more easily broken than mended.-Quintilliian.
113.A short cut to riches is to subtract from our desires-Petrarch.
114.To maintain a fault known is a double fault.-John Jewel.
115.Consider how hard it is to change yourself and you will understand what little chance you have trying to change others.-Arnold Glasow.
116.It is with our passion,as it is with fire and water,they are good servants but bad masters-L’sstrange.
117A thing of beauty is joy for every;Its loveliness increases;It will never pass into nothingness-Keats.
118.Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some to be chewed and digested-Bacon.
119.Since brevity is the soul of wit,and tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes.I will be brief.-Shakespeare.
120.The old order changeth,yielding place to new,And God fulfils himself in many ways.Lets one good custom should corrupt the world.-Tennyson.
121.The child is father of the man.-William Wordsworth.
122.Cowards die many times before their death;The valiant never taste of death but once.-William Shakespeare.
123.I came, I saw ,I conquered.-William Shakespeare.
124.The Government of the people,by the people,for the people shall not perish from the earth.-Abraham Lincon
125.And to my fellow Americans,ask not what your country can do for you,ask what can you do for your country.-John f.Kennedy.
126.England expects every man to do his duty.-Lord Nelson.
127.Of all the nations in the world at present the English are stupidest in speech and wise in action.-Thomas Grey.
128.Oh,East is East,and West is West,and never the twain shall meet.Till Earth and Sky stand presently at God’s great judgement seat.-Rudyard Kipling.
129.But be not afraid of greatness;some are born great,some achieve greatness and some have greatness trust upon them.-William Shakespeare.
130.Knowledge is power.-Francis bacon.
131.Every despot must have one disloyal subject to keep him sane-G.B.Shaw.
132.An honest man can never surrender an honest doubt.Where ignorance is bliss,’Tis folly to be wise-Walter Malone.
133.What’s in a name?That which we call a rose,By any other name would smell as sweet-William Shakespeare.
134.Peace hath her victories,No less renown’d than war-John Milton.
135.Reading makes a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man-Francis Bacon.
136.Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thoughts-Shelly.
137.To be or not to be,that is the quation Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer.the slings and outrageous fortune;Or to take arms againsts a sea of troubles,And by opposing,end them.-William Shakespeare.
138.Know them thyself,presume not God to scan;The proper study of mankind is man-Pope.
139.Frailty,thy name is woman-William Shakespeare.
140.The great question …..which I have not been able to answer,despite my thirty years of research into the feminine soul is-what does a woman want?-Sigmund Freud.
141.More things are wrought by prayer than this world dreams of.The woods are lovely,dark and deep But I have promises to keep And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep-Robert Frost.
142.Dilli Chalo-Subhash Chandra Bose.
143.Jana Gana Mana Adhinayak Jai He.-Rabindernath Tagore.
144.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live up the true meaning of its creed….I have a dream hat my four little children will live in nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character-Marin Luther.
145.Truth and non-violence are my God-Mahatma Gandhi.
146.there is no God higher than truth-Mahatma Gandhi.
147.Let a hundred flowers bloom and let a thousand schools of thought contened-Mao Zelong.
148.Jai Jawan ,Jai Kisan-Lal Bhadur Shastri.
149.To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction-Isaac Newton.
150.Eureka Eureka-Archimedes.
151.Swarajya is my birthright-Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
152.Hey Ram-Mahatma Gandhi.
153.Theirs not to make reply,Theirs not to reasonb why,Theirs but to do or die-Tennyson.
154.Aram Haram Hai-Jawahar Lal Nehru.
155.Let us cross the river and rest in the shade-Stinewall Jackson.
156.Among freedom there can be no successful appeal from the ballot to the bullet-Abraham Lincon.
157.Just as I would not like to be a slave,so I would not like to be a master.-Abraham Lincon.
158.Every new opinion,as its starting,is precisely in a minority of one-Thomas Carlyl.
159.Where wealth accumulates,men decay-Oliver Goldsmith.
160.The reward of great men is that,long after they have died,one is not quite sure that they are dead-Jules Renard.
161.Nevertheless it moves-Galileo.
162.Power tends to corrupt,and absoulate power corrupts absoulately-Lod Acton.
163.Man is by nature a political animal-Aristotle.
164.I have nothing to offer but blood,toil,tears and sweast.-Winston Churchill.
165.Thank God,I have done my duty-Last words of Admiral Nelson.
166.To be thought rich is as good as to be rich-W.N.Thackeray.
167.A single step for a man-a giant leap for mankind-Neil Armstrong.
168.For fools rush is where angles fear to tread-Pope.
169.Necessity is the mother of invention-Unknown Latin Proverb.
170.The light has gone out….the light that shone in this country was no ordinary light…For that light represented living truth-Jawahar Lal Nehru.
171.Generations to come,it may be,will scare believe that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth-Albert Einstein.
172.Loyal and efficient work in a great cause,even thought it may not be immediately recognished,ultimately bears fruit-Jawarlal Nehru.
173….Seditious fakir striding half-nacked up the steps of the viceroy’s palace there to negotiate and parely on equal terms with the representative the King Emperor-Winston Churchill.
174.It is hard to fail but it is worse never to have tried to succeed-Theodore Roosevelt.
175.We have now to fight for peace with same courage and determination as we fought against aggression-Lal Bhadur Shastri.
176.Full many a gem of purest ray screne,The dark unfathomed caves of ocean bear-Thomas Gray.
177.Death is the end of life,ah why should life all labour be?-Alfred Lord Tennyson.
178.All is for the best in the best of possible words-Voltaire.
179.The youngman who has not wept is a savage,and the old man who will not laugh is a fool-Georage Santayane.
180.Good government is no substitute to self-government-Morley.
181Et’tu,Brute.-Shakespeare(Julics Caesar).
182.Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven-John Milton.
183.Sweet are the uses of adversity,Which like a toad,ugly and venomous,Wears yet a precious jewel in his hand-William Shakespeare.
184.Whom the gods love die young-Byron.
185.All the world’s stage.And all the men and women merely players-William Shakespeare.
186.Brevity is the soul of wit-William Shakespeare.
187.No evil can happen to a good man,either in life or death-Socrates.
188.The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved-Victor Huge.
189.Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains-Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
190.At the stoke of midnight hour when the world sleeps,India will wake to life and freedom-Jawaharlal Nehru.
191.How sharper than a serpent’s tooth it is To have a Thankless child-William Shakespeare.
192.We shall defend our island whatever the cost may be,we shall fight on the landing grounds,we shall fight in the fields and streets,we shall fight in the hills,we shall never surrender.-Winston Churchill.
GEOGRAPHY.
SUPERLATIVE INDIA.
1.Highest Airpot-Leh airpot ih ladakh(3256m/16080ft.high).
2.Largest Auditorium-Sri Shanmukhananda Hall,.Mumbai.
3.Largest Public Sector Bank-State Bank of India.
4.Largest Batanical Garden-National Botanical Garden in Kolkata.
5.Longest River Bridge-Mahatma Gandhi Setu over the Ganga at Patna(5,575m/18286ft.long).
6.Longest Sea Bridge-Anna Indira Gandhi Bridge connecting the island of Rameshwaran with Mandapam in Tamil Nadu(2.34km.Long).
7.Biggest Cantilever Bridge-Rabindra Setu(also called Howrah Bridge)Hoogi river in Kolkata(457m/1499ft.iong).
8.Longest Canal-Indira Gandhi Canal or Rajasthan Canal(959km.long).
9.Largest Cave-Amarnath(about 44 km from Pahalgam in Jammu and Kashmir).
10.Largest Cave Temple-Elora(Maharashtra).
11.Oldest Chruch-St.Thomas Church at Palayer in Trichur district in Kerala built in 52 AD.
12.Largest Church-St.Cathedral at old Goa,10km from Panaji.
13.Most Populous City-Mumbai.
14.Longest Corridor-Corridor in Ramanathaswamy Temple at Rameswaram,Tamil Nadu(1220m/4002ft.long).
15.Highest Dam-Bhakra Dam on Sutlej river in Punjab(226m/738ft.high and 518m/1699ft.long).
16.Longest Dam-Hirakund Dam on Mahanadi river in Orrisa(24.4km.long).
17.Largest Delta-Sunderbans(75,000sq.km.)formed by the Ganga and Brahmaputra in West Bengal and Bangladesh.
18.Largest Dome-Gol Gumbaj,Bijapur in Karnatka.
19.Highest Gateway-Buland Darwaja at Fatehpur Sikri near Agra.Built by Akbar(53.5m/175ft.long).
20.Longest Glacier-Siachen Glacier on the Indo-Pakistan border(75.6km.long and 2.8km wide).
21.Largest Gurudwara-Golden Temple at Amritsar.
22.Highest Hydel Power Station-Rongtong Hydel Project in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh.
23.Largest Lake-Wular Lake,Kashmir.
24.Largest Fresh Water Lake-Kolleru in Andhra Pradesh.
25.Largest Library-National Library,Kolkata.
26.Oldest Monastery-Buddhist Monastery,(situated at an altitude of 3,048m/10,000ft.)at Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh.
27.Largest Mosque-Jama Masjid,Delhi(built by Shah Jahan in 1644-58).
28.Highest Mountain Peak-Kanchenjunga.
29.Largest Museum-Indian Museum,Kolkata.
30.Largest Planetarium-Birla planetarium,Kolkata.
31.Largest Prison-Tihar Jail,Delhi.
32.Longest Railway Bridge-Dehri-on-Sone Railway bridge over the Sone river near Sasaram on Kolkata-Delhi main line.
33.Longest Passenger Train Route-Jammu Tawi-Kanyakumari(3730km.).
34Fastest Train-Shatabdi Express between New Delhiand Bhopal at a speed on 140kmph.
35.Longest Railway Platform-Kharagpur in West Bengal(833m/27333ft.)Also World’s longest.
36.Largest Refinery-IOC refinery at Koyah(Gujarat).
37.Largest Tribe- gond.
38.Largest Concentration of Seheduled Tribes-Madhya Pradesh.
39.Longest River-Ganga(2640km.long).
40.Longest Road-Grand Trunk road from Kolkata to Delhi.
41.Highest Road-Road at Khardungla in thr Leh-Manali Sector.
42.Largest State in Area-Rajasthan.
43.Smallest State in Area-Ooa.
44.Most Populaed State-Uttar Pradesh.
45.Least Populated State-Sikkim.
46.Most Densely Populated State-West Bengal.
47.Least Densely Populated State-Arunachal Pradesh.
48.Most Literate State-Kerala.
49.Most Women State-Kerala.
50.Tallest Statue-Statue of Jain Siant Gomateswara at Sravanabelagola in Karnataka.
51.Largest Stupa-Great Stupa of Sanchi,Madhya Pradesh.
52.Largest Tunnel-Jawahar Tunne,Banihal Pass(Jammu and Kashmir).
53.Largest Union Territory in Area-Andaman and Nicobar Island(8,249 sq.km.).
54.Smallest Union Territory in Area-Lakshadweep(60,595).
55.Most Literate Union Territory-Lakshadweep.
56.Highest Waterfall-Jog Waterfall,Karnataka.
57.Largest Zoo-Zoological Gardens,Kolkata.
RIVERSIDE CITIES-INDIA & WORLD.
1.Alexandria-Nile-Egypth. 2.Amsterdam-Amsel-Netherlands.
3.Antwerp-Scheldt- Belgium. 4.Agra-Yamuna-Uttar Pradesh.
5.Ahmedabad-Sabarmati-Gujrat. 6.Ayodha-Saryu-Uttar Pradesh.
7.Baghdad-Tigris-Iraq. 8.Berlin-Spree-Germany.
9.Bonn-Rhine-Germany. 10.Budapest-Danube-Hungary.
11.Badrinath-Ganges-Uttar Pradesh. 12.Cairo-Nile-Egypth.
13.Canton-Canton-China. 14.Cuttak-Mahanandi-Orrisa.
15.Delhi-Yamuna-Delhi. 16.Dibrugarh-Brahmaputra-Assam.
17.Ferozepur-Sutlej-Punjab. 18.Glasgow-Clyde-Scotland.
19.Guwahati-Brahmaputara-Assam. 20.Hamburg-Fibe-Germany.
21.Hardwar-Ganges-Uttar Pradesh. 22.Hyderabad-Musi-Andhra pradesh.
23.Jabalpur-Narmbada-Madhya Pradesh24.Karachi-Indus-Pakistan.
25.Kanpur-Ganges-Uttar Pradesh. 26.London-Thame-England.
27.Ludhiana-Sutlej-Punjab. 28.Montreal-Ottawa-Canada.
29.Moscow-Moskva-Russia. 30.New York-Hudson-USA.
31.Nasik-Godawari-Maharashtra. 32.Paris-Seine-France.
33.Pandharpur-Bhima-Maharashtra. 34.Patna-Ganges-Bihar.
35.Quabec-St Lawrehce-Canada. 36.Rangoon-Irawadi-Burma.
37.Rome-Tiber-Italy. 38.Sambalpur-Mahanadi-Orrisa.
39.Srinagar-Jhelum-Jammu and Kashmir.40.Surat-Tapti-Gujrat.
41.Tokyo-Sumida-Japan. 42.Tiruchirapalli-Cauveri-Tamil Nadu.
43.Vienna-Danube-Austria. 44.Varanasi-Ganges-Uttar Pradesh.
45.Vijayawada-Krishma-Andhra Pradesh.46.Warsaw-Vistula-Poland.
47.Washington-Potamac-USA.
FAMOUS SITES-WORLD.
1.Ai-Aqusa-Jerusalem. 2.Big Ben-London. 3.Brandenberg Gate-Berlin.
4.Brown House-Berlin. 5.Colossium-Rome. 6.Buckingham Palace-London.
7.Downing Street-London.8.Eiffel Tower-Paris. 9.Fleet Street-London.
10.Harley Street-London.11.Hyde Park-London.12.India House-London.
13.Kabba-Mecca. 14.Kremlin-Moscow. 15.Leaning Tower-Pisa(Italy).
16.Louvre-Paris. 17.Merdeka Palace-Jakarta.18.Oval-London.
19.Pentagon-Washigton. 20.Potala-Nanking. 21.Pyramid-Eygpt.
22.Red Square-Moscow. 22.Scotland yard-London.23.Shew-dragon Pagod-Rangoon.
24.Sphinx-Egypt. 25.Statue of Liberty-New York.26.Vatican-Rome.
27.Wailing Wall-Jerusalem.28.Wall Street-New York. 29.Westminster Abbey-London.
30.White Hall-London. 31.White House-Washigton.
IMPORTANT REVOLUTIONS.
1.Green Revolution-Food Production. 2.Blue Revolution-Fish Production.
3.Brown Revolution-Fertilizers Production 4.White Revolution-Milk Production.
5.Red Revolution-Meat/Tomato Production.6.Yellow Revolution-Pulse Production.
SOURCES OF REVENUE.
INDIRECT TAXES-Income tax,Corporate tax,Wealth tax,Estate tax,Gift tax,Expenditure tax,Interest tax.
DIRECT TAXES-Sale tax,Service tax,Exise tax,Custom tax,Value added tax(VAT),Important duties.
BANKING-The first Bank of limited liability managed by Indians was`Oudth Commercial Bank’founded in 1881.After it,Punjab National Bank was established in 1894.
*The Banking Regulation Act,1949 provided the legal framework for regulation of the banking system by Reserve Bank of India(RBI).The RBI was established in 1935.The Bank is the sale authority for issue of currency in India other than one rupee notes.
*The largest Bank-Imperial Bank of India-was nationalised in 1955 and rechirstened as State Bank Of India(SBI).
*The Government issued an ordinance on 19July,1969 acquiring ownership and control of 14 major bankes in the Country.Six more commercial banks were nationalished from 15 April,1980.
PLANNING IN INDIA.
PLANNING COMMISION-The Planning Commision was set up in 1950.It is an advisory body.The Prime Minister is its ex-offico Chairman.It makes plans for the Union as well as the states.The Planning Economy in India is based on the mixed economy system.
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL-The National Development(NDC)set up in 1952 has as members the Chief Ministers of all states as also members of the Planning Commision.It is presided over by the Prime Minister of India as Chairman.It helps in working out common policies in the important spheres of the country’s economy and thus ensures balanced economic development of the country as a whole.It helps in the mobilization of resources and efforts all over the country.The five year plans are finally approved by the National Development Council.
FIVE YEARS PLANS AT A GLACE.
1.First Plan-1951-52 to 1955-56. 2.Second Plan-1956-57 to 1960-61.
3.Third Plan-1961-62 to 1965-66. 4.Annual Plan-1966-67 to 1968-69.
5.Fourth Plan-1969-70 to 1973-74. 6.Fifth Plan-1974-75 to 1977-78.
7.Annual Plan-1978-79 to 1979-80. 8.Sixth Plan-1980-81 to 1984-85.
9.Seventh Plan-1985-86 to 1989-90. 10.Eighth Plan-1992-93 to 1996-97.
11.Ninth Plan-1997-2002. 12.Tenth Plan-2002 to 2007.
ECONOMY BYTES.
MIXED ECONOMY-China is the example of Socialist Economy while USA and UK are the examples of Liberal Economy.The term-mixed economy clearly supports the co-existence if both private as well as public sector in the Indian economy.But Indian Economy is gradullyb leading towards the`Liberal Economy’as the result of `New Liberal Policy’ adopted by the government of India since 1991.
VALUE ADDED TAX(VAT)-A tax on the differente between the inputs,and outputs of a process.The tax is levied at each stage in the chain from the raw material,through to the customer who buys the finished product.Every time the items change hands,tax is paid by buyer of items.
SOME SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CENSUS-2001
MIXED ECONOMY-China is the example of Socialist Economy while USA and UK are the examples of Liberal Economy. The term-mixed economy clearly supports the co-
existence if both private as well as public sector in the Indian economy. But Indian Economy is gradually leading towards the Liberal Economy’s the result of `New Liberal Policy’ adopted by the government of India since 1991.
VALUE ADDED TAX(VAT)-A tax on the difference between the inputs, and outputs of a process. The tax is levied at each stage in the chain from the raw material, through to the customer who buys the finished product. Every time the items change hands, tax is paid by buyer of items.
SOME SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CENSUS-2001.
Total Population-1027 million[on Ist March,2001].
Men-531.3 million. Women-495.7 Dentisty-324 persons per sq.km.
Sex Ratio-933(Woman per 1000 men) Highest Sex Ratio-Kerala(1058).
Lowest Sex Ratio-Haryana(861). The most densely populated state-West Bengal(904)
The most populated state-Uttar Pradesh. Decadal growth-21.3%.
Urban population-27.78% Rural population-72.22% LiteracyRate-65.38%
Male Literacy rate75.85% Female Literacy Rate-54.16%
State with highest Literacy-Kerala(90.92%) (followed by Mizoram).
State with lowest Literacy-Bihar(47.53%).
WORLD MARKETS.
1.Bombay Stock Exchange-Sen sex. 2.National Stock Exchange-CNX Nity.
3.New York Stock Exchange-Dow Jones.4.Germany Stock Exchange-Xetra Dax.
5.Singapore Stock Exchange-S.T.Index. 6.France Stock Exchange-CaC 40.
7.Japan Stock Exchange-Nikkel. 8.London Stock Exchange-FSTE.
9.Korea Stock Exchange-Kaspi. 10.Hongkont Stock Exchange-Hong Seng.
AFFECTING DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY.
1.AIDS-Immune System. 2.Arthirits-Joints. 3.Cataract-Eyes 4.Conjunctivitis-Eyes.
5.Dermatitis-Skin. 6.Eczema-Skin. 7.Glaucoma-Eyes. 8.Hepatitis-Liver.
9.Pyorrhoea-Teeth. 10.Pleuisy-Lungs. 11.Rheumatism-Joihts. 12.Tuberculosis-Lungs.
13.Filariasis-Feet. 14.Scurvy-Skin and Blood.15.Cyastritis-Stomach.16.Rabis- Brain.
17.Appendicitus-Appendix. 18.Rickets-Joints of children’s Bones. 19.Tracoma-Eyes.
20.Cholera-Stomach 21 .Pneumonia-Lungs. 22.Malaria-Liver and RBCs 23.Jaundice-Liver. 24.Goitre-Thyroid,Joints 25.Asthma-Respiratory Tract.
26.Diabetes-Pancreas,blood. 27.Polio-Nervous System, legs. 28.Thypoid-Intenstihe.
29.Mums-Slivary Glands. 30.Diphtheria-Thorat.31.Jaundice-Liver.
32.Atherosclerosis-Heart and Blood vascular system.
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS.
1.TLC-Blood Test Total Leucocytes Count .
2.DLC-Blood Test Differential Leucocytes Count.
3.HIV-AIDS Test. 4.SGPT_Liver test.
5.M.P.-Malaria Test. 6.SGOT_Liver Test.
7.E.S.R.-Test for T.B. 8.V.D.R.L.-For Sexual Transmitted Diseases.
9.Mantoux Test-Test for T.B. 10.Sercum Creatinine-Kidney functioning Test.
11.Serum Billirubin-Jaundice Test. 12.Widal Test-Typhoid.
13.Uric Acid-Arthritis . 14.RA-Rheumatic Pains.
HUMAN BODY AT A GLACE OF HUMAN BEINGS WEIGHING 70 KG.
1.Body weight-70kg. 2.Jack of all trades-Skin.
3.Thinnest skin-Conjuctiva.(eye) 4.Total no. of bones-206.
5.Smallest bone-Stapes. 6.Longest bone-Femur.
7.Total Verebrae-33. 8.Total no of muscles-639.
9.Smallest muscle-Stapedius(eaer). 10.Longest muscle-Buttok Muscle,Sartorius.
11.Largest gland-Liver. 12.Longest nerve-Sciatic.
13.Largest vein-Inefrior Vena Cava. 14.Largest Artery-Abdominalaorta.
15.Weight of Brain-1300gm. 16.Hardest part-Tooth enamel.
17.Common blood groups-A,B,AB,O. 18.Total amount of blood in body-5.5 rs.perature
19.Longest cell of body-Nerve cell. 20.Largest slivary gland-Parotid gland.
21.Largest endicrine gland-Thyroid. 22.Normal body temprature-98.6 F(37 C)
NATURAL ACIDS.
1.Acetic acid-Vinegar. 2.Amino acid-Protiens. 3.Ascorbic acid-VitaminC.
4.Citric acid-Lemon/citrus fruit. 5.Hydrocloric acid-Digestive juices. 6.Lactic acid-Milk.
7.Malic acid-Unripe apples/fruits.8.Tannic acid-Tea. 9.Uric acid-Urine.
THE VITAMINS
1.Vitamin A-Night blindness,xerophthalmia,reatarded growth-Animals oils such as liver oil of certain fish,egg yolk and yellow and green vegetables.
2.Vitamin Bi(Thimine) –Beriberi,retarded growth.-Outer seed coats of cereal grains,yeats,meat.
3.VitaminB2(Riboflavin)-Cataract,defective skin patches around mouth and ear.-/////////d with B and other members of vitamin B-Complex.
4.Vitamin B6(Phyridoxine)-Mild anemia,growth of lympth tissues,low count to leucocytes and antibodies,low resistance ti infections-Meat,eggs,nuts and cereals.
5.Vitamin B(Niacin)-Pellagra-All food rich in any of the vitamins in the B-Complex.
6Vitamin B12(Cobalamin)-Perinicious anaemia.
7.Vitamin C(Ascorbic acid)-Scurcy,retarded growth-Lemon,orange and vegetables.
8.Vitamin D(Calcifirol)-Rickets(children),Osteomalacia(adults)-Animal oil,butter milk and fish liver,solar ultraviolet raya.
9.Vitamin E(Tocopherol)-Sterility,muscular paralysis-Vegetables and animal oil,soyabins.
10.Vitamin K(Phylloquinone)-Improper coagulation of blood,improper growth-Leafy vegetables,oats.
TROPHIES ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS.
1.Agha Khan Cup Hockey. 2.Dhyan Chand Trophy. Hockey.
3.Nehru Trophy. Hockey. 4.Scinda Gold Trophy. Hockey.
5.MCC Trophy. Hockey. 6.Bombay Gold Cup. Hockey.
7.Ranga Swami Cup. Hockey. 8.Gurmit Trophy. Hockey.
9.M R.S..Gold Cup Hockey 10.Santosh Trophy. Football.
11.Rovers Cup Football 12 D.C.M Trophy. Football
13Nizam Gold Cup. Football. 14.Vittal Trophy. Football.
15.G.V.R.M.Trophy. Football. 16.Durand Cup Football.
17.Ranjit Trophy. Cricket. 18.Sheesh Mahal Trophy. Cricket.
19.Daleep Trophy. Cricket. 20.Irani Cup. Cricket.
21.Rohiton Trophy. Cricket. 22.Jayalakshmi Cup. Tennis(W)
23.Barna Bellack Cup Tennis(M) 24.Rajkumari Challenge Cup. Tennis(G)
25.Ramanujan Trophy. Tennis(B) 26.Burdwan Trophy. Weightlifting.
27.Prithi Singh Cup. Polo. 28.Radha Mohan Cup. Polo.
29.Wellington Trophy. Rowing. 30.Maulana Azad Trophy. Inter.Uni.Sports and Athletics.
NATIONAL GAMES OF FAMOUS COUNTRIES.
1.INDIA Hockey 2.ENGLAND Cricket
3.AUSTRALIA Cricket 4.AMERCIA-U.S.A. Base Ball.
5.SPAIN. Bull Fighting. 6.CANADA. Ice Hockey.
7.SCOTLAND. Rugby Football. 8.JAPAN. Judo.
9.PAKISTAN. Hockey. 10.MALAYSIA. Badminton.
11.U.S.S.R. Chess. 12.BRAZIL. Football.
13.CHINA. Table Tennis.
TROPHIES ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS IINTERNATIONAL(WORLD)
1.World Cup. Hockey. 2.World Cup. Cricket.
3.World Cup Football. 4.Mardeka Cup. Football.
5.Colomboo Cup Football. 6.Jules Remit Cup. World Soccer Cup.
7.Davis Cup. Lawn Tennis. 8.Wimbledom Trophy. Lawn Tennis.
9.Swaythling Cup Table Tennis(M). 10.Corbillian Cup. Table Tennis.(W)
11.Thomas Cup. Badminton. 12.Uber Cup. Badminton(W)
13.Colombo Cup. Golf(World) 14.Walker Cup. Golf(England)
15.Ryder Cup. Golf(England) 16.Prince Of Wales Cup. Golf(England)
17.Westchester Cup. Polo(England) 18.Derby Horse Race(England)
19.Grand National Horse Race(England) 20.Amercian Cup. Yact Racing.
POPULAR NAMES.
1.Sourav Ganguli. Prince Of Calcutta,Tiger Of Bengal.
2.Tendulkar. Cricket Idol,Master Blaster.
3.Kapil Dev. Haryana Ka Tufan.
4.M.A.K.Pataudi Cricket Tiger.
5.Sunil Gavaskar. Little Master.
6.Kartar Singh(Wrestler) Punjab Kesri.
7.Milkha Singh. Flying Sikh.
8.P.T.Usha. Track Queen,Golden Girl.
9.Dhyan Chand. Hockey Wizard.
SPORTS STADIUM IN INDIA.
1.Wankhede Stadium Mumbai. 2.NetaJi indoor Stadium. Kolkata.
3.Nnehru Stadium. Chennai. 4.National Stadium. Mumbai.
5.Barbourne Stadium Mumbai. 6.Keenan Stadium Jamshedpur
7.Yadavindra Stadium Patiala. 8.Barabati Stadium Cuttak(Orissa)
9.Eden Gardens Kolkata. 10.Green Park Kanpur.
11.Shivaji Stadiuw New Delhi. 12.Salt Lake Stadium Kolkata.
13.Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium New Delhi. 14.J.L. Nehru Stadium New Delhi
PLACES ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS.
1.Aintree Grand National Horse Race(England) 2.Bisley(Eng) Shooting.
3.Blackheath Rugby Football(England) 4.Brookland(Eng) Football.
5.Barboume Stadium(Mumbai)- Cricket. 6.Chepauk Ground Cricket(Chennai)
7.Corporation Stadium(Kolkata) - Football. 8.Epsom(England) Horse Racing.
9.Donchester -St.Ledger Horse Race(England) 10.Eden Garden Cricket(Kolkatta)
11.Feroze Shah Kotla Cricket(Delhi) 12.Forest Hills(New York)- Tennis.
13.Flushihg Meadows -Lawn Tennis(USA) 14. Henley(U.K) -Derby Horse Race(Eng)
15.Hurlingham -Polo(Eng) 16.Lord’s(Eng) Cricket.
17.Oval(England) Cricket 18.Putney Cricket(Eng)
19.Rolland Garros --Lawn Tennis(France)20.Twickenham(U.K.) Rugby Football
21.Wimbledon (Eng) Lawn Tennis(Eng) 21.Wembley Stadium(Eng)- Lawn Tennis
22.Yankee Stadium(New York)- Boxing.
NUMBER OF PLAYERS ON EACH SIDE IN IMPORTANT GAMES.
1.Baseball - 2 2.Basker ball – 5 3.Net Ball - 7.
4.Cricket - 11. 5.Hockey - 11 6.Associatiobn Football - 11
7.Water Polo - 7. 8.Rughy Football - 15. 9.Lacrosse - 12.
10.Croquet - 13 or 15. 11.Polo - 4. 12.Badminton,Tennis–1 or 2.
13.Volley Ball – 6. 14.Table Tennis – 1 or 2.
SOME TYPICAL SPORTS TERMS.
1.Ashes(Cricket) 2.Checkmate(Chess) 3.Cue(Billiards)
4.Deuce(Tennis) 5.Dribble(Football; Hockey) 6.Duck(Cricket)
7.Grand Slam(Bridge, Tennis) 8.Hat Trick(Cricket,Football,Hockey) 9.Sticks(Hockey)
10.Maiden Over(Cricket) 11.Pot,Gigger,Break,Scratch,Cannons,In Baulk(Billiards)
12.Drop,Let,Smash(Badminton)13.Check,Stalemate,Gambit(Chess) 14.Cox(Boating)
15.Jockey,Punter(Horse Racing)16.Chucker,Bunder,Mallet(Polo) 17.Heave(Wrestling)
18.Huff(Draughts) 19.Bogy,Tee,Stymie,Put,Caddie,Hole,Lings(golf)
20.Offside,Dribble,Corner-kick,Penalty-kick,Throw-in,Free-kick,Handball,Hat-trick(Football) 21.Volley,Service,Love,Booster,Smasher(Volleyball)
22.Bully,Sticks,Off-side,Roll-in,Penalty,Sticking,Circle.Scoop,Under-utting,Carry,Short-corner,Hat-trick(Hockey) 23.Backhand Drive,Volley,Smash,Deuce,Service,Half Volley,Net,Fault,Let,Game Set,Ace,Service Game, Service Break(Tennis)
24.Put Out,Pitcher,Strike,Diamond,Bunting,Home(Baseball) 25.Dribble,Carrying,Shifting,Zone(Basketball) 26.Jab,Hook,Upper Cut,Punch,Knockout(Boxing) 27.Vulnerable,Revoke,Ruff,Slam,Little Slam,Grand Slam,Dummy,Trump,Tricks(Bridge) 28.LBW,Maiden-over,Googly,Silly-Point,Gully,Pitch,Third-Umpire,China-Man,Close-in,Boundary,Sixer(Cricket)
THE OLYMPIC GAMES.
The games were first held in 776 BC by the Greeks in honour of God Zenus at Olymus Mount in Greece,hence the name,and they continued till 394 A.D.The games were revived by the French Baron,Pierre de Coubertin in 1894;the modern series started in 1896 at Athens.XXVIII-2004-Athens(Greece);XXIX-2008-China(Scheduled).
ASIAN GAMES
1st in 1951-New Delhi, XV-2006-Doha(Qatar),XVI-2010-Beijing(China)
SPORTS AWARDS
1.Dronacharya Award-1985-Coaches-3 Lakh.2.Arjuna award-1961-Sports Person-3 Lakh
3.Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award-1991,1992-Sports Person 5 Lakh, 4. Abdul Kalam Azad Trophy-1956-Universties-2 Lakh-GNDU(19th Time in 2003-2004) 5.Dhyan Chand Award for life time achivment-Sports Person-2002-3Lak.
SPORTSPERSONS WHO’S WHO
1.Weightlifting-Bharti Singh,Karnam Malleswari,N.Kuhjarani Devi,Gita Rani.
2.Tennis-Anand Amritraj,Leander Paes,Mahesh Bhupathi,Vijay Amritraj,Jaidep Mukherji,Sania Mirja. 3.Swimming-Arati Saha,Nisha Mittalet 4.Football-Baichang Bhutia,I.M.Vijayan. 5.Athletics-Jyotirmoyee Sikdar,Kamaljit Sandhu,M.D.Valsama,P.T.Usha,Rosa Kutty,Sunita rani,Anju Bobby George,K.M.Beenamol 6.Badminton-Aparna ghosh,Parminder Singh 7.Billiards-Ashok Shandilya,Geet Sethi,Wilson Jones,Yasin Merchant, Pankaj Advani,Alok Kumar. 8.Shootihg-Saroj Kumari,Gangan Narng,Avneet Kaur,Abhinav Bindra,Samresh Jung,Anuja Jung,Major Rathore,Jaspal Rana,Vivek Singh,Ronak,Anjali Bhagwat,Anwar Sultan. 9.Boxing-Akhil Kumar,Gurcharan Singh,Dingko Singh,Hawa Singh,Md.Ali Qamar 10.Chess-Anupama Gokhale,Dibyendu Baura,Nisha. Mohota,S.Vijayalakshmi ,Vishwanathan Anand,K.Sasi Kiran. 11.Golf-Chiranjeev Milkha Singh,Irina Brar,Jyoti Rahdhawa,Shiv Kapoor. 12.Hockey-Ajit Pal Singh,Baljit Saini,Baljeet Singh Dhillon,Dhan Raj Pillay,Jude felix,Pargat Singh,Ramandeep Singh,Jagraj Singh,Gagan Ajit Singh 13.Wrestling-Palwinder Chimma,Surjit Mann, 14.Kabaddi-Ram Mehar Singh,E.Prasad Rao. 15.Paddling-Sukhajit Singh,Achanta Kamal,Soumyadeep Roy.16.Table Tennis-Sharath Achanta.
PLAY GROUNDS
1.Court(Badminton,Lawn Tennis 2.Ring(Boxihg.Ice-hockey.Wrestlihg)
3.Diamond(Base ball) 4.Pitch(Cricket) 5.Arena(Wrestling) 6.Green(Golf)
7.Link(Golf) 8.Rink(Skating)
SPORTS MEASURMENTS.
1.Badminton;44 ft. by 20 ft.(Doubles);44 ft,by 17 ft.(Singles)
2.Billiards;10 ft.iong,5 ft. side and 3 ft high.
3.Basketball;85 ft. by 46 ft.(Maximum Dimensions).
4.Cricket;Ground:Round or oval shaped;Wickets:22 yds.apart;Ball;8-13/14 to 9 inches in circumference and 5-3/4 oz. In weight;Bat:4-1/4 tinches maximum width and 38 inches maximum length;Bowling crease :8 inches in length;Popping crease:4 ft. from the wicket and deemed unlimited in length;strumps;27 inches out of the ground.
5.Golf:Hole;4-1/2 inches;Ball:1-1/2 oz. In weight.
6.Polo;Ground:300 yds. By 200 yds. 7.Marathon Race;26 Miles, 385 yds.
8.Table Tennis:9 ft. 6 ft, 2-1/2 ft. 9.Volley ball Court:Rectangular 30ft.by 30ft.
10.Tennis Court:78ft.by 28ft,(sin,)78ft,by,38ft.(Dou) 11.Water Polo;30yds. 20yds.
SYMBOLS OF HERITAGE.
1.Ajanta Caves-Aurangabad(Maharastra) 2.Amar Nath Cave-Jammu and Kashmir.
3.Buland Darwaza-Fatehpur Sikri(Uttar Pardesh)4.Bahai House Of Worship-Delhi
5.Charminar-Hydrabad. 6.India Gate-Delhi. 7Dilwara Temples,MountAbu-Rajasthan
8.Gandhi Sadan-New Delhi. 9.Gate Way Of India-Mumbai. 10.Jantar Mantar-Delhi.
11.Gol Gumbaj-Bija Pur(Karnataka) 12.Hawa Mehal(Place Of Wind)-Jaipur.
13.Gomateshwara-Karnataka. 14.Golden Temple-Amritsar. 15.Jagannath Temple-Puri.
16.JamaMasjid-Delhi.17.Khajuraho Temples-Madhya Pardesh. 18.Red Fort-Delhi.
19.Lingaraja Temple-Bhubneshwar(Orrisa) 20.Mahabodh Temple-Bodhgaya(Bihar)
21.Minakshi Sundareshwar Temple-Madhurai(Tamil Nadu) 22.Quatab Minar-Delhi.
23.Salim Chisti Tomb-Fatehpur Sikri. 24.Sanchi Stupa-Sanchi(Madhya Pardesh)
25.Surya Temple-Konak(Orrisa) 26.Somnath Temple-Gujrat. 27.Taj Mahal-Agra.
28.Victoria Memorial(Kolkata).29.Rashtarpati Bhawan-New Delhi.30.Vrindaban Garden-Mysore.31.Pinjore Garden-.Pinjore Haryana.32.Shalimar Garden-Shri Nagar.33.Mogal Garden-.Rashtarpati Bhawan.34.Mahabalipuram Temple-Tamil Nadu
35.Raghunath Temple-Jammu.36.Moti Masjid-Agra.37.Ellora Caves –Aurangabad.(Maharashtra).38.Elephant Caves-Mumbai.39.Kotla Nihang Khan-Near Ropar(Punjab).40.Lothal-Gujrat.
A MUSICAL WHO’S WHO.
1.Tabla Players-Samta Prasad,Alla Rakha Khan,Zakir Husan.
2.Sarod-Ali Akbar Khan,Zarin Daruwala,Saran Rani Bhakiwal,Amjad Ali Khan.
3.Sarangi-Ram Narayan. 4.SurBahar-Imanat Khan 5.Violin-V.C.Jog.
4.Sitar-RaviShankar,Late.Vilayat Khan,Nikhil Bannerji,AbdulHalem Zafar,Zubin Mehta.
5.Flute-Hari Prasad Chaursia. 6.Oddisi-Sanyukta Panigrahi,Kelucharn Mohapatra,Kiran Sehgal. 7.Bharatnaytam-Sonal Mansingh,Yamini Krishnamurti,Rukmini Devi.
9.Vocalists-Kumar Gandharva(Hindustani),Amir Khan,Bhim Sen Joshi,Mehndi Hasan(Ghazal),Jas Raj,Singh Bandhoo,D.A.Paluskar,Begum Akhtar(Ghazal),Naina Devi,Parveen Sultana,Neena Mehta,M.S.Subbulakshmi(Carnatic),Rajindra Mehta,Jagjit Singh,Chitra Singh, Parveen Sultana,Malikarjun Mansur(Hindustani),Kishori Amonkar.
10.Kathak Dancers-Birju Maharaj,Uma Sharma,Lachchu Maharaj,Roshan Kumari,Durga Lal,Sitara Devi,Gopi Krishna. 11.Kathakali-Uday Shankar,Kanju Kurup.
12.Kuchipudi-Swapnasundri,Sudha Shekar,Raja and Radha Reddy.
13.Manipuri-Charu Mathur,Sadhana Bose,Guru Bipin Singh.
FIRST IN THE WORLD AND INDIA.
1.First President of The U.S.A(Amercia)-George Washington(1789-1797).
2.First President of The U.S.S.R(Russia)-Lenin.
3.First Prime Minister of The U.K(Great Britan)-Robert Walpole.
4.First Prime Minister of Pakistan-Liaquat Ali Khan.
5.First Governor General of Pakistan-Mohammed Ali Jinnah(1947).
6.First President of Chinna-Sun Yat-Sen(1921-1925).
7.First Pope of visit India-Pope Paul VI(1964).
8.First Secretary General of The United States-Trygve Lie(Norway 1946-1953).
9.First Indian to speak in Hindi at the United Nations-A.B.Vajpayee.
10.First woman President of the U.N.General Assembly-Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit.
11.First woman Prime minister of a country-Mrs.Bandaranaika(Sri Lanka1960).
12.First man to cross the Sahara Desert-Dixonham and Hugh(England).
13.First man to set foot on the moon-Neil Armstrong(U.S.A.1969).
14.First man to climb up the Mount Everest twice-Nawang Gombu(India).
15.First Chinese Pilgrim to visit India-Fahien(401-410).
16.First Englishman to receive the Noble Prize in literature-Rudyard Kipling(1907).
17.First European invader of India-Alexandar(Greek,326B.C.).
18.First Asian to get the Nobel Prize in literature-R.N.Tarore(1913).
19.First man to climb Mount Everest-Tenzing(India) and Hillary(New Zealand)1953.
20.First Asian woman to cross the English Channel-Aarti Saha(India)1959.
21.First person to receive Rajiv Gandhi Sadbhavana Award-Mother Teresa.
22.First Indian woman Astronaut to enter space in Nov.1998-Kalpana Chawla.
23.India’s First War Museme is situated at-Bhatian(Ludhiana-Punjab).
24.The first lady Chief Minister of Punjab-Rajinder Kaur Bhattal.
25.The first lady Chief Minister of Bihar-Rabri Devi.
26.The first scientist of the world to clone an animal-Inawilmut(Scoottish-1997).
27.First Indian to enter the Indian Civil Service-S.N.Banerjee.
28.The first Indian state to impliment the Panchayati Raj System-Rajsthan.
29.The first Indian scienst to receive the Noble Prize-C.V.Raman(Physics).
30.First human statue worshipped in India was that of-Mahatma Budha.
31.First Modern Olympic Games-1896.
32.The first bank of India was-Bank of Hindustan(1770). 33.India’s First Magsaysay Award winner was-Vinoba Bhave.
34.India’s first test tube baby was-Indira(Baby Harsha).
35.First General Post Office of India was-Madras G.P.O.(1786).
36.India’s first plane to be hijacked was-Fokker Friehdship Plane(1971).
37.India’s Hill Station at the highest altitude-Gulmarg J&K(8550 ft).
38. India’s first woman cosmonaut-Kalpana Chawla of Hariyana.
39.First actress of the talkies(Alam Ara)-Zubeida(1931).
40.First Chief Justice of India-Hira Lal Kania(1950-51).
41.First telepnone line introduced in India-1851.
42.First Chairman of Prasar Bharti-Nikhil Chakravarty.
43.First Sikh University was set up in –London(1998).
44.First Indian to get Noble Prize in Economics-Prof.Amartya sen 1998)
45.First amendment in the Indian Constitution-1950.
46.India’s first fighter jet-NET.
47.First Prime Minister of India-Jawahar Lal Nehru.
48.First Deputy Prime Minister of India-Sr.Patel.
49.First President of India-Dr.Rajendra Prasad.
50.First Vice-President of India-Dr.S.Radhakrishan.
51.First Muslim President of India-Dr.Zakir Hussan.
52.First Sikh Presideht of India-Gaini Zail Singh.
53.First Dalit President of India-K.R.Narayanan.
54.First Woman Prime Minister of India-Mrs.Indira Gandhi.
55.First Prime Minister to resign from post-Morarji Desai.
56.First woman Prime Chief Minister of an Indin State-Mrs.S.K.Kriplani.
57.First Woman Governer of an Indian State-Sarojni Naidu.
58.First woman judge of Supreme Court-Fatima Biwi.
59.First woman chief justice of High court-Leela Seth.
60.First woman President of Indian National Congress-Annie Beasant(1917).
61.First woman I.P.S Officer-Mrs.Kiran Bedi
62.First Indian Miss Universe-Sushmita Sen.
63.First Indian Miss World-Reita Faria(1996)
64.First Indian woman to climb Mount Everest-Bechhendri Pal.
65.First Indian woman to swim across the English Channel-Mihir Sen.
66.First Indian woman to swim across the Palk Straits-Mihir Sen.
67.First Indian Cosmonaut-Rakesh Sharma.
68.First Indian Field Marshal- Manekshaw.
69.First Noble Prize Winner-R.N.Tagore.
70.First Mughal Emperor of India-Babar.
71.First Viceroy of India-Lord Canning.
72.First President of the Indian National Congress-W.C.Banerjee.
73.First Governor General of Indian Union-C.Rajagopalachari.
74.First Governor General of Free India-Lord Mountbatten.
75.First Talkie Film of India-Alam Ara(1931).
76.First Battle Tank Of India-Arjuna.
77.First Satellite of India-Aryabhatta.
78.First Asian Games were held in-India(1951).
79.First Indian lady to win Nobel Peace prize-Mother Teresa.
80.First Indian lady to rule over Delhi-Razia Sultana(1236-1240).
81.First actress to win Padam Shri Award-Nargis Dutt in 1958.
82.First Bharat Ratna Award Winner-C.Rajagopalchari(1954).
83.First Chairman of the Rajya Sabha-S.V.Krishna Moorthy
84.First Chief Election Commishner of India-Sukumar Sen(1950-1958).
85.First Commandar-in-Chief of the Indian Army-K.M.Cariappa(1945-1953).
86.First Home Minister of India-Sardar Patel.
87.First man to climb Mount Everest without Oxygen-Phu Dorjee(1984).
88.First Indian member of British Parliyament-Dadabhai Naoroji.
89.First woman Missionary of India-Sanghamitra Ashoka’s daughter.
90.First woman to get Sathitya Academi Award-Amrita Pritam(1956).
91.First Speaker of the Indian Lok Sabha-Ganesh Vasudeo(1952-1957).
92.First Slave ruler of India-Quatab-ud-din Aibak.
IMPORTANT MONUMENTS OF INDIA.
1.Rajghat(Samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi)-New Delhi.
2.Shakti Sthal(Samadhi of Indira Gandhi)-New Delhi.
3.Shantivan(Samadhi of Pt.J.L.Nehru)-New Delhi.
4.Vijay Ghat(Samadhi of Lal Bahadur)-New Delhi.
5.Gandhi Sadan(Where Gandhiji was assassinated in 1948)-New Delhi.
6.Kranti Maidan(Historic venue where Gandhi gave ‘quit India’call 1942)-Mumbai.
7.Tomb of Akbar-Sikandrabad(U.P.)
8.Tomb of Sher Shah Suri-Sasaram(Bihar).
INDIA’S MISSILE PROGRAMS.
1.Agni-Surface to surface ballistic missible with the range 1200-2000 KM.
2.Prithvi-Surface to surface battle field missible with range 150 to 250 KM.
3.Trishul-Surface to surface missible with range 500 meter to 9KM only.
4.Nag-Anti tank guided missible with the range 4km developed on the concept.
5.Akash-Medium range (25km) Surface to air missible.
SOME IMPORTANT POLICITAL PARTIES OF INDIA.
NAME OF PARTY SYMBOL PRESIDENT/GEN.SECY.
1.Indian National Congress -Hand -Sonia Gandhi.
2.Bhartiya Janta Party -Lotus -Rajnath Singh.
3.Communist Party of India(CP) -Earls of Corn and Sickle –A.B.Vardhan.
4.Communist Party of India(CPIM)-(Star,Sickle and Hamma)-Parkash Karat(Gen.Secy).
5.Janata Dal -Wheel -Shard Yadav.
6.Rashtriya Janta Dal(RJD) -Lalten -Laloo Yadav.
7.Samajwadi Party(UP) -Cycle -Mulayam Singh Yadav.
8.Akali Dal(Punjab) -Balance -Parkash Singh Badal.
9 Telgu Desham(Andhra Pardesh) -Cycle -Chandra Babu Naidu.
10.Lok Jan Shakti Party(Bihar) -Hut -Ram Vilas Paswan.
11.Shiv Sena(Maharashtra) -Bow and Assoni -Udhav Thakeray.
12.Bahajun Smaj Party(BSP) -Elephant -Mayavati.
IMPORTANT NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL DAYS.
1.12th Jan.-National Youth Day. 2.21st jan.-Army Day.
3.26th Jan.-World’s Customs Day. 4.30th Jan.-Martys Day.
5.28th Feb.-National Science Day. 6.2nd March.-World Day for Water.
7.4th March.-National Safety Day. 8.8th March.-Women Day.
9.15th Mar.-Disabled Day. 10.21st Mar.-World Forestry Day.
11.7th Apr.-World Health Day. 12.13th Apr.Jalllianwala Day.
13.18th Apr.-World Heritage day. 14.23rd Apr.-World Book Day.
15.24th Apr.-Manav Ekta Divas. 16.1st May.-Lobour Day.
17.3rd May.-World Press Freedom Day. 18.8th May.-Red Cross Day.
19.11th May.-Technology Day. 20.21st May.-Anti-terrorism Day.
21.24th May.-Commonwealth Day. 22.31st may.-No Tobacoo Day.
23.5th June.-Environment Day. 24.27th June.-World Diabetes Day.
25.11th July.-Population Day. 26.9th Aug.-Quit India Day.
27.15th Aug.-Independence Day. 28.20th Aug.-Sadbnavana Day.
29.29th Aug.-Sports Day. 30.5th Sep.-Teachers Day.
31.8th Sep.-Literacy Day. 32.16th Sep.-World Ozone Day.
33.27th Sep.-World Tourism Day. 34.2nd Oct.-Gandhi Jayanti.
35.2nd Oct.-World Vegetarian Day. 36.2nd Oct.-World Animal Day.
37.5th Oct.-World Habitat Day. 38.8th Oct.-Air Force Day.
39.24th Oct.-U.N.O.Day. 39.31st Oct.-National Intergration Day.
40.14th Nov.-Children Day. 41.1st Dec.-AIDS Day.
42.3rd Dec.-World Handicapped Day. 43.4th Dec.-Navy Day.
44.7th Dec.-Flag Day. 44.10th Dec.-Human Rights Day.
ART AND CULUTURE.
1.Lotus-Civitsation and Culture 2.Red Cross-Medical Service/Hospital.
3.Red Triangle-Family Planning. 4.Maharaja-Air India.
5.White Flag-Truce. 6.Red Flag-Danger/Revolution.
7.Oline Branch-Peace. 8.Red Light-Traffic Signal of ‘STOP’.
9.Green Light-Traffic Sign of ‘GO’. 10.Black Armband-Sign of Mouring in protest
11.Dove-Peace. 12.Balance Scale-Justice.
13.Black Flag-Protest. 14.Flag at half mast-National Mouring.
15.Ujjain(Madhya Pardesh)-Kumb Mela. 16.Varanasi(Uttar Pardesh)-Silk Saries,Benaras
IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL AWARDS.
1.Noble Prize-1901-Estlablished in 1967 and named after Alfred Bernhard Nobel,a chemical engineer.Awarded annually on December 10 for outstanding work in the fields of 1.Physics2.Chemistry3.Phycology and Medicine4.Literature,5.Peace,and 6.Economics.
2.Pulitzer Prize-1970-Named after the US publisher Joseph Pulitzer,Conferred annually in the USA for outstanding work in Journalism,Literature and Music.
3.Magsaysay Award-1957-Named after Ramon Magsaysay,President of the Philippines.Conferred annually on August 31,for outstanding contributions in public Service,Community Leadership,Journalism,Literature and Creative Arts,and International Understanding.
4.Templeton-1972-Named after John,M Templeton,a presbyteriah of Nassau,Bahamas,Conferred for progeress in religion.
5.Jawahar Lal Nehru Award-1965-Conffered by the Government of India for outstanding for International Understanding contributions in the promotion of international understanding,goodwill and friendship.
6.Right Livelihood Award-1980-Insituted by Jakob Voh Vexkull,a Swedish-German writer,itr is also called the ‘Alternative Nobel Prize’. Conferred annuly for practical and exemplary solutions to real problems of today.
7.Booker Prize-1968-It is a prestigious literacy award conferred annually by the Booker Company and the British Publishers Associtation.
8.Oscar-1929-Conferred annually by the Academy of Motion Pictures,Arts and Sciences.
9.Jesse Owens Global Award-1992-To honour individuals with a sports background who have made significant and lasting contribution to society.
10.Kalinga Award-1952-Set up at the initiative of Mr Biju Pathak,the founder of Kalinga Foundation Trust in Orissa.It is conterred annually by the Washigton based selection committee.
11.World Food Size-1979-The award was conceived by Dr.Norman Borlaug and financed by the Kraft General Foods. It+ is conferred annually by the Washigton based selection committee.
12.Mahatma Gandhi Peace-Instituted by the Government of India to mark the 125th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. It is worth US Dollar 10,000.
13.UN Human Rights Award-1966-The award is given every five years for individual contributions to the establishment of human rights.
MAIN DANCES OF INDIA.
1.Bharatanatyam-It,s a solo dance, originated in the temple of South Africa.
2.Kathakali-This dance is from Kerala and has origin in the courts of the kings of Kerala.
3.Mohiniattam-This dance is alsi from Kerala and is a solo dance.
4.Kucipidi-It is a solo dance popular in Andhra Pardesh, Traditionally.It is performed by men.
5.Kathak-This dance originated in North India.
6.Odisi-As the name indicates, the dance developed in Orrisa.
7.Manipuri-Manipuri is a dance form popular in the North-East India.
AUTOBIOGRAPHIES.
1.A Brush with life-Satish Gujral 2.By God,s Decree-Kapil Dev.
3.Daughter of the East-Benazir Bhutto. 4.Freedom in Exile-Dalai Lama.
5.Golden Girl-P.T.Usha. 6.I Reach for the Stars-Barbara Cartland.
7.In the Afternoon of time-Harivansh Rai Bachan 8.Mein Kamft-Adof Hilter.
9.Long Walk to Freedom-Nelson Mandela. 10.My Days-R.K.Narayan.
11My Experiments with Truth-Mahatma Gandhi.12.My Story-Kamala Das.
13.My Music, My Life-Pt. Ravi Shankar.14.My Presidential Years-R.Venkatraman.
15.The Fall of a Sparrow-Salim Ali.16.The Necked Triangle-Balwant Gargi.
17.Truth,Love and a little Malice-Khushwant Singh. 18.The Tunnel of Time-R.K.Laxman 19.The Wings of Fire-Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam.
BOOKS AND AUTHORS
1.Ajatshatru Jai Shankar Prasad 2.Anandmath Bankim Chandra Chatterji 3.Devdas Sharat Chandra Chatterjee 4.Discovery of India J.L.Nehru
5.Divine Life Swami Sivanada 6.Gitanjali R.N. Tagore
7.Godaan M.P.Chand 8.The Guide R.K.Narayan
9Hind Swaraj M.K.Gandhi 10.India Divided Rajendra Prasad
11.India of Our Dreams M.V.Kamath 12.Kadambari Bana Bhatt
13.Kamayani Jai Shankar Prasad 14. Kapal Kundal Bankim Chandra Chatterjee 15.Kayakalp Munchi Prem Chand 16. Life divine Aurobindo Ghosh
17.Malgudi Days R.K.Narayan 18. My Days R.K.Narayan
19 My Experiments With Truth M.K.Gandhi 20. .Pinjar Amrita Pritam
21. Operation Bluestar Lt. Gen. K.S.Brar 22. Panchatantra Vishnu Sharma
23. Ram Charita Manas Tulsidas 23. Ramayana Valmiki
24. Rangbhoomi Munshi Prem Chand 25.Ratnavali Harsha Vardhan
26. Saket Maithili Sharan Gupt 27. Shakuntala Kalidas
28. Swami And Friends R.K.Narayan 29. A Suitable Boy Vikram Seth
30. The God of SmallThings Arundhati Roy 31. We,Indians Khushwant Singh
32. A Brush With Life Satish Gujral 33. A Possible India Partha Chatterjee
34. A Conceptual Encyclopedia of Guru Granth Sahib S.S. Kohli
35. A Foreign Policy for India I.K.Gujral 36.Adhe Adhure Mohan Rakesh
37. A House for Mr. Biswas V.S.Naipaul 38. A Passage to England Nirad C. Chaudhuri
39 A Prisoner’s Scrap Book L.K.Advani 40. A Revolutionary Life Laxmi Sehgal
41.A Secular Aganda Arun Shourie 42. Amar Kosh Amar Singh
43.Agni Pariksha Acharya Tulsi 44. Between the Lines Kuldip Nayar
45.An Idealist View of Life Dr.S.Radhakrishnan 46. Beyond Belief V.S.Naipal
47An Unfinished Dream Dr.Verghese Kurien 48. Bharat Aur Europe Nirmal Verma
49. Bisarjan R.N. Rabindranath Tabore 50. Bharat Bharti Maithli Sharan
51. Broken Wings Sarojini Naidu 52. Chandalika R.N. Tagore 53. Conquest of Self M.K.Gandhi 54. Coolie Mulk Raj Anand..
55. Court Dancer R.N.Tagore 56. Dark Room R.K.Narayan
57.Death of a city Amirita Pritam 58.Dharamashastra Manu
59.Eassays on Gita Aurbindo Ghosh 60. Faces of Everst Maj.H.P.S. Ahiuwalia
61.Geet Govinda Jai Dev 62. Gita Rahasya Bal Gangadhar Tilak
63. Gitanjali R.N.Tagore 64.Glimpses of World History J.L.Nehru 65.Mother India Ketherine Mayo 66. 25 years Of Sunny Days Sunil Gavaskar.
67. Prison Dairy Jayaprakash Narayan 68.Third World War Humphrey Hauxley.
69.The Road Ahead, The Speed of Thought ------------ Bill Gates
70.Train To Pakistan, Delhi, A Brush With Life, The Company Of Women, Truth Love And Little Malice, Lights and Sounds of World, Notes on Great India Circus---
Khushwant Singh
71. Daughter Of The East, Pakistan -The Gathering Storm Benazir Bhutto
72.In My Own Words- Dalai Lama
QUOTATIONS OF GREAT EDUCATIONISTS.
1.The aim of all education,of all training,should be man making-Swami Vivekanand.
2.We need life building, man making, character-making assimilation of ideas-Swami vivekanand.
3.It is man making education all around that we want-Swami Vivekanand.
4.Education is the manifestation if divihe perfection already existing in men-Swami Vivekanand.
5.Education is means for character formation and righteous living-Swami Vivekanand.
6.True education beignsonly when a man turns from all external aids to the infinity with in and becomes,as it were,a nature source of original knowledge or a spring if brand of new ideas-Swami Ram Tirth.
7.Education is that which makes one,s life in harmony with all exitence and thus enables the mind to find the ultimate truth which gives us wealth of inner light and love and gives significance of life –Rabindra Nath Tagore.
8.Education is self realization and service to the people-Guru Nanak Dev.
9.Whom can we call bad,whom good,when we saw the same God within all and the master has revealed this truth to us-Guru Nanak Dev.
10.Education is the true sence is helping the individual to be mature and free,to flower greatly in love and goodness.That is what we should be interested in,and not in shaping the child according to some idealistic pattern- J.Krishnamurti.
11.A mind that has merely been trained is contitinuation of the past and such a mind can never discover the new to find out what is right education,we will nave to inquire into the whole significance if living-J.Ksishnamurti.
12.Education is the realization of the self-Shankaracharya.
13.Educations the debt due from the present to future generation-T.Raymont. s
14.Educatiopn is the process of development from infancy to maturity,the process by which he adapts himself gradually in various ways to his phycial and spiritual environment-T.Raymot.
15.It is really life that educates one is educated by one,s vocation,by home life,by friendship,by marriage,byparenthood,by recreation,by travel and so forth-T.Raymont.
16.By education,I meant all round drawing out the best in child and man-body,mind and spirit-Mahatama Gandhi.
17.The troubles of the whole world including India are due to the fact that education has become a mere intellectual exercise and not the acquisition of moral and spiritual values-Dr.Radha Krishan.
18.Education is the process of the individual mind,getting to its full possible development-Dr.Zakir Hussain.
19.Education means the bringing out the ideas of universal validity which are latent in the mind of every man.-Socrates.
20.The aim of education is to dispel error and to discover truth-Socrates.
21.If one is to be creative member of society,one must not only sustain one,s own growth,but contribute something to the growth of society-Hymayun Kabir.
22.Education is a dynamic process which in its totality changes with the changing situations and developihg circumstances.-Humayun Kabir.
23.Educated men are as superior as living are to dead-Aristotle.
24.Education is the creation of a sound mind in a sound body.It developes man,s faculty especially his mind so that he may be able to enjoy the contemplation of supereme truth,goodness and beauty of which perfect happiness essentially consists-Aristotle.
25.Education means traning for the country and love for Nation-Kautilya.
26.Human education means the training which one gets from nature-Panini.
27Education is something which makes a man self reliant and selfless-Rigveda.
28.Education has been understood as something the end product of which is Salvation-Upanishads.
29.Education is that which makes a man of good character and useful to the world-Yajnavalkya.
30.Only the educated are free-Epictetus.
31.The educatipn constitutes the special environment real factor whose function is to lead the child nearer reality,to guide him towards his utmost possible perfection-Ross.
32.The aim of education is the development of a valuable personality and spiritual individuality-Ross.
33.Like a magnet,education must have two poles-Ross
34.Education is gymnastics for the body and music for the mind-Plato.
35.The unexamined life is not worth living-Plato.
36.Edocation is the capability to feel pleasure and pain at the right moment.It developes in the body and in the soul of the pupil all the perfection which he is capable of –Plato.
37.Education does not mean teaching people what they do not know.It means teaching them to behave as they do not behave-Ruskin.
38.Education means development of self contment-Kannada.
39.Education is man’s going forward from cocksure ignorance to thoughtful uncertainly-Keenth.G.Johnsan.
40.Education should make an individual vocationally self-dfependent,intellectually vocationally self-depehdent, intellectually mature,socially efficient,culturally refihed, morallyvirtuous and spiritually advances-Dr.R.N.Safaya.
41.Education is helping the growing soul to draw out that is in itself-Aurobindo Ghosh.
42.Life is education and education is life-Lodge.
43.Education is complete living-Spencer.
44.Education begins with life-Franklin.
45.Education is the cheap defence of nations-Burke.
46.A democracy is more than a form of government,it is primarily a mode of assiciared living,a conjoint communicated experience-John Dewey.
47.School is a special environment where a certain quality of life and certain types of activities and occupations are provided with the object of securing child’s development along desirable lines-John Dewey.
48.Education is the development of all those capacities in the individual wgich will enable him to control his environment and fulfil his possibilities-John Dewery.
49. Education is a tripolar process.All education proceeds by the participation of the individual in the social consciousness of the race-John Dewery.
50. Education is the orgnaisation of acquired habits of conduct,or actions and tendencies of behavior such individual to his physial and social environment-William James.
51.The realization of all the possibilities of human growth and development is education-Francis W.Parker.
52.Education is the conscious and deliberate process in which one personality acts upon another in order to modify the development of the other by the communication and manipulation of knowledge.-John Adams.
53.Education is a bipolar process-John Adames.
54.The attainment of a sound mind in a sound body is the end of education.-John Locke.
55.Education should help the child to adjust himself phycially and mentally to his environment and to the changing circumstances of life.-Lemark.
56.Man is greater than any system of thought-Conficus.
57.Education makes a people easy to lead,but difficult to drive,easy to govern,but impossible to inslave- Lord Budda.
58.Observation more than books, experience rather than persons,are the prime educators-A.B.Aclott.
59.I believe in democracy because it releases the energies of every human being-Woodrow Wilson.
60.Since wars begin in the minds if men,it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed-UNESCO.
61.Non formal education is one which is imparted through organization and institution outside the formal education institutions-Coombs.
62.High aims from high characters and great objects bring out great minds-Tyron Edwards.
63.Everything is good as it comes from the hands of Author of Nature,but everything degenerates in the hands of man.God makes all things good.Man meddles with them and they become evil-Rousseau.
64.Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge,belief,art,morals,law,custom and any capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society-E.B.Taylor.
65.National integration is a psychological and educational process involving the development of a feeling of unity,solidarity and cohesion in the hearts of people,a sence of common citizenship and a feelihg of loyalty to the Nation-National Intergration Confrence Report,1961.
66.Adolescence is the age of great ideas and the beginning of theorics as well as the time of simple adaptation to reality-Jean Peaget.
67.All men are born as human beigns need education because they are destined to be realmen,not wild beasts,dull animals and clumps of wood-Comenius.
68.Education is the natural,harmonious,and progressive developmentof man’s innate powers-Pestalozzi.
69.Education is unfoldment of what process enfolded in the germ.It is the process through the child makes internal and external.-Frobel.
70.Education is the complete development of the individuality of the child so that he can make an original contribution to human life according to the best if his capacity.-T.P.Nunn.
71.Education is the influence of the environment on the individual with a view to producing a permanent change in his habits,behaivour,of thought and of attitude.-Thompson.
72.Education is the deliberate and systematic influence exerted by the mature person upon the immature,through instruction,discipline and harmonius,development of physical intellectual,aesthetic,social and spiritual powers of human being,according to the individual and social needs and directed towards the union of educated with his creation as the final end.-Reddin.
73.Education is the transmission of life by the living to the living.-Edward Thrilg.
74.There is only one subject matter of education and that is life in all its manifestations.-A.N.Whitehead.
75.Growth must be towards an ideal human character.-H.H.Horne.
76.Education is purposeful and ethical activity hence it is unthinkable without aims.-Riulin.
77.Without the knowledge of aims,education is like a sailor who does not know his goal or his destination and child is like rudderless vessel which will be drifted along somewhere ashore.-B.D.Bhatia.
78.Be proud that you are an Indian,proudly claim I am an Indian every Indian is my Brother-Vivekanda.
79.Geni us is one percent inspiration and nineteen percent perspiration.-Thomas adison.
80.The greatest remendy for anger is delay.-L.A.Seneca.
81.If everybody minded their own business the world would would go round a great deal faster than it does-Lewis Carroll.
82.Advice is judged by results,not by intentions-Cicero.
83.Every man’s affairs,however little,are important to himself-Samuel Johnsan.
84.The individual must die so that India may live.Today I must die so that India may win freedom and glory.
85.It is an unfortunate fact that we can secure peace only by preparing for war.-John.K.Kennedy.
86.He who can not prevent a crime which he can,encourages it.-Seneca.
87.God,as some cynic has said,is always on the side which has the best football coach.-Heywood Brown.
88.Take care to get what you like,or you will forced to like what you get.-Georage Bernaral Shaw.
89.There is no future in any job,the future lies in the man who holds the job.-G.W.Crane.
90.Impossibilty:a word only to be found in the dictionary of fools.-Napoleon Bonaparte.
91.The difficult is that which can be done immediately;The impossible is that which takes a little longer.-George Santayana.
92.The crisis of yesterday is the joke of tommorow.-H.G.Wells.
93.To the timid and hesitating every thing is impossible because it seems so.-Walter Scot.
94.A failure establishes only this,that our determination to succeed was not strong enough.-Bovee.
95.If all our misfortunes were laid in common heap,whence every one must take an equal poirtion,most people would be content to take their own and depart.-Socrates.
96.God give us grace to accept with serenty the things that can not be changed,courage to change the thihg which should be changed,and the wisedom to distinguish the one from the other.-Reinhold Neibuhr.
97.Those are not the best students who are most dependent on books.What can be got out from them is at best only material;A man must build his house for himself.-G.Machdoland.
98.The way to wealth is an plan as the way to market.It depends chiefly on two words,industry and frugality,that is waste neither time nor money;but make the best use of both.Without industry and frugality,nothing will do,and with them everything.-Frasnklin.
99.Superstition is the religion of feeble minds-Edmund Burke.
100.Despise death and you have conquered every fear.-Publilius.
101.Education has produced a vast population able to read out unable to distinguish what is worth readihg.-G.M.Trevelyan.
102.Being born,we die;our end is the conseqence of our beginning.-Manilius.
103.I never met a man I didn’t like.-Will Rogers.
104.The trouble with the world is that the stupid are cocksure and the intelligent full of doubt-Bertrand Russel.
105.Three passions,simple but overwhelmingly strong,have governed my life:the longing for love,the search for knowledge and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind-Bertrand Russel
106.Temptation usually comes in through a door that has deliberately been left open-Arnold Glasow.
107.Every man who knows how to read has it in his power to magnify,to multiply the ways in which he exists,to make his life full,significant and interestihg.-Aldous Huxely.
108.We learn from history that we learn nothing from history-George Bernard Shaw.
109.The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.-Franklin D.Roosevelt.
110.There are many scapegoats for our sins,but the most popular is prividence.-Mark Twain.
111.Big brother is watching you.-George Orwel.
112.Evil habits,once settled,are more easily broken than mended.-Quintilliian.
113.A short cut to riches is to subtract from our desires-Petrarch.
114.To maintain a fault known is a double fault.-John Jewel.
115.Consider how hard it is to change yourself and you will understand what little chance you have trying to change others.-Arnold Glasow.
116.It is with our passion,as it is with fire and water,they are good servants but bad masters-L’sstrange.
117A thing of beauty is joy for every;Its loveliness increases;It will never pass into nothingness-Keats.
118.Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some to be chewed and digested-Bacon.
119.Since brevity is the soul of wit,and tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes.I will be brief.-Shakespeare.
120.The old order changeth,yielding place to new,And God fulfils himself in many ways.Lets one good custom should corrupt the world.-Tennyson.
121.The child is father of the man.-William Wordsworth.
122.Cowards die many times before their death;The valiant never taste of death but once.-William Shakespeare.
123.I came, I saw ,I conquered.-William Shakespeare.
124.The Government of the people,by the people,for the people shall not perish from the earth.-Abraham Lincon
125.And to my fellow Americans,ask not what your country can do for you,ask what can you do for your country.-John f.Kennedy.
126.England expects every man to do his duty.-Lord Nelson.
127.Of all the nations in the world at present the English are stupidest in speech and wise in action.-Thomas Grey.
128.Oh,East is East,and West is West,and never the twain shall meet.Till Earth and Sky stand presently at God’s great judgement seat.-Rudyard Kipling.
129.But be not afraid of greatness;some are born great,some achieve greatness and some have greatness trust upon them.-William Shakespeare.
130.Knowledge is power.-Francis bacon.
131.Every despot must have one disloyal subject to keep him sane-G.B.Shaw.
132.An honest man can never surrender an honest doubt.Where ignorance is bliss,’Tis folly to be wise-Walter Malone.
133.What’s in a name?That which we call a rose,By any other name would smell as sweet-William Shakespeare.
134.Peace hath her victories,No less renown’d than war-John Milton.
135.Reading makes a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man-Francis Bacon.
136.Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thoughts-Shelly.
137.To be or not to be,that is the quation Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer.the slings and outrageous fortune;Or to take arms againsts a sea of troubles,And by opposing,end them.-William Shakespeare.
138.Know them thyself,presume not God to scan;The proper study of mankind is man-Pope.
139.Frailty,thy name is woman-William Shakespeare.
140.The great question …..which I have not been able to answer,despite my thirty years of research into the feminine soul is-what does a woman want?-Sigmund Freud.
141.More things are wrought by prayer than this world dreams of.The woods are lovely,dark and deep But I have promises to keep And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep-Robert Frost.
142.Dilli Chalo-Subhash Chandra Bose.
143.Jana Gana Mana Adhinayak Jai He.-Rabindernath Tagore.
144.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live up the true meaning of its creed….I have a dream hat my four little children will live in nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character-Marin Luther.
145.Truth and non-violence are my God-Mahatma Gandhi.
146.there is no God higher than truth-Mahatma Gandhi.
147.Let a hundred flowers bloom and let a thousand schools of thought contened-Mao Zelong.
148.Jai Jawan ,Jai Kisan-Lal Bhadur Shastri.
149.To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction-Isaac Newton.
150.Eureka Eureka-Archimedes.
151.Swarajya is my birthright-Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
152.Hey Ram-Mahatma Gandhi.
153.Theirs not to make reply,Theirs not to reasonb why,Theirs but to do or die-Tennyson.
154.Aram Haram Hai-Jawahar Lal Nehru.
155.Let us cross the river and rest in the shade-Stinewall Jackson.
156.Among freedom there can be no successful appeal from the ballot to the bullet-Abraham Lincon.
157.Just as I would not like to be a slave,so I would not like to be a master.-Abraham Lincon.
158.Every new opinion,as its starting,is precisely in a minority of one-Thomas Carlyl.
159.Where wealth accumulates,men decay-Oliver Goldsmith.
160.The reward of great men is that,long after they have died,one is not quite sure that they are dead-Jules Renard.
161.Nevertheless it moves-Galileo.
162.Power tends to corrupt,and absoulate power corrupts absoulately-Lod Acton.
163.Man is by nature a political animal-Aristotle.
164.I have nothing to offer but blood,toil,tears and sweast.-Winston Churchill.
165.Thank God,I have done my duty-Last words of Admiral Nelson.
166.To be thought rich is as good as to be rich-W.N.Thackeray.
167.A single step for a man-a giant leap for mankind-Neil Armstrong.
168.For fools rush is where angles fear to tread-Pope.
169.Necessity is the mother of invention-Unknown Latin Proverb.
170.The light has gone out….the light that shone in this country was no ordinary light…For that light represented living truth-Jawahar Lal Nehru.
171.Generations to come,it may be,will scare believe that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth-Albert Einstein.
172.Loyal and efficient work in a great cause,even thought it may not be immediately recognished,ultimately bears fruit-Jawarlal Nehru.
173….Seditious fakir striding half-nacked up the steps of the viceroy’s palace there to negotiate and parely on equal terms with the representative the King Emperor-Winston Churchill.
174.It is hard to fail but it is worse never to have tried to succeed-Theodore Roosevelt.
175.We have now to fight for peace with same courage and determination as we fought against aggression-Lal Bhadur Shastri.
176.Full many a gem of purest ray screne,The dark unfathomed caves of ocean bear-Thomas Gray.
177.Death is the end of life,ah why should life all labour be?-Alfred Lord Tennyson.
178.All is for the best in the best of possible words-Voltaire.
179.The youngman who has not wept is a savage,and the old man who will not laugh is a fool-Georage Santayane.
180.Good government is no substitute to self-government-Morley.
181Et’tu,Brute.-Shakespeare(Julics Caesar).
182.Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven-John Milton.
183.Sweet are the uses of adversity,Which like a toad,ugly and venomous,Wears yet a precious jewel in his hand-William Shakespeare.
184.Whom the gods love die young-Byron.
185.All the world’s stage.And all the men and women merely players-William Shakespeare.
186.Brevity is the soul of wit-William Shakespeare.
187.No evil can happen to a good man,either in life or death-Socrates.
188.The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved-Victor Huge.
189.Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains-Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
190.At the stoke of midnight hour when the world sleeps,India will wake to life and freedom-Jawaharlal Nehru.
191.How sharper than a serpent’s tooth it is To have a Thankless child-William Shakespeare.
192.We shall defend our island whatever the cost may be,we shall fight on the landing grounds,we shall fight in the fields and streets,we shall fight in the hills,we shall never surrender.-Winston Churchill.
GEOGRAPHY.
SUPERLATIVE INDIA.
1.Highest Airpot-Leh airpot ih ladakh(3256m/16080ft.high).
2.Largest Auditorium-Sri Shanmukhananda Hall,.Mumbai.
3.Largest Public Sector Bank-State Bank of India.
4.Largest Batanical Garden-National Botanical Garden in Kolkata.
5.Longest River Bridge-Mahatma Gandhi Setu over the Ganga at Patna(5,575m/18286ft.long).
6.Longest Sea Bridge-Anna Indira Gandhi Bridge connecting the island of Rameshwaran with Mandapam in Tamil Nadu(2.34km.Long).
7.Biggest Cantilever Bridge-Rabindra Setu(also called Howrah Bridge)Hoogi river in Kolkata(457m/1499ft.iong).
8.Longest Canal-Indira Gandhi Canal or Rajasthan Canal(959km.long).
9.Largest Cave-Amarnath(about 44 km from Pahalgam in Jammu and Kashmir).
10.Largest Cave Temple-Elora(Maharashtra).
11.Oldest Chruch-St.Thomas Church at Palayer in Trichur district in Kerala built in 52 AD.
12.Largest Church-St.Cathedral at old Goa,10km from Panaji.
13.Most Populous City-Mumbai.
14.Longest Corridor-Corridor in Ramanathaswamy Temple at Rameswaram,Tamil Nadu(1220m/4002ft.long).
15.Highest Dam-Bhakra Dam on Sutlej river in Punjab(226m/738ft.high and 518m/1699ft.long).
16.Longest Dam-Hirakund Dam on Mahanadi river in Orrisa(24.4km.long).
17.Largest Delta-Sunderbans(75,000sq.km.)formed by the Ganga and Brahmaputra in West Bengal and Bangladesh.
18.Largest Dome-Gol Gumbaj,Bijapur in Karnatka.
19.Highest Gateway-Buland Darwaja at Fatehpur Sikri near Agra.Built by Akbar(53.5m/175ft.long).
20.Longest Glacier-Siachen Glacier on the Indo-Pakistan border(75.6km.long and 2.8km wide).
21.Largest Gurudwara-Golden Temple at Amritsar.
22.Highest Hydel Power Station-Rongtong Hydel Project in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh.
23.Largest Lake-Wular Lake,Kashmir.
24.Largest Fresh Water Lake-Kolleru in Andhra Pradesh.
25.Largest Library-National Library,Kolkata.
26.Oldest Monastery-Buddhist Monastery,(situated at an altitude of 3,048m/10,000ft.)at Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh.
27.Largest Mosque-Jama Masjid,Delhi(built by Shah Jahan in 1644-58).
28.Highest Mountain Peak-Kanchenjunga.
29.Largest Museum-Indian Museum,Kolkata.
30.Largest Planetarium-Birla planetarium,Kolkata.
31.Largest Prison-Tihar Jail,Delhi.
32.Longest Railway Bridge-Dehri-on-Sone Railway bridge over the Sone river near Sasaram on Kolkata-Delhi main line.
33.Longest Passenger Train Route-Jammu Tawi-Kanyakumari(3730km.).
34Fastest Train-Shatabdi Express between New Delhiand Bhopal at a speed on 140kmph.
35.Longest Railway Platform-Kharagpur in West Bengal(833m/27333ft.)Also World’s longest.
36.Largest Refinery-IOC refinery at Koyah(Gujarat).
37.Largest Tribe- gond.
38.Largest Concentration of Seheduled Tribes-Madhya Pradesh.
39.Longest River-Ganga(2640km.long).
40.Longest Road-Grand Trunk road from Kolkata to Delhi.
41.Highest Road-Road at Khardungla in thr Leh-Manali Sector.
42.Largest State in Area-Rajasthan.
43.Smallest State in Area-Ooa.
44.Most Populaed State-Uttar Pradesh.
45.Least Populated State-Sikkim.
46.Most Densely Populated State-West Bengal.
47.Least Densely Populated State-Arunachal Pradesh.
48.Most Literate State-Kerala.
49.Most Women State-Kerala.
50.Tallest Statue-Statue of Jain Siant Gomateswara at Sravanabelagola in Karnataka.
51.Largest Stupa-Great Stupa of Sanchi,Madhya Pradesh.
52.Largest Tunnel-Jawahar Tunne,Banihal Pass(Jammu and Kashmir).
53.Largest Union Territory in Area-Andaman and Nicobar Island(8,249 sq.km.).
54.Smallest Union Territory in Area-Lakshadweep(60,595).
55.Most Literate Union Territory-Lakshadweep.
56.Highest Waterfall-Jog Waterfall,Karnataka.
57.Largest Zoo-Zoological Gardens,Kolkata.
RIVERSIDE CITIES-INDIA & WORLD.
1.Alexandria-Nile-Egypth. 2.Amsterdam-Amsel-Netherlands.
3.Antwerp-Scheldt- Belgium. 4.Agra-Yamuna-Uttar Pradesh.
5.Ahmedabad-Sabarmati-Gujrat. 6.Ayodha-Saryu-Uttar Pradesh.
7.Baghdad-Tigris-Iraq. 8.Berlin-Spree-Germany.
9.Bonn-Rhine-Germany. 10.Budapest-Danube-Hungary.
11.Badrinath-Ganges-Uttar Pradesh. 12.Cairo-Nile-Egypth.
13.Canton-Canton-China. 14.Cuttak-Mahanandi-Orrisa.
15.Delhi-Yamuna-Delhi. 16.Dibrugarh-Brahmaputra-Assam.
17.Ferozepur-Sutlej-Punjab. 18.Glasgow-Clyde-Scotland.
19.Guwahati-Brahmaputara-Assam. 20.Hamburg-Fibe-Germany.
21.Hardwar-Ganges-Uttar Pradesh. 22.Hyderabad-Musi-Andhra pradesh.
23.Jabalpur-Narmbada-Madhya Pradesh24.Karachi-Indus-Pakistan.
25.Kanpur-Ganges-Uttar Pradesh. 26.London-Thame-England.
27.Ludhiana-Sutlej-Punjab. 28.Montreal-Ottawa-Canada.
29.Moscow-Moskva-Russia. 30.New York-Hudson-USA.
31.Nasik-Godawari-Maharashtra. 32.Paris-Seine-France.
33.Pandharpur-Bhima-Maharashtra. 34.Patna-Ganges-Bihar.
35.Quabec-St Lawrehce-Canada. 36.Rangoon-Irawadi-Burma.
37.Rome-Tiber-Italy. 38.Sambalpur-Mahanadi-Orrisa.
39.Srinagar-Jhelum-Jammu and Kashmir.40.Surat-Tapti-Gujrat.
41.Tokyo-Sumida-Japan. 42.Tiruchirapalli-Cauveri-Tamil Nadu.
43.Vienna-Danube-Austria. 44.Varanasi-Ganges-Uttar Pradesh.
45.Vijayawada-Krishma-Andhra Pradesh.46.Warsaw-Vistula-Poland.
47.Washington-Potamac-USA.
FAMOUS SITES-WORLD.
1.Ai-Aqusa-Jerusalem. 2.Big Ben-London. 3.Brandenberg Gate-Berlin.
4.Brown House-Berlin. 5.Colossium-Rome. 6.Buckingham Palace-London.
7.Downing Street-London.8.Eiffel Tower-Paris. 9.Fleet Street-London.
10.Harley Street-London.11.Hyde Park-London.12.India House-London.
13.Kabba-Mecca. 14.Kremlin-Moscow. 15.Leaning Tower-Pisa(Italy).
16.Louvre-Paris. 17.Merdeka Palace-Jakarta.18.Oval-London.
19.Pentagon-Washigton. 20.Potala-Nanking. 21.Pyramid-Eygpt.
22.Red Square-Moscow. 22.Scotland yard-London.23.Shew-dragon Pagod-Rangoon.
24.Sphinx-Egypt. 25.Statue of Liberty-New York.26.Vatican-Rome.
27.Wailing Wall-Jerusalem.28.Wall Street-New York. 29.Westminster Abbey-London.
30.White Hall-London. 31.White House-Washigton.
IMPORTANT REVOLUTIONS.
1.Green Revolution-Food Production. 2.Blue Revolution-Fish Production.
3.Brown Revolution-Fertilizers Production 4.White Revolution-Milk Production.
5.Red Revolution-Meat/Tomato Production.6.Yellow Revolution-Pulse Production.
SOURCES OF REVENUE.
INDIRECT TAXES-Income tax,Corporate tax,Wealth tax,Estate tax,Gift tax,Expenditure tax,Interest tax.
DIRECT TAXES-Sale tax,Service tax,Exise tax,Custom tax,Value added tax(VAT),Important duties.
BANKING-The first Bank of limited liability managed by Indians was`Oudth Commercial Bank’founded in 1881.After it,Punjab National Bank was established in 1894.
*The Banking Regulation Act,1949 provided the legal framework for regulation of the banking system by Reserve Bank of India(RBI).The RBI was established in 1935.The Bank is the sale authority for issue of currency in India other than one rupee notes.
*The largest Bank-Imperial Bank of India-was nationalised in 1955 and rechirstened as State Bank Of India(SBI).
*The Government issued an ordinance on 19July,1969 acquiring ownership and control of 14 major bankes in the Country.Six more commercial banks were nationalished from 15 April,1980.
PLANNING IN INDIA.
PLANNING COMMISION-The Planning Commision was set up in 1950.It is an advisory body.The Prime Minister is its ex-offico Chairman.It makes plans for the Union as well as the states.The Planning Economy in India is based on the mixed economy system.
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL-The National Development(NDC)set up in 1952 has as members the Chief Ministers of all states as also members of the Planning Commision.It is presided over by the Prime Minister of India as Chairman.It helps in working out common policies in the important spheres of the country’s economy and thus ensures balanced economic development of the country as a whole.It helps in the mobilization of resources and efforts all over the country.The five year plans are finally approved by the National Development Council.
FIVE YEARS PLANS AT A GLACE.
1.First Plan-1951-52 to 1955-56. 2.Second Plan-1956-57 to 1960-61.
3.Third Plan-1961-62 to 1965-66. 4.Annual Plan-1966-67 to 1968-69.
5.Fourth Plan-1969-70 to 1973-74. 6.Fifth Plan-1974-75 to 1977-78.
7.Annual Plan-1978-79 to 1979-80. 8.Sixth Plan-1980-81 to 1984-85.
9.Seventh Plan-1985-86 to 1989-90. 10.Eighth Plan-1992-93 to 1996-97.
11.Ninth Plan-1997-2002. 12.Tenth Plan-2002 to 2007.
ECONOMY BYTES.
MIXED ECONOMY-China is the example of Socialist Economy while USA and UK are the examples of Liberal Economy.The term-mixed economy clearly supports the co-existence if both private as well as public sector in the Indian economy.But Indian Economy is gradullyb leading towards the`Liberal Economy’as the result of `New Liberal Policy’ adopted by the government of India since 1991.
VALUE ADDED TAX(VAT)-A tax on the differente between the inputs,and outputs of a process.The tax is levied at each stage in the chain from the raw material,through to the customer who buys the finished product.Every time the items change hands,tax is paid by buyer of items.
SOME SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CENSUS-2001
MIXED ECONOMY-China is the example of Socialist Economy while USA and UK are the examples of Liberal Economy. The term-mixed economy clearly supports the co-
existence if both private as well as public sector in the Indian economy. But Indian Economy is gradually leading towards the Liberal Economy’s the result of `New Liberal Policy’ adopted by the government of India since 1991.
VALUE ADDED TAX(VAT)-A tax on the difference between the inputs, and outputs of a process. The tax is levied at each stage in the chain from the raw material, through to the customer who buys the finished product. Every time the items change hands, tax is paid by buyer of items.
SOME SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CENSUS-2001.
Total Population-1027 million[on Ist March,2001].
Men-531.3 million. Women-495.7 Dentisty-324 persons per sq.km.
Sex Ratio-933(Woman per 1000 men) Highest Sex Ratio-Kerala(1058).
Lowest Sex Ratio-Haryana(861). The most densely populated state-West Bengal(904)
The most populated state-Uttar Pradesh. Decadal growth-21.3%.
Urban population-27.78% Rural population-72.22% LiteracyRate-65.38%
Male Literacy rate75.85% Female Literacy Rate-54.16%
State with highest Literacy-Kerala(90.92%) (followed by Mizoram).
State with lowest Literacy-Bihar(47.53%).
WORLD MARKETS.
1.Bombay Stock Exchange-Sen sex. 2.National Stock Exchange-CNX Nity.
3.New York Stock Exchange-Dow Jones.4.Germany Stock Exchange-Xetra Dax.
5.Singapore Stock Exchange-S.T.Index. 6.France Stock Exchange-CaC 40.
7.Japan Stock Exchange-Nikkel. 8.London Stock Exchange-FSTE.
9.Korea Stock Exchange-Kaspi. 10.Hongkont Stock Exchange-Hong Seng.
AFFECTING DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY.
1.AIDS-Immune System. 2.Arthirits-Joints. 3.Cataract-Eyes 4.Conjunctivitis-Eyes.
5.Dermatitis-Skin. 6.Eczema-Skin. 7.Glaucoma-Eyes. 8.Hepatitis-Liver.
9.Pyorrhoea-Teeth. 10.Pleuisy-Lungs. 11.Rheumatism-Joihts. 12.Tuberculosis-Lungs.
13.Filariasis-Feet. 14.Scurvy-Skin and Blood.15.Cyastritis-Stomach.16.Rabis- Brain.
17.Appendicitus-Appendix. 18.Rickets-Joints of children’s Bones. 19.Tracoma-Eyes.
20.Cholera-Stomach 21 .Pneumonia-Lungs. 22.Malaria-Liver and RBCs 23.Jaundice-Liver. 24.Goitre-Thyroid,Joints 25.Asthma-Respiratory Tract.
26.Diabetes-Pancreas,blood. 27.Polio-Nervous System, legs. 28.Thypoid-Intenstihe.
29.Mums-Slivary Glands. 30.Diphtheria-Thorat.31.Jaundice-Liver.
32.Atherosclerosis-Heart and Blood vascular system.
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS.
1.TLC-Blood Test Total Leucocytes Count .
2.DLC-Blood Test Differential Leucocytes Count.
3.HIV-AIDS Test. 4.SGPT_Liver test.
5.M.P.-Malaria Test. 6.SGOT_Liver Test.
7.E.S.R.-Test for T.B. 8.V.D.R.L.-For Sexual Transmitted Diseases.
9.Mantoux Test-Test for T.B. 10.Sercum Creatinine-Kidney functioning Test.
11.Serum Billirubin-Jaundice Test. 12.Widal Test-Typhoid.
13.Uric Acid-Arthritis . 14.RA-Rheumatic Pains.
HUMAN BODY AT A GLACE OF HUMAN BEINGS WEIGHING 70 KG.
1.Body weight-70kg. 2.Jack of all trades-Skin.
3.Thinnest skin-Conjuctiva.(eye) 4.Total no. of bones-206.
5.Smallest bone-Stapes. 6.Longest bone-Femur.
7.Total Verebrae-33. 8.Total no of muscles-639.
9.Smallest muscle-Stapedius(eaer). 10.Longest muscle-Buttok Muscle,Sartorius.
11.Largest gland-Liver. 12.Longest nerve-Sciatic.
13.Largest vein-Inefrior Vena Cava. 14.Largest Artery-Abdominalaorta.
15.Weight of Brain-1300gm. 16.Hardest part-Tooth enamel.
17.Common blood groups-A,B,AB,O. 18.Total amount of blood in body-5.5 rs.perature
19.Longest cell of body-Nerve cell. 20.Largest slivary gland-Parotid gland.
21.Largest endicrine gland-Thyroid. 22.Normal body temprature-98.6 F(37 C)
NATURAL ACIDS.
1.Acetic acid-Vinegar. 2.Amino acid-Protiens. 3.Ascorbic acid-VitaminC.
4.Citric acid-Lemon/citrus fruit. 5.Hydrocloric acid-Digestive juices. 6.Lactic acid-Milk.
7.Malic acid-Unripe apples/fruits.8.Tannic acid-Tea. 9.Uric acid-Urine.
THE VITAMINS
1.Vitamin A-Night blindness,xerophthalmia,reatarded growth-Animals oils such as liver oil of certain fish,egg yolk and yellow and green vegetables.
2.Vitamin Bi(Thimine) –Beriberi,retarded growth.-Outer seed coats of cereal grains,yeats,meat.
3.VitaminB2(Riboflavin)-Cataract,defective skin patches around mouth and ear.-/////////d with B and other members of vitamin B-Complex.
4.Vitamin B6(Phyridoxine)-Mild anemia,growth of lympth tissues,low count to leucocytes and antibodies,low resistance ti infections-Meat,eggs,nuts and cereals.
5.Vitamin B(Niacin)-Pellagra-All food rich in any of the vitamins in the B-Complex.
6Vitamin B12(Cobalamin)-Perinicious anaemia.
7.Vitamin C(Ascorbic acid)-Scurcy,retarded growth-Lemon,orange and vegetables.
8.Vitamin D(Calcifirol)-Rickets(children),Osteomalacia(adults)-Animal oil,butter milk and fish liver,solar ultraviolet raya.
9.Vitamin E(Tocopherol)-Sterility,muscular paralysis-Vegetables and animal oil,soyabins.
10.Vitamin K(Phylloquinone)-Improper coagulation of blood,improper growth-Leafy vegetables,oats.
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